Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-28T16:38:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Olmaro Paulo Mass_.pdf: 1280501 bytes, checksum: 24a42da0cab36557c085f1c099acf2af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-28T16:38:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Olmaro Paulo Mass_.pdf: 1280501 bytes, checksum: 24a42da0cab36557c085f1c099acf2af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-24 / Nenhuma / A presente tese tem por finalidade desenvolver a filosofia como exercício de abertura ao não-idêntico a partir da Dialética Negativa de Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund-Adorno. Além disso, visa compreender as principais contribuições e concepções filosóficas do seu pensamento, destacando a importância da autonomia alicerçada na interdisciplinaridade da teoria crítica. O pensamento de Adorno cobra que a filosofia assuma seu principal papel: o efetivo exercício crítico e uma rigorosa compreensão da realidade por meio do pensamento dialético que preserva em sua essência a negatividade. Esta pesquisa tem, ainda, por objetivo analisar criticamente como se gestou, no seio da sociedade, uma forma de vida banalizada nas diversas formas de violência e administrada sob uma racionalidade técnico-científica que, na concepção de Adorno, possui sua identidade conceitual e sua expressividade na sociedade contemporânea. Os processos de instrumentalização da razão e suas consequências foram desastrosos no decorrer dos séculos XX e XXI: o fim das utopias, a produção da vida danificada exposta ou posta à disposição de um poder que a rege, administra-a e torna-a mero produto de descarte nas estratégias de poder do controle das massas. A filosofia adorniana tem por objetivo dar voz ao pensamento crítico da dialética negativa e, assim, abrir-se ao não conceitual para realizar uma nova experiência filosófica de resistência ao conhecimento instrumentalizado. Assim, o pensamento crítico tem sua expressão na não identidade da negatividade enquanto instrumento para aproximar-se do não conceitual, potencialidade da dialética negativa. / This thesis aims to develop an analysis of philosophy as the exercise of non-identical with the theoretical support of Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund-Adorno. It also seeks to understand the main contributions and philosophical conceptions of thought, highlighting the importance of autonomy grounded in interdisciplinary critical theory. The thought of Adorno requires that philosophy takes its main role: the actual critical exercise and a thorough understanding of reality by means of dialectical thinking that preserves in its essence the negativity. This research has also aims to analyze critically how it developed, within society, a form of banal life in the various forms of violence and administered in a technical-scientific rationality that, in the design of Adorno, has its conceptual identity and expression in contemporary society. The process of the instrumentalization of reason and its consequences were disastrous over the centuries XX and XXI: the end of utopias, the production of damaged life exposed or made available to a power that governs, manages it and becomes a mere product disposal in power strategies of control of the masses. The Adornian philosophy aims to give voice to the critical thinking of negative dialectics and thus be open to non-conceptual to make a new philosophical experience of resistance instrumentalized knowledge. Thus, critical thinking has its expression in the non-identity of negativity as a tool to approach the non-conceptual, the potential negative dialectics.

This thesis aims to implement a combination of Linear Programming Column Generation and a Large Neighbourhood Search heuristic to solve scheduling problems. The resulting method is named Integer Programming Column Search (IPCS). For computational evaluation, the IPCS method is applied to the problem Prize-Collecting Job Sequencing with One Common and Multiple Secondary Resources generalised to parallel identical machines. The interest of combining exact procedures with heuristic approaches is quickly growing since scheduling problems have many and complex real-world applications. Most of these problems are NP-hard and therefore very challenging to solve. By using a combination of heuristic strategies and exact procedures, it can be possible to find high-quality solutions to such problems within an acceptable time horizon. The IPCS method uses a greedy integer programming column generating problem introduced in a previous work. This problem is designed to generate columns that are useful in near-optimal integer solutions. A difference to previously introduced method is that we here build a master problem, an Integer Programming Column Search Master (IPCS-Master). This is used to update the dual solution that is provided to the greedy integer programming column generating problem. The computational performance of the IPCS method is evaluated on instances with 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 jobs. The result shows that the combined design encourage the generation of columns that benefit the search of near-optimal integer solutions. The introduction of an IPCS-Master, which is used to update the dual variable values, generally leads to fewer pricing problem iterations than when no master problem is used.

Si la consommation revêt des facettes utilitaires et symboliques, cette thèse confirme l’importance de sa dimension complémentaire culturelle en cherchant à comprendre en profondeur ce que les consommatrices françaises de parents maghrébins vivent à travers leurs expériences de consommation ethnique. Cette recherche met en évidence le concept d’inhibition interculturelle qui se manifeste chez ces jeunes femmes, et la manière dont il influence leur consommation. A cette fin, la thèse mobilise une littérature pluridisciplinaire, principalement issue des sciences de la médecine, de la psychologie, de la sociologie et du marketing. Une typologie des consommatrices immigrées maghrébines de la deuxième génération est réalisée au spectre des trois grandes modifications sociales et individuelles engendrées par l’avènement de la consommation ethnique : l’inhibition, les stratégies identitaires et les nouvelles formes de sociabilité. La recherche est interprétative, et mobilise plusieurs méthodes dont, en particulier, les récits de vie (ainsi que la netnographie et les collages projectifs). Les données font d’abord l’objet d’une analyse structurale puis d’une analyse comparative. Enfin, des recommandations sont formulées pour les chercheurs et les praticiens. / Consumption is not only utilitarian but symbolical indeed cultural, this dissertation explains in depth what French young women from Maghreb feels in their ethnic consumer experiences. This research highlights and defines the concept of intercultural inhibition arising at these young women and how it influences their consumption. This research proposes a typology of the inhibited immigrants consumer from the second generation based on a great social and personal changes brought by the advent of ethnic consumption: the question of inhibition, the identity strategies and new forms of sociability. The research is interpretative and involves different methods including life stories, netnography and projective collages. They are analysed by a structural analysis and comparative analysis. In addition, the dissertation engages multidisciplinary literature, mainly based on medicine, psychologies, sociology and marketing. Finally, recommendations are made for researchers and managers.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents three evolutionary strategies to solve the problem of scheduling a given set of n jobs to m identical parallel machines with the objective of minimizing makespan. There is a sequence dependent setup times. We also compares our method with two other well succeeded heuristics, one is a tabu search based heuristic and the second is a memetic approach, which combines a population-based method with local search procedures. As benchmarks for smallsized instances, optimal values are used provide by a dichotomous search. For larger instances, the comparisons try to show the robust behavior in solution quality as well as in computational effort of our evolutionary strategy. / Este trabalho propõe três estratégias evolutivas para resolver o problema de seqüenciamento de n tarefas em m máquinas paralelas idênticas, buscando minimizar o tempo máximo de finalização (makespan). São considerados tempos de preparação dependentes da seqüência. Os métodos propostos são comparados com outras duas heurísticas de qualidade comprovada, uma baseada em Busca Tabu e outra baseada em Algoritmos Meméticos. Para algumas instâncias de pequeno porte, comparações são feitas com o valor ótimo obtido através de uma busca dicotômica. Para instâncias maiores, as comparações demonstram a robustez e a boa qualidade das soluções encontradas pelas estratégias evolutivas através da comparação com as outras heurísticas.

