Graduate / 0485

Graduate / 0485

The objective of the research is to develop a user friendly framework for an internet GIS (Geographic Information Systems) application. The study aims at providing a map with GIS capabilities without requiring the clients (users of the website) having to install ArcGIS (a product of ESRI) software on their personal computers along with the facility to download hydrological data. It also aims at providing a methodology to synthesize data in case of data gaps. High resolution data was collected in a small watershed in west Central Florida to measure hydrologic storages and fluxes during 2001-2004. Meteorological, surface and groundwater data were collected at 5 to 10 minute intervals. A watershed database was constructed using Microsoft Access and was normalized to 3NF (third Normalization Form) for easy update. The databases available do not involve user-friendly tools to map data collection locations or to facilitate interactive delivery of data. In many fields like hydrology, it is important to provide spatial location of the data points with the data. In addition there is also a need for one platform wherein various user communities (students, planners, hydrologists etc) can be served. Thus there is a need for an online user-friendly environment, which allows for interactive delivery of data along with mapping and spatial analysis. To address this need an ArcIMS website was constructed. It includes ortho-photography of the site, which can be overlaid with the shapefile of the data locations thus giving the user reference orientation of the data locations. The user is allowed to download data in the form of text files based on the required temporal resolution and date ranges. Furthermore, users are provided with valuable data sets to parameterize or test hydrologic models applied to west-central Florida conditions. The website has a feature to generate synthetic data using linear correlation in cases where data are unavailable for the requested period of time. The website also serves the dual role of providing accessible surface and groundwater information to the public. It can also be used as a desktop geographic work tool for engineers, planners and developers, to help better understand the surface water, vadose zone and groundwater interaction. Hence this website is useful not only for professional hydrologists but also for graduate research.

Agrivoltaic system combines solar energy and agriculture which is an effective way to utilize the lands full potential. Crops can be grown between vertical panels or under tilted panels among other designs. Combining solar panels and agriculture leads to optimization of space. This degree project evaluates a comparison of several parameters measured both in a vertical agrivoltaic system and a reference control plot located in Kärrbo Prästgård, Västerås, Sweden. Specifically, the correlation between the ground albedo and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) under the two treatments are investigated. Correlations between the albedo and the NDVI against different weather parameters are also explored. Linear regression models are developed separately for the albedo and NDVI with the most correlated parameters. In addition, because the albedo in the reference is not the same as the albedo in the agrivoltaic system, a linear regression model linking the albedo of the agrivoltaic system, and the albedo of the reference system is further developed. With this latter model, power production from the vertical agrivoltaic system is simulated under different albedo considerations: using measured albedo from the agrivoltaic system, using predicted albedo from the linear regression model, and using measured albedo from the reference system. These power estimations are then compared to the real power production from the agrivoltaic system. The study employs MATLAB for data analysis, models development and power production simulations.   The study compared the correlation between ground albedo and NDVI in an agrivoltaic system and a control plot. The albedo model revealed that the reference system could explain 87% of the albedo variance in the agrivoltaic system, but the NDVI model showed that the reference system could only account for 39.6% of the variation in the agrivoltaic system. Furthermore, for the power production comparison, using the actual measured albedo in the agrivoltaic showed the most accurate power, employing predicted albedo through the linear regression model showed the second highest and using the albedo measured in the reference showed the least accurate.

Econometric and predictive modeling techniques are two popular forecasting techniques. Both ofthese techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. In this thesis some econometricmodels are considered and compared to predictive models using sales data for five products fromICA a Swedish retail wholesaler. The econometric models considered are regression model,exponential smoothing, and ARIMA model. The predictive models considered are artificialneural network (ANN) and ensemble of neural networks. Evaluation metrics used for thecomparison are: MAPE, WMAPE, MAE, RMSE, and linear correlation. The result of this thesisshows that artificial neural network is more accurate in forecasting sales of product. But it doesnot differ too much from linear regression in terms of accuracy. Therefore the linear regressionmodel which has the advantage of being comprehensible can be used as an alternative to artificialneural network. The results also show that the use of several metrics contribute in evaluatingmodels for forecasting sales. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

