The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction between respect or disrespect and the customer value proposition, including identifying experiences of respect or disrespect, within the context of low income consumers. The study was conducted by means of exploratory research, applying the critical incident technique, whereby a positive and a negative experience in the marketplace was analysed for each low income participant. The study showed that low income consumers value respect in the marketplace, and are typically prepared to pay a premium for respectful treatment. As regards disrespectful treatment, the study showed that low income consumers have a strong tendency to complain when faced with disrespect, and if this is not remedied, the low income consumer is extremely likely to not purchase from the relevant supplier then or in the future, regardless of price or convenience. This study also highlighted various actions or behaviour categories that low income consumers consider respectful or disrespectful within the marketplace. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmgibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des politiques d'audit d’expériences de terrain et de laboratoire. En particulier, nous nous concentrons sur une règle d'audit particulière, nommée "crackdown", qui est la concentration de contrôles systématiques ou de haute fréquence dans une quantité limitée de temps, et/ou dans une zone géographique délimitée ou un sous-ensemble de la population. Même si elle a des implications évidentes et beaucoup d’applications, les économistes se sont peu intéressés à ce type de mesure. Nous étudions dans cette thèse l'efficacité de différents types de crackdowns. Le premier essai cherche à savoir s'il existe une alternative pour améliorer l'efficacité des crackdowns dans un jeu bien public dans lequel contribuer moins que la moyenne des autres membres du groupe est sanctionné et la probabilité d'un contrôle est inconnue. Nous constatons que, sous ambiguïté, un schéma du contrôle intermittent peut maintenir le même niveau de coopération par rapport à un régime du contrôle systématique tout en étant moins coûteux. Le deuxième essai offre une étude approfondie de l'efficacité relative de diverses politiques de crackdown à l'aide d'une expérience de laboratoire sur le terrain avec des passagers réels d'un service de transport public. Nous introduisons un jeu nouveau, le jeu de transport public, où les participants ont à décider, sur plusieurs périodes, s’ils souhaitent acheter ou non un billet sachant qu'il peut y avoir un contrôle. Le principal résultat est que les crackdowns durables sont moins efficaces que les contrôles aléatoires. Nous observons également que les fraudeurs réels fraudent plus que les non-fraudeurs. Le troisième essai développe un modèle étudiant l'efficacité de crackdowns endogènes, c’est-à-dire l’augmentation soudaine et dramatique de la probabilité d'audit déclenchée par un niveau de conformité détecté faible. Nous testons ce modèle expérimentalement. Nos résultats montrent que : (a) la conformité aux règles réagit rapidement à l'apparition des crackdowns ; (b) les participants déclarent plus de la moitié de leur revenu, même pendant les périodes sans crackdowns ; (c) les annonces de crackdown augmentent la conformité à la fois qu’elles soient ex ante ou ex post; (d) les participants parviennent à se coordonner rapidement pour mettre fin aux crackdowns. / This thesis focuses on the study of audit policies in different contexts using both lab and field experiments. In particular, we focus on a special auditing rule, called “crackdown”, which is the concentration of high-frequency or systematic controls in a limited amount of time and/or on a delimited geographical area or subset of the population. Despite its frequent use and obvious implications, little attention has been received from economists. We study in this thesis the efficiency of various types of crackdowns, manipulating the degree of uncertainty of individuals about the probability of audits.The first essay investigates whether there is an alternative to improve the efficiency of crackdowns in a public goods game. We find that, under ambiguity, a less costly intermittent audit scheme can sustain the same level of cooperation compared to a systematic audit regime when contributing less than the average of the other group members is centrally sanctioned.The second essay offers a comprehensive investigation on the relative efficiency of various crackdown policies using a lab-in-the-field experiment with passengers of a public transport service. We introduce a novel game, the daily public transportation game, where subjects have to decide, over many periods, whether to buy or not a ticket, knowing that there might be a control. The main result is that concentrated crackdowns are less effective and efficient than random controls. We also find that real fare-dodgers fraud more in the experiment than non-fare-dodgers.The third essay develops a simple model to study endogenous crackdowns, i.e., a dramatic increase of the audit probability triggered by a low level of compliance. We test this model experimentally. We show that: (a) compliance reacts quickly to the occurrence of crackdowns; (b) subjects report more than half of their income even during non-crackdown periods; (c) announcements of crackdown increase significantly tax compliance both when crackdowns are pre-announced and when they are announced ex post; (d) subjects are able to coordinate quickly to end crackdowns.

The current opioid crisis has, among other things, resulted in soaring rates of fatal overdose across Canada, prompting officials to turn to harm reduction in hopes of combatting the epidemic. The Coroners Service of British Columbia issued a statement in March 2017 reporting an 80% increase in the number of deaths resulting from illicit drug use in 2016 from 2015 (Coroners Service of British Columbia, 2017). Despite the abundance of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of supervised injection services (SIS) in Canada and worldwide, the implementation of this intervention has remained highly controversial, particularly in Ottawa. Guided by Michel Foucault’s theory of governmentality, this thesis explores the obstacles hindering the implementation of supervised injection services in Ottawa, Ontario. Through eight qualitative semi-structured interviews with front-line workers of harm reduction programs, this thesis identifies and explores several obstacles to the implementation of SIS, primarily bureaucratic obstacles stemming from the enactment of the Respect for Communities Act (2015).

The diploma thesis main goal is to show how cultural values are associated with economic growth. The thesis approaches the goal on theoretical and practical grounds. The theoretical part describes three economic growth models and perspectives to culture. The practical part relates to statistical analyses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elderly clients in an acute care setting perceived themselves as being treated with dignity and respect, and whether clients with a higher socioeconomic status are more likely than clients with a lower socioeconomic status to be treated with dignity and respect. Sixty-two elderly clients who had been in hospital at least five days, were alert and oriented during their hospitalization, and could speak English were selected for the study. Using a convenience sampling technique, the clients were selected from medical and surgical units of two major teaching hospitals. They were interviewed within three days after discharge to respond to items on a questionnaire selected from the Medicus Quality Assurance Tool. The results of the study show that elderly clients may not perceive that they are consistently treated with dignity and respect. Older clients (75+ years) are less likely than younger older clients (65-74) to be treated with dignity and respect, and elderly clients with a lower socioeconomic status and women, are less likely to be treated with dignity and respect. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

A presente dissertação investiga o problema da eutanásia. A tecnologia biomédica avançou nestas últimas duas décadas de forma notável, no bom e no mau sentido. É graças a esta tecnologia que muitos e muitos doentes têm sido salvos de suas enfermidades transitórias, porém, de outro lado, estas mesmas medidas, escravizam milhares de vidas a serem vividas sem qualquer perspectiva de cura ou melhora, somente prolongando a vida e o sofrimento de pacientes terminais. Nesse contexto, buscou-se trazer para conhecimento de toda comunidade científica, bem como dos estudantes de direito e afins, as teorias de direito do notório autor Ronald Dworkin, para possibilitar, num primeiro momento, demonstrar como este vê e entende o Direito e para, após, apresentar sua visão acerca do instituto da eutanásia. Por fim, expor a proposta de Dworkin em face de pedidos de eutanásia, bem como trazê-la para a realidade brasileira, verificando a possibilidade de sua implementação face à legislação vigente. Ressalta-se que se espera com este trabalho proporcionar mais uma fonte de conhecimento, para instigar a reflexão acerca da eutanásia em nossa sociedade, uma vez que é realmente necessária já que a morte é um processo vital pelo qual todos nós passaremos. / The present dissertation deals with the euthanasia’s problem. The biomedical technology advanced to much in these last two decades, in the good one and bad one way. Is is thanks to this new technology that many sick people have been safe of its disease. However, in the another way, this same technology has been slaving thousand of lives, to live without any cure’s perspective or health’s improves, only prolonging those lifes and those suffering. In this context, it tries to bring to the scientific community and for all students, the Law’s Theories of Ronald Dworkin, a very famous author, to make possible to show how he sees and undestands Law. And then, presents his vision concerning the euthanasia institute. After that, it displays the Dworkin’s proposal in face of euthanasia order, as wel as brings his proposal for the brazilian reality, verifying the possibility of it is implementation face the current Law. It is expects with this work to provide plus a new source of knowledge to instigate the reflection concerning the euthanasia in our society. The reflection is very important because deaths is part of ours lifes.

Orientador: Dagmar Aparecida Cynthia França Hunger / Resumo: As recentes orientações veiculadas em documentos oficiais da educação básica sobre aprendizagem de valores sociais têm instigado educadores a pensarem em formas de favorecer esses ensinamentos na escola. Na área da Educação Física Escolar, os Jogos Cooperativos se apresentam com essa preocupação em proporcionar, por meio de jogos e brincadeiras, um ambiente propício ao desenvolvimento da cooperação, da empatia e do respeito. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa possui como objetivo geral analisar as interfaces “Jogos Cooperativos” e a aprendizagem da cooperação, da empatia e do respeito na perspectiva do professor de Educação Física Escolar. Foram elencados quatro objetivos específicos, que são: identificar o conhecimento dos professores de Educação Física Escolar com referência à abordagem dos Jogos Cooperativos; evidenciar se e como os professores abordam os JCs em suas aulas; analisar como os professores avaliam a abordagem dos Jogos Cooperativos e a aprendizagem da cooperação, da empatia e do respeito; e produzir um vídeo educacional voltado ao ensino dos JCs, relacionando-os com a aprendizagem da cooperação, da empatia e do respeito. Esta pesquisa orientou-se no método qualitativo para responder aos objetivos propostos. Participaram deste estudo 18 professores da rede pública de ensino de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. A entrevista semiestruturada foi utilizada como instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise dos dados permitiu identificar interfaces entre os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The recent guidelines published in official basic education documents on learning social values have prompted educators to think about ways to favor these teachings at school. In the area of School Physical Education, Cooperative Games are concerned with providing, through games, an environment conducive to the development of cooperation, empathy and respect. Thus, this research has as its general objective to analyze as interfaces "Cooperative Games" and a learning of cooperation, empathy and respect from the perspective of the Physical Education teacher. Four specific objectives were listed, namely: To identify the knowledge of School Physical Education Teachers with reference to the Cooperative Games approach; evidence if and how teachers approach in their classes; analyze how they evaluate the Cooperative Games approach and the learning of cooperation, empathy and respect; and, produce an educational video focused on the teaching of CGs relating to the learning of cooperation, empathy and respect. This research is guided by the qualitative method to answer the proposed objectives. Eighteen public school teachers from a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo participated in this study. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection instrument. The analysis of the data allowed to identify interfaces between the Cooperative Games and the learning of cooperation, empathy and respect. Although the theme is valued by educators for the school environment, th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Effectiveness of law in behavioral perspective Abstract The thesis is considering effective influence of law in society. Firstly, the basic concepts on effectiveness of law in fields of theory of law, sociology of law and legal philosophy are briefly introduced along with current system of assessing effectiveness of regulation in Czech legislative process in second chapter. Next it encourages to try on oneself the psychotherapeutical interview with the Law of Benjamin Sells, to find out about one's own potentially hidden ideas and prejudices about law and society. Finally in three consecutive chapters are introduced three basic concepts of human nature (anthropological pessimism, realism and optimism) that are informing our often unconscious choice of instruments used to enhance the effectiveness of law. Anthropological pessimism typically chooses control and deterrence. Anthropological realism uses control and deterrence for those, who are not influenced by softer measures, which it deliberately cultivates - trust and respect. These instruments are than examined from the perspective of their real effects on human behavior by means of research, studies and experiments mostly from the field of social-psychology. Finally, the sixth chapter concerns itself with anthropological optimism, which is introduced on...

In this thesis viewpoints of Hegel's philosophy of history were confronted with selected fields of 20th century social theory. The Enlightenment was chosen as a keyword. In Hegel's Phenomenology of Mind the Enlightenment is a mode of experience of consciousness, or a phenomenon of Spirit in its history, a phenomenon which is becoming outdated in his time. To illustrate such overcome this conception of Enlightenment is demonstrated on Kant's article The answer to a Question: What is Enlightenment?. Thesis then examines the way in which had Hegel's interpretation inspired Critical theory - specifically Adorno's and Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment and Marcuse's Reason and Revolution. The last part of thesis is focused on the broader field of social theory to find manifestations of thought stream begun by Hegel. It finds it out especially in thought of Gadamer in considerably radical form calling to a question the epistemology of humanities till his present. Viewpoints emerged from Hegel's philosophical reaction to the Enlightenment represent still current counterpart of neopositivist approaches and a relevant reference point in epistemological uncertainty and in finding out an adequate socio-historical role of humanities.

Many young adult African American men living in urban areas adopt a style of self-presentation known as the gangsta image in an attempt to earn and maintain what they may perceive to be respect, self-esteem, and social status. While these young men succeed in earning the respect of their peers, they also may jeopardize their chances of succeeding in mainstream society by engaging in an alienating lifestyle related to their alternative form of status. The purpose of this case study was to explore the concepts of respect and self-esteem as defined by a culture-sharing group of young African American men living in an urban environment. Using the theoretical lens of Goffman's dramaturgical model of social interactions, case studies of 4 young African American males' experience of self-esteem and respect as components of social acceptance were explored. Their sources of teachings about respect and social position received from the authority figures in their environment, as well as the contextual factors that shaped their self-concept, were also delineated. The research used a qualitative, case study design. Data were collected from observations, interviews, participatory photography, and document review and analyzed by coding and concept mapping using Atlas.ti software. The key finding was that perceptions of self-respect were connected to ongoing negative relationships with mainstream society and law enforcement. This study contributes to social change by helping human services professionals to comprehend the meaning and significance of respect and self-esteem for this population. This understanding can then inform practices related to engaging and supporting the mainstream success of this important group.