A presente pesquisa, de cunho teórico-bibliográfico, tem por objeto a posição filosófica de Adorno relacionada à possibilidade de emancipação. Pode-se constatar na Dialética da Aufklärung que a emancipação pretendida pelo pensamento do século XVIII aquela que prometeu progresso no conhecimento da natureza, aperfeiçoamento moral, emancipação social não se concretizou, pode-se também encontrar elementos que sustentariam ainda a busca por uma emancipação autêntica. Apesar de constante e justificada dúvida quanto ao ideal iluminista de emancipação através da razão, Adorno e Horkheimer parecem ainda confiar, de certo modo, na racionalidade. É esse certo modo o alvo da análise. Assim, temse como objetivo investigar as posições teóricas de Adorno quanto ao significado e às condições de possibilidade da emancipação humana, bem como investigar até que ponto a educação, a formação cultural e a experiência, realizando tais condições, poderiam contribuir para tal emancipação. Nesse sentido, questiona-se tanto o conceito adorniano de educação, em sua busca pela produção de uma consciência verdadeira, como o de formação cultural, enquanto a cultura tomada pelo lado de sua apropriação subjetiva, assim como o de experiência, como continuidade da consciência em que perdura o ainda não existente, que deságua, por fim, no de elaboração do passado, uma vez que o passado é uma experiência única. Para tanto, a pesquisa fundamenta-se nas próprias categorias da tradição filosófica da modernidade européia, assumidas e reelaboradas por Adorno e Horkheimer na constituição da Teoria Crítica. Tem-se, como principal base teórica, a Dialética da Aufklärung, escrita em conjunto com Horkheimer; os escritos desse sobre a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade; o livro Educação e Emancipação; bem como o ensaio Teoria da Semiformação, ambos de autoria de Adorno. Assim sendo, como metodologia optou-se pela leitura, análise e interpretação de fontes primárias do pensamento adorniano, com destaque para os textos supracitados e pela leitura e estudo de fontes secundárias com vistas a colher subsídios para a compreensão e explicação das posições de Adorno. A conclusão a que se chegou é que Adorno admite e considera possível, apesar de muito difícil e bastante improvável, outra emancipação. A educação e a formação cultural, através de um processo intenso, ininterrupto e infatigável de autoreflexão, poderiam refazer a possibilidade que no presente momento encontra-se obstruída de realização da experiência, contribuindo então para essa emancipação da humanidade. Ou seja, tal efetivação tem como pressuposto uma educação e uma formação cultural, reelaboradas a partir de sua própria autoreflexão. Sendo tanto a educação quanto a formação cultural dimensões do social, sua potencialidade é limitada, daí uma possível contribuição. A efetivação de uma emancipação autêntica dependeria de uma profunda transformação do todo social. / This research presents a bibliographic theoretical approach and assesses Adornos philosophical position regarding the possibility of emancipation. It is clear in the Dialektik der Aufklärung that the emancipation intended by the 18th-century thinking the one that promised progress in nature knowledge, moral improvement and social emancipation did not materialize, and that only some elements which would sustain a search for an authentic emancipation are present. Although there are doubts regarding the illuminist ideal of emancipation through reason, Adorno and Horkheimer keep their trust, to a certain point, in rationality. This certain point is the target of the analysis. The aim is to investigate Adornos theoretical position towards the possibility, meaning and conditions of human emancipation, and also to consider to what extent education, cultural formation and experience, fulfilling these conditions, contribute to such emancipation. In this sense, Adornos concept of education, searching the production of a true conscience, the cultural formation concept as the culture taken by its subjective appropriation, and the experience concept as the continuity of conscience in which the nonexistent lasts, are questioned, leading to the working through of the past concept, once the past is a unique experience. The research is based on the very own categories of the European philosophical tradition that Adorno and Horkheimer took and re-elaborated when constituting the Society Critical Theory. The main theoretical base is the Dialektik der Aufklärung, written together with Horkheimer; Horkheimers writings about the Society Critical Theory; the book Education and Emancipation; and the essay Theory of Self-Formation, the last two written by Adorno. As methodology were used reading, analysis and interpretation of Adornos thinking, the primary sources named above, and secondary sources that aim at supplementing the comprehension and explanations of Adornos positions. The conclusion is that Adorno admits and sees another emancipation as possible although very hard and unlikely. Education and cultural formation, through an intense, constant and restless self-thinking process, could bring the possibility that is now obstructed of realizing the experience, contributing therefore to humankinds emancipation. In conclusion, such a realization supposes education and cultural formation, re-elaborated from their own thinking. Because education and cultural formation are both social dimensions, the potential for emancipation is limited, therefore there is a possible contribution. The concretization of an authentic emancipation would require a profound transformation of the entire social order.

<p>The domestication of the pig began about 9 000 years ago and many of the existing domestic breeds have been selected for phenotypic traits like lean meat and fast growth. Domestic pigs are phenotypically very different from the ancestral wild boar that has adapted to survive in their natural environment. Because of their divergence, crosses between domestic pigs and wild boars are suitable for constructing genetic maps and Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses. A cross between the Large White and the European wild boar was thus initiated in the late 1980s. A major QTL for fat deposition and growth, denoted <i>FAT1</i>, was found on chromosome 4. The aim of this thesis was to further characterise the <i>FAT1</i> locus and to identify the causative gene(s) and mutation(s). We have identified new markers and constructed a high-resolution linkage and RH map of the <i>FAT1</i> QTL interval. We also performed comparative mapping to the human genome and showed that the pig chromosome 4 is homologous to human chromosomes 1 and 8. The gene order is very well conserved between the two species. In parallel we have narrowed down the <i>FAT1</i> QTL interval by repeated backcrossing to the domestic Large White breed for six generations. The QTL could be confirmed for fatness but not for growth. Furthermore, the data strongly suggested that there might be more than one gene underlying the <i>FAT1</i> QTL. Depending on which hypothesis to consider, the one- or two-loci model, the <i>FAT1</i> interval can be reduced to 3,3 or 20 centiMorgan (cM), respectively, based on the backcross experiments. In the last study we confirm the two-loci model with one locus primarily effecting abdominal fat and another locus primarily effecting subcutaneous fat. We have identified a missense mutation in the <i>RXRG</i> gene which is in strong association with the abdominal fat QTL and the mutation is a potential candidate for that locus.</p><p>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specific type of fat essential for non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals. Piglets appear to lack BAT and rely on shivering as the main mechanism for thermoregulation. Uncoupling protein 1 (<i>UCP1</i>) gene is exclusively expressed in BAT and its physiological role is to generate heat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. We show that the <i>UCP1</i> gene has been disrupted in the pig lineage about 20 years ago. The inactivation of <i>UCP1</i> provides a genetic explanation for the poor thermoregulation in piglets. </p>

The domestication of the pig began about 9 000 years ago and many of the existing domestic breeds have been selected for phenotypic traits like lean meat and fast growth. Domestic pigs are phenotypically very different from the ancestral wild boar that has adapted to survive in their natural environment. Because of their divergence, crosses between domestic pigs and wild boars are suitable for constructing genetic maps and Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses. A cross between the Large White and the European wild boar was thus initiated in the late 1980s. A major QTL for fat deposition and growth, denoted FAT1, was found on chromosome 4. The aim of this thesis was to further characterise the FAT1 locus and to identify the causative gene(s) and mutation(s). We have identified new markers and constructed a high-resolution linkage and RH map of the FAT1 QTL interval. We also performed comparative mapping to the human genome and showed that the pig chromosome 4 is homologous to human chromosomes 1 and 8. The gene order is very well conserved between the two species. In parallel we have narrowed down the FAT1 QTL interval by repeated backcrossing to the domestic Large White breed for six generations. The QTL could be confirmed for fatness but not for growth. Furthermore, the data strongly suggested that there might be more than one gene underlying the FAT1 QTL. Depending on which hypothesis to consider, the one- or two-loci model, the FAT1 interval can be reduced to 3,3 or 20 centiMorgan (cM), respectively, based on the backcross experiments. In the last study we confirm the two-loci model with one locus primarily effecting abdominal fat and another locus primarily effecting subcutaneous fat. We have identified a missense mutation in the RXRG gene which is in strong association with the abdominal fat QTL and the mutation is a potential candidate for that locus. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specific type of fat essential for non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals. Piglets appear to lack BAT and rely on shivering as the main mechanism for thermoregulation. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene is exclusively expressed in BAT and its physiological role is to generate heat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. We show that the UCP1 gene has been disrupted in the pig lineage about 20 years ago. The inactivation of UCP1 provides a genetic explanation for the poor thermoregulation in piglets.

KISS (Kinematic Support System) is a locally developed gait analysis system at Middle East Technical University (METU), and the performance of the system was evaluated before as a whole. However, such evaluations do not differentiate between the efficacy of the data acquisition system and the model-based gait analysis methodology. In this thesis, kinematic results of the KISS system will be compared with those of the Ankara University based commercial VICON (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK) system, in view of evaluating the performance of data acquisition system and the gait analysis methodology separately. This study is expected to provide guidelines for future developments on the KISS system.

KISS (Kinematic Support System) is a locally developed gait analysis system at Middle East Technical University (METU), and the performance of the system was evaluated before as a whole. However, such evaluations do not differentiate between the efficacy of the data acquisition system and the model-based gait analysis methodology. In this thesis, kinematic results of the KISS system will be compared with those of the Ankara University based commercial VICON (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK) system, in view of evaluating the performance of data acquisition system and the gait analysis methodology separately. This study is expected to provide guidelines for future developments on the KISS system.

The Customs Value is the tax base for import taxes, defined in the Valuation Agreement of the WTO as the transaction value, the price actually paid or payable for the goods. However, the price agreed between related companies can be unacceptable, since they could be fixed to take advantage of tax environments where they are. Nonetheless, the relationship is not always a factor in determining the price, which can be tested by a Study of Transfer Pricing (for customs purposes) to develop the comparative method with respect to transactions between two unrelated companies under identical or similar conditions, contained in Andean Community Resolution 1684, providing evidence to apply the following procedures:a) Analysis of the Circumstances of the Sale, or b) Using a Criterion Value. / El Valor en aduanas es la base imponible para los tributos a la importación, definido en el Acuerdo de Valoración de la OMC como el valor de transacción, es decir, el precio realmente pagado o por pagar por las mercancías. Sin embargo, el precio pactado entre empresas vinculadas podría no aceptarse, dado que podrían fijarse de manera que puedan sacar ventajas de los entornos fiscales donde se encuentran. Sin perjuicio de ello, la vinculación no siempre es un factor de determinación del precio, lo cual se puede probar mediante un Estudio de Precios de Transferencia (para efectos aduaneros) que desarrolle el procedimiento comparativo respecto de operaciones entre dos empresas no vinculadas en condiciones iguales o similares, contenido en la Resolución 1684 de la CAN, aportando pruebas que permitan aplicar los siguientes procedimientos: a) Análisis de las Circunstancias de la Venta, o b) Utilización de un Valor Criterio.