Même si les anticorps sont plus connus pour leur capacité à neutraliser les agents infectieux en se liant aux antigènes via leurs paratopes, leurs fragments cristallisables (Fc) sont aussi impliqués dans la signalisation des réponses immunitaires en se liant à des récepteurs spécifiques. Les interactions entre les récepteurs et les anticorps sont reconnues pour être affectées par la glycosylation des anticorps. Pour observer la cinétique de telles interactions biologiques, une des méthodes les plus utilisées est la spectroscopie de résonance des plasmons de surface (SPR). La synthèse et l’analyse, via SPR, d’anticorps en laboratoire sont un procédé long et exigeant si toutes les étapes sont réalisées manuellement. La possibilité d’effectuer le couplage d’un appareil SPR commercial à un bioréacteur pourrait être envisagée, mais le coût d’achat et d’opération d’un tel appareil SPR limiterait l’utilité d’un tel projet pour une possible utilisation à plus grande échelle. C’est pourquoi le couplage d’un appareil SPR de faible coût et d’un bioréacteur serait avantageux. Cela permettrait de superviser la synthèse des anticorps et leur affinité au récepteur en temps ‘’réel’’. Ce mémoire de maîtrise explorera le développement de deux des composantes nécessaires pour la réalisation de ce couplage entre le SPR et un bioréacteur, soit la chimie de surface pour passiver le capteur SPR et un algorithme d’optimisation par nuée de particules (Particles swarm Optimisation) évolutive. L’algorithme réalisera une corrélation du signal obtenue d’un instrument P4-SPR aux équations cinétiques décrivant les interactions entre les anticorps et leurs récepteurs dans le but d’obtenir les constantes cinétiques et thermodynamiques (Kd,kon,koff). De plus, ce mémoire présentera une étude qui a été réalisée afin de minimiser l’adsorption non spécifique des molécules composant le biocapteur et maximiser le signal de l’anticorps Trastuzumab (TZM), utilisé dans le couplage de l’instrument P4-SPR au bioréacteur, sur des monocouches de composition variée. / While antibodies are best known to help the neutralization of pathogens by binding to the antigens with their paratope, their crystallizable fragment region (Fc region) is also used to trigger immune response by binding to specific receptors. Interactions between receptors and antibodies are known to be affected by the glycosylation the antibodies. To observe the kinetic of those interactions, one of the favored method is surface plasmon resonance (SPR). However, a substantial time may have elapsed between synthesis of a modified antibody and its test in a SPR apparatus as the two are not coupled and oftentimes in different laboratories. The coupling of a SPR and a bioreactor would accelerate the process, but using a commercial instrument would limit it usefulness due to the high price and high cost of use of these SPR instruments. This is why the coupling of a low-cost SPR to a bioreactor is of interesting in the context of glycosylated antibody production. This could permit to monitor the synthesis of the antibody and it affinity to the target receptor in near real time. This masters’ thesis will show the development of two of the essential components, consisting in the surface chemistry to passivate the SPR chip and an algorithm using an evolving PSO (Particles Swarm Optimisation), to estimate kinetic and thermodynamics constants (Kd,kon,koff) by correlating the signal obtained of a P4-SPR instrument to the kinetic and thermodynamics equations describing the interactions between antibodies and their receptors. The thesis also presents the results of the tests while trying to minimize nonspecific adsorption of the molecules used for the biosensor on multiple self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and maximize signal of the antibody named Trastuzumab (TZM) and used in the coupling of the P4-SPR to the bioreactor.

Variabilidade climática é um sistema complexo gerado pela participação de diversos atores e sua atuação na dinâmica atmosférica, a (TSM) Temperatura da Superfície do Mar tem papel fundamental de influencia nas diversas características dos índices climáticos: Southern Hemisphere Anular Mode Index (SAM), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), El Nino / Oscilação Sul (ENSO), (TNA) Tropical North Atlantic Index, (PDO) Pacific Decada Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO). Os Índices com variações climáticas e suas implicações, possuem um espectro de atuação e formação do clima, que se inicia nos macro-sistemas através de suas influências extraterrestres, pelos períodos de atividade solar e outros, que nos convidam a buscar um melhor entendimento sobre o clima e suas forças resultantes. Portanto essa é uma pesquisa simplista, procura demonstrar os entes envolvidos nos processos de variabilidade climática, realçando muito mais o papel dos oceanos e sua influencia de correlação sobre os regimes fluviométricos, estimando definir também a sua grande importância e um melhor entendimento do ciclo hidrológico da escala espaço-temporal na região da bacia Amazônica, partindo de uma leitura do sistema atmosférico e sua influencia dinâmica resultante sobre o ciclo hidrológico. A pesquisa adquiriu através da (ANA) Agencia Nacional de Águas os dados de vazão fluvial dos rios Solimões/Amazonas e Negro, e junto ao Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division da NOAA, foram adquiridos os valores de TSM e Índices climáticos, já para os dados de precipitação foram solicitados junto Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC/INPE). Todos estes dados foram tratados em processamento no Software GrADS e ainda compilados em FORTRAN, para a analise estatística através de (R) Analise e Planejamento de Experimentos, para fornecer os dados de correlação linear, Test-t e regressão linear com o objetivo de sustentar e apoiar a analise dos resultados que possam prognosticar a partir da defasagem entre as variáveis TSM e o comportamento resultante da vazão fluvial. / Climate variability is a complex system generated by the participation of various actors and their role in atmospheric dynamics, the Sea Surface Temperature(SST) plays a key role in influencing the several features of the climate indexes: Southern Hemisphere Cancel Index Mode (SAM), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), El Nino / Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (TNA) Tropical North Atlantic Index (PDO) Pacific Decade Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO). The climate changes indexes and their implications have a spectrum in the activity and formation of the climate, which begins in macro-systems through their extraterrestrial influences, during periods of solar activity and others, who urges us to search a better understanding of the climate and its resultant forces. Therefore, this is a simplistic research, seeking to show the entities involved in the climate variability processes, emphasizing much more the role of the oceans and its influence on the fluvial routines correlation, and estimating also define a major and also a better understanding of the hydrological cycle spatiotemporal scale in the region of the Amazon basin, starting from a reading of the atmospheric system and its resulting dynamic influence on the hydrological cycle, acquired through this research (ANA) National Water Agency data flow of the rivers Solimões / Amazonas and Negro River, and with the Earth System Research Laboratory - Physical Sciences Division of NOAA, which acquired values of SST and climate indexes. The precipitation data was requested from Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC / INPE). All these data were processed in the processing software GrADS and also compiled in FORTRAN for statistical analysis using (R) - Analysis and Design of Experiments, to provide data for linear correlation, T-test and linear regression in order to sustain and support the analysis of the results which could predict from the discrepancy between the SST variables and the resulting conduct of river flow.

Variabilidade climática é um sistema complexo gerado pela participação de diversos atores e sua atuação na dinâmica atmosférica, a (TSM) Temperatura da Superfície do Mar tem papel fundamental de influencia nas diversas características dos índices climáticos: Southern Hemisphere Anular Mode Index (SAM), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), El Nino / Oscilação Sul (ENSO), (TNA) Tropical North Atlantic Index, (PDO) Pacific Decada Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO). Os Índices com variações climáticas e suas implicações, possuem um espectro de atuação e formação do clima, que se inicia nos macro-sistemas através de suas influências extraterrestres, pelos períodos de atividade solar e outros, que nos convidam a buscar um melhor entendimento sobre o clima e suas forças resultantes. Portanto essa é uma pesquisa simplista, procura demonstrar os entes envolvidos nos processos de variabilidade climática, realçando muito mais o papel dos oceanos e sua influencia de correlação sobre os regimes fluviométricos, estimando definir também a sua grande importância e um melhor entendimento do ciclo hidrológico da escala espaço-temporal na região da bacia Amazônica, partindo de uma leitura do sistema atmosférico e sua influencia dinâmica resultante sobre o ciclo hidrológico. A pesquisa adquiriu através da (ANA) Agencia Nacional de Águas os dados de vazão fluvial dos rios Solimões/Amazonas e Negro, e junto ao Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division da NOAA, foram adquiridos os valores de TSM e Índices climáticos, já para os dados de precipitação foram solicitados junto Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC/INPE). Todos estes dados foram tratados em processamento no Software GrADS e ainda compilados em FORTRAN, para a analise estatística através de (R) Analise e Planejamento de Experimentos, para fornecer os dados de correlação linear, Test-t e regressão linear com o objetivo de sustentar e apoiar a analise dos resultados que possam prognosticar a partir da defasagem entre as variáveis TSM e o comportamento resultante da vazão fluvial. / Climate variability is a complex system generated by the participation of various actors and their role in atmospheric dynamics, the Sea Surface Temperature(SST) plays a key role in influencing the several features of the climate indexes: Southern Hemisphere Cancel Index Mode (SAM), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), El Nino / Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (TNA) Tropical North Atlantic Index (PDO) Pacific Decade Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO). The climate changes indexes and their implications have a spectrum in the activity and formation of the climate, which begins in macro-systems through their extraterrestrial influences, during periods of solar activity and others, who urges us to search a better understanding of the climate and its resultant forces. Therefore, this is a simplistic research, seeking to show the entities involved in the climate variability processes, emphasizing much more the role of the oceans and its influence on the fluvial routines correlation, and estimating also define a major and also a better understanding of the hydrological cycle spatiotemporal scale in the region of the Amazon basin, starting from a reading of the atmospheric system and its resulting dynamic influence on the hydrological cycle, acquired through this research (ANA) National Water Agency data flow of the rivers Solimões / Amazonas and Negro River, and with the Earth System Research Laboratory - Physical Sciences Division of NOAA, which acquired values of SST and climate indexes. The precipitation data was requested from Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC / INPE). All these data were processed in the processing software GrADS and also compiled in FORTRAN for statistical analysis using (R) - Analysis and Design of Experiments, to provide data for linear correlation, T-test and linear regression in order to sustain and support the analysis of the results which could predict from the discrepancy between the SST variables and the resulting conduct of river flow.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to verify the existence of linear relationships among phenological, morphological and productive characters of maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) of early and veryearly cycle and transgenic class and also to identify which characters have high correlation and direct effects on grain productivity. Six experiments were performed with early and veryearly and transgenic maize cultivars in the growing seasons 2009-2010 and 2010-2011, in the experimental area of the Department of Plant Science, of Federal University of Santa Maria. In the 2009-2010 harvest were evaluated 36 early cultivars, 22 veryearly and 18 transgenic and 2010-2011 harvest, 23 early, 9 veryearly and 27 transgenic. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experimental unit consisted of two rows of five meters in length, spaced at 0,80 m. The seeding rate was adjusted to 62,500 plants ha-1. In each experimental unit it were tagged, randomized, three plants, and it were evaluated 15 characters of each one. The average of these three plants was the value of repetition. It were evaluated phenological (total number of leaves per plant (NFO), phyllochron estimated with the number of expanded leaves(FNFE), phyllochron estimated with the total number of leaves (FNTF) in ° C day leaf-1, the number of days of seeding until male flowering (FM) and number of days of seeding until female flowering (FF)), morphological (plant height (PH) and ear insertion height (AE), in cm) and productive (ear weight (PE), in g, number of kernel rows per ear (NFI), ear length (CE), in cm, ear diameter (DE), in mm, cob weight (PS), in g, cob diameter (DS), in mm, hundred kernel weight (MCG), in g, and grain productivity (PRO) in g ear-1) characters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and the means of the cultivars were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The linear correlation coefficients of Pearson among 15 evaluated characters were estimated for each experiment. For the path analysis, the PRO was considered the main character and the other characters were considered explanatory ones. It was accomplished multicollinearity diagnosis in the correlation matrix among the explanatory characