Submitted by William Paiva (williampaiva17@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-17T18:06:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Valeria Leonini Crivellaro.pdf: 3567998 bytes, checksum: 6439a17f74ce24cff91df1635892c6a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-08T16:07:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Valeria Leonini Crivellaro.pdf: 3567998 bytes, checksum: 6439a17f74ce24cff91df1635892c6a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T16:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Valeria Leonini Crivellaro.pdf: 3567998 bytes, checksum: 6439a17f74ce24cff91df1635892c6a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Este estudo visa compreender a experiência do NEMA – Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental na constituição de intelectuais orgânicos. A pesquisa busca identificar por meio de relatos das pessoas que formaram e formam o NEMA, bem como da trajetória que o Núcleo vem desenhando no cenário ambiental, como esse espaço constitui intelectuais orgânicos. O conceito de intelectuais orgânicos partiu de Antonio Gramsci (1882 – 1937), que desponta como um dos grandes teóricos da teoria social marxista. Para Gramsci o intelectual é mais do que uma pessoa das letras, ou um produtor e transmissor de ideias. Os intelectuais são também mediadores, legitimadores, e produtores de práticas sociais; eles cumprem uma função de natureza eminentemente política. Este aspecto interessa uma vez que o NEMA surgiu nesse movimento de resistir ao conhecimento e práticas sufocantes que constituem nossas práticas sociais. Intelectuais transformadores que aglutinam outros, a fim de romper com a opressão, fornecendo dessa forma a liderança da ética, da política e da pedagogia para a criticidade da realidade. A pesquisa com base qualitativa permitiu estabelecer os referenciais teóricos, a pesquisa em documentos e outras formas de informação e a apropriação da Análise Textual Discursiva – ATD para organizar o corpus por meio dos relatos de 30 pessoas que tiveram a experiência do NEMA. Os resultados possibilitam afirmar que os intelectuais orgânicos do NEMA se constituem em Ondas, isto é passam de uma reflexão sobre si mesmo – Quem eu sou?, estabelece uma relação de pertencimento com o lugar que atuam – O lugar onde vivemos, lidam com uma diversidade de pessoas, instituições e situações – Biodiversidade, estabelecem diálogos e se fazem representar em espaços de discussão – Biosfera e Ecologia e buscam a continuidade de suas ações por meio de novos projetos – Planejamento Ambiental. O estudo vislumbra que a experiência do NEMA contribua na vanguarda da construção dialógica do saber com os movimentos sociais para que estes saberes possam ser implementados na práxis destes movimentos, no fronte da relação natureza e sociedade. / The present study aims to understand the experience of NEMA (Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental) in the formation of organic intellectuals. The research seeks to identify through the narrative of people who had enjoy and still in NEMA as well as the trajectory that the center has been designing in the environmental scenario how this space is creating organic intellectuals. The concept of organic intellectuals came from Antonio Gramsci (1882 - 1937) who had emerged as one of the greatest theorists of Marxist´s social theory. For Gramsci the intellectual is more than a person of letters, or a producer and transmitter of ideas. Intellectuals are also mediators, legitimating, and producers of social practices, they serve as political eminent. This aspect interest, since NEMA appeared in this movement to resist to the knowledge and practices, which were stifling our social practices. Transformative intellectuals who aggregate others, in order to break oppression, thus providing leadership in ethics, politics and pedagogy for the criticality of reality. The qualitative research based allowed to establish the theoretical landmark, research documents and other forms of information and ownership of Discourse Textual Analysis - DTA to organize the corpus through the reports of 30 persons who had the NEMA experience. These results enable us to state that the organic intellectuals of the NEMA are waves, this is nothing more than a reflection about yourself - Who am I?, Establish a relationship of belonging to the working place - the place where we live, deal with a diversity people, institutions and situations - Biodiversity, establish dialogues and to represent themselves in discussion spaces - Biosphere and Ecology and seek continuity of their actions through new projects - Environmental Planning. The study envisions that the experience of NEMA contributes in the forefront of dialogical construction of knowledge with social movements so that this knowledge can be placed in practice, in the front between nature and society relationship.

Orientador: Rachel Negrão Cavalcanti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T15:11:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_FabianaFerrari_D.pdf: 11281113 bytes, checksum: 92b77a510956fc2cc26128258cf02bf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Intensas atividades de mineração na região de Poços de Caldas se tornaram o objeto de sérias discussões. O alumínio é extraído da bauxita encontrada em áreas próximas à malha urbana. A população está ciente de tais atividades de mineração, entretanto, não há um claro entendimento sobre impactos sociais e ambientais. Questionários cuidadosamente preparados foram submetidos aos representantes da população, aos membros voluntários das ONGs locais e aos governantes pertinentes. Bancos de dados federais foram utilizados para reunir informações sobre áreas locais de concessões de mineração. Resultados georeferenciados indicaram que a população possui uma percepção positiva sobre as atividades de mineração e está ciente da sua importância. Entretanto, o estudo foi capaz de identificar algumas deficiências nas estratégias de comunicação empregadas pelas empresas de mineração. Esta Tese é uma fonte de dados para a percepção da população em relação às atividades de mineração e foi empregada para criar um banco de dados GIS. Em adição, apontou estratégias modernas que podem ajudar a melhorar o relacionamento entre as empresas de mineração e a população local e direcionar outros projetos similares envolvendo variadas atividades de mineração próximas às áreas urbanas / Abstract: Intense mining activities in the region of Poços de Caldas have become the object of serious discussion. Aluminum is extracted from bauxite ore found in areas near urban developments. The population is aware of such mining activities, however, there is no clear understanding regarding social and environmental impacts. Carefully prepared questionnaires were submitted to representatives from the general population, to volunteer members of local NGOs, and government authorities. Available government databases were employed to gather information about local mining concession areas. Georeferenced results indicated that the population perception towards mining activities is positive and the population is aware of its importance. However, the study was able to identify some deficiencies in communication strategies employed by the mining companies. This thesis is a source of data for population perception regarding mining activities and was employed to create a GIS database. In addition, it pointed out modern strategies that can help to improve the relation between mining companies and the local population and guide other similar projects involving diverse mining activities near urban areas / Doutorado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Aurea Maria Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T19:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_AdrianaDezotti_M.pdf: 796936 bytes, checksum: f5aeafce4e37a6572f24710be666efc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A humanidade, ao longo de seu percurso histórico, tem estabelecido bizarras relações no exercício da arte de viver e conviver. São relações de poder e obediência, de fuga e captura, de controle e submissão, de resistência e luta, de extermínio e preservação. Diante disso, este texto busca debruçar-se sobre as formas de poder e de governo ? ou melhor, de "governamentalidade" ? a partir da Idade Média até a atualidade, amparado pelo referencial teórico das últimas conferências de Michel Foucault. Partiremos da sociedade de soberania e passaremos pela sociedade de disciplina para, então, compreendermos a forma como o "biopoder" segundo Foucault (2008b) ou a chamada "sociedade de controle" por Deleuze (1992) geraram o neoliberalismo e, com ele, as instituições como as ONGs, cuja intenção de conter a miséria, leva, de certa forma, a perpetuá-la. Iremos nos aprofundar na reflexão de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari (1997) sobre como o "Aparelho de Estado" e as instituições de poder da atualidade (mídia, grandes empresas nacionais e multinacionais) capturam as tentativas de resistência e luta das "Máquinas de Guerra". Tentaremos verificar como é possível resistir criando "linhas de fuga", construindo novas maneiras de estar em grupos, novas formas de ser, de governar a si mesmo e, consequentemente, de governar aos outros. Enfim, qual a possibilidade de existirem novas formas de subjetivação. Finalmente, estudaremos essas relações de poder e subjetivação através da TABA, uma ONG cuja ambigüidade a torna, em alguns momentos, capturada pelos tentáculos do neoliberalismo e, em muitos outros, a permite criar espaços de fuga e resistência. Essa paradoxal existência nos leva a perceber que, mesmo de dentro da máquina, ainda é possível criar formas de autonomia, de resistência tal qual um Frankstein às avessas, ou seja, como filha do neoliberalismo, a(s) ONG (s) supera(m) e boicota(m) o criador, construindo "buracos na lei" e novos modos de ser, mesmo estando na condição engessada de uma instituição. / Abstract: Along its history, Humankind has established bizarre relations in the exercise of living. These are relations of power and obedience, escape and capture, control and submission, resistance and fight, slaughtering and preservation. In face of this, this article goes through forms of power and government - or 'governmentability', to say so - from the Middle Ages until now, supported by the theoretical basis of Michel Foucault. We will start from the society of sovereignity, go through the society of disciplin and therefore, we will be able to understand how the form of "biopower", according to Foucault, or the "society of control" according to Deleuze, has generated neoliberalism and, with it, institutions such as the NGOs, whose intention to retain misery actually fosters its perpetuation. We will look thouroughly into the reflection made by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari about how the "State Device" and the present power institution (media, big national and multinational companies) have captured the attempts of resistance and fight of the "War Machines". We will try to verify how it is possible to resist by creating "escape lines", building new forms of living in groups, new forms of being, of governing oneself and therefore, governing others. All in all, what the possibilities of new forms of subjetification are. Finally, we eill study these relations of power and subjetification through TABA, an ONG whose ambiguity allows it at times to be captured by the tentacles of neoliberalism and, in many other moments, allows it to create runaway and resistance spaces. This paradoxal existence leads us to realize that even inside the machine, is is still possible to create forms of autonomy, resistance, such as na upside-down Frankstein, that is, as children of neoliberalism, NGOs overcome and boycott the creator, digging "holes in the law" and building new forms of existence, even being plastered in the condition of an institution. / Mestrado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Mestre em Educação

Orientador: Maria Suely Kofes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T20:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_BianccaScarpelinede_D.pdf: 9836163 bytes, checksum: 72198f09f9470a00ea4e6ef309bc8c84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A introdução e difusão dos organismos geneticamente modificados no Brasil geraram inúmeras disputas políticas, jurídicas, científicas e econômicas, que são enfrentadas como conflitos sobre riscos. Seguindo as pistas dessas contendas, esta tese analisa as distintas noções de riscos associados à utilização desses organismos para as empresas processadoras de grãos, as organizações não governamentais e consumidores, entrevistados em sete cidades do país. Procurou-se compreender as características dessas noções, problematizando-as com as análises de diferentes autores que discutem o conceito de risco dentro das ciências sociais, como Douglas, Foucault, Giddens, Castel e principalmente Beck. A análise mostrou que existem diferentes noções de riscos associados aos transgênicos, que variam de acordo com a visão de mundo daqueles que os anunciam. Entre os riscos destacados apareceram preocupações ambientais, éticas e sobre a saúde, no entanto, as questões socioeconômicas se destacaram nas entrevistas realizadas. As organizações não governamentais contrárias aos transgênicos enfatizaram que a sua utilização poderia gerar riscos para a manutenção da agricultura familiar, as organizações favoráveis ressaltam que a rejeição desses organismos poderia gerar riscos para a competitividade da agricultura brasileira e as empresas processadoras de grãos declararam que esse assunto deve ser definido pelo mercado. Essas noções de riscos parecem se referir às tradicionais disputas ligadas ao meio rural no país. Em adição, esses grupos de atores colocam no consumidor a responsabilidade por definir os destinos do mercado de transgênicos, com destaque para a importância da rotulagem nessa atribuição. Os consumidores entrevistados, por sua vez, manifestaram uma alta confiança nos órgão governamentais e científicos que aprovam o consumo de alimentos. A maioria afirmou que sabe o que são organismos geneticamente modificados e que os consumiriam. Declararam que os seus medos associados à alimentação se referem à contaminação química e biológica dos alimentos, bem como aos problemas associados a uma má nutrição (excesso de peso, doenças, etc). Contudo, foi verificado que enquanto há uma tentativa por parte das empresas e governo de desmobilizar a participação e desqualificar as opiniões dos consumidores, há uma tentativa das organizações não governamentais e movimentos sociais de politizar seu consumo / Abstract: The introduction and dissemination of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in Brazil have generated numerous political disputes, legal, scientific and economic, that are faced as conflicts over risks. Following the tracks of these disputes, this thesis examines the different notions of risk associated with the use of these organisms for grain processing companies, non-governmental organizations and consumers, interviewed in seven cities. The objective was to understand the characteristics of these notions, discussing it with the analysis of different authors who debate the concept of risk within the social sciences, such as Douglas, Foucault, Giddens, Castel and especially Beck. The analysis showed that there are different notions of risks associated with GM crops, which vary according to the perspective of each stakeholder. Environmental, ethical and health concerns were pointed out, however, socioeconomic issues were highlighted in the interviews. Non-governmental organizations opposed to GM emphasized that their use could generate risks to the maintenance of family farming; the organizations in favor point out that the rejection of these organisms could create risks for the competitiveness of Brazilian agriculture; and grain processing companies stated that this matter must be set on the market. These notions of risk seem to refer to traditional disputes related to rural areas in the country. In addition, those groups of actors believe that the responsibility for setting up the targets within the market of GM products rest upon consumers, highlighting the importance of labeling for this task. In turn, the interviewed consumers expressed high confidence in government and scientific bodies that approve food products for consumption. Most said they know what genetically modified organisms are, and that they would consume them. They stated that their fears associated with food refer to chemical and biological contamination of food, and the problems associated with malnutrition (overweight, diseases, etc.). However, it was found that, while there is an attempt by business and government to demobilize participation and disqualify the opinions of consumers, there is an attempt by non-governmental organizations and social movements to politicize the consumption of GM products / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

The aim of this Master´s Thesis is to analyse the way in which non-governmental organizations approach the use of the internet for fundraising. The Master´s Thesis explores attitudes of non-governmental organizations towards this medium as well as the factors that motivate these organizations to use the internet. In order to achieve the aim the author carried out qualitative research based on semi-structured interview attended by representatives of a total of ten selected non-governmental organizations. The results show that non-governmental organizations use the internet for fundraising, however there are considerable gaps in their effectiveness. Online fundraising does not entail a significant financial source. Non-governmental organizations use the internet mainly to build a relationship with their supporters. Online fundraising is therefore seen as a complement to classic fundraising methods that still dominate in case of Czech non-governmental organizations.

The thesis focuses on the Primary School Nutrition Programme (PSNP), particularly in the Eastern Cape, as a government nutrition and education project, and its failure to achieve its stated goals. The programme experienced problems almost as soon as it was introduced. The press reported incidents of fraud and maladministration and the programme was halted and restarted numerous times. The thesis seeks to offer some insight as to why the government was unable to reach its stated objectives in the implementation phase of the programme. State theory informs the thesis in an attempt to further explain why governments often seem unable to attain their intended goals. The thesis provides an alternative to government development programmes, arguing that NGOs are better equipped to deal with the particular problems that people on the ground experience when dealing with issues like nutritional vulnerability. Operation Hunger provides an excellent case study for how development of this nature ought to occur. The essential argument of the thesis is that there is an inherent tension between what a government's stated intentions is and what, it, in reality, intends to gain from such programmes. It is the contention of this thesis that the Government of National Unity embarked on the PSNP, not to ensure nutritional development for its own sake, but rather to curry favour with its constituents. Operation Hunger, and other organisations like it, provide relief to vulnerable communities with no hidden agenda in mind. Their mandate is solely that they provide assistance. The thesis argues, then, that NGOs have a role in domestic and international politics, that they can make up for or do better, or at least well, things that governments struggle to do.

Magister Artium - MA / This study was aimed at analysing structural relations between the State and the non-governmental organizations (NGO) sector. It focused on the relations between two NGOs, namely the Labour Research Service and the Institute for Democracy in South Africa on the one hand and the National Development Agency on the other. The National Development Agency is a State intermediary structure established to facilitate funding and policy dialogue between the State and the NGO sector. The three institutions have been included in order to analyse the way in which a state-designed institution relates with NGOs and in turn the NGOs responded in general. / South Africa

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study focused on governance and financial sustainability of NGO's in South Africa. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate existing governance and financial arrangements of NGO's, CBO's and CSO's with the view to developing alternative approaches to governance and financial arrangements with specific reference to lessons of experiences for South African NGO's. The secondary objectives of the study were to firstly develop a historical perspective on trends and tendencies of NGO funding in South Africa. / South Africa

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / Many Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) in South Africa are currently under pressure or threat of closure. Although there have been advances in civil society-state relations after the transition from apartheid to democracy, there has also been a steady decline in the number of CSOs in South Africa since 1994. The reasons for this decline are complex and varied. Given the value CSOs make in contributing to a lively democracy, it is important to explore the factors which enhance or undermine resilience in such organisations. This study focuses on understanding resilience among Non-government organisations (as an example of a CSO) in post-apartheid South Africa using Youth For Christ Cape Town as a case study. The site for this study was chosen as YFC Cape Town is arguably one of South Africa's oldest NGOs being formed in 1948. This study aims to, therefore, establish how CSOs in South Africa can ensure resilience and longevity in a complex and evolving political environment by drawing lessons from the selected case study. The elements which have emerged as being important to resilience are (1) Funding; (2) Technical skills; (3) Accessing networks; (4) Adaptation; (5) Core values; (6) Innovation; (7) Leadership. The study found that these factors should not be viewed as isolated elements but rather be seen as integrated developmental framework for ensuring resilience. Another key finding is located around organisational identity. Although adaptation in terms of how the organisation functions are necessary to navigate shifts in the environment, the identity of the organisation should remain the same. Organisations who change their identity amidst shocks and changes within the system are not very resilient while those who don't are.

Although human rights NGOs (HURINGOs) have contributed to the institutionalisation of a human rights culture, the human rights discourse mainly focuses externally on the obligations of states and, more recently, of business. Little attention is paid to how HURINGOs manage their power and privileges within their internal governance, despite NGOs' growing influence, resources, scope and diversity. This thesis offers a theoretical interpretation of the experiences, challenges, dilemmas and lessons learnt by HURINGOs in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa to contribute to the evolving discourse of human rights theory and practice. It adopts a multi-disciplinary approach that articulates the human rights obligations of HURINGOs and their implications for governance, arguing that the improved governance of NGOs is critical to the strengthening of the human rights movement. While upholding the dominant legal liberalism school which underlines that the state is the main human rights duty bearer and legal systems are critical to the enforcement of rights, it utilises the sociology of law discourse that conceptualises human rights as a normative principle to contain abuse of power. Drawing from the rights-based approach which is aimed at holding all actors accountable for the human rights implications of their actions, it evaluates how HURINGOs have applied the human rights principles and standards of: (i) express linkage to and mainstreaming of rights; (ii) accountability and transparency; (iii) participation and inclusion; and (iv) non¬discrimination, equity and empowerment in their governance and operations, as they demand of others. It is the mam contention of this study that HURINGOs have the obligation to empower themselves internally before they can champion the empowerment of others. This entails being knowledgeable in the area of work; forging linkages with broader civil society and academia, building on the positive cultural values that resonate with human rights to stimulate mass support and balancing the different accountabilities to the law, boards, membership, self-regulatory mechanisms, public and donors. Further HURINGO have the obligation to safeguard the autonomy of their mission; have transparent and participatory processes to enhance collective strength, legitimacy and ownership of consensus decisions; as well as promote and demand equal and equitable relationships based on mutual respect, shared responsibility and achievements while simultaneously enabling the weaker party to act on their own. Although a higher responsibility is placed on HURINGOs to respect human rights values, all NGOs irrespective of how they define themselves have to mainstream human rights in their work. This is because all NGOs exist in the public trust and work to promote human dignity and societal wellbeing. They must lead by example. Applying the human rights principles to NGOs enhances their moral legitimacy to measure up to the challenges of being a watchdog of the governance process and custodians of the better promotion and protection of human rights. Significantly, it advances the credibility of human rights to offer protection from any abuse of power. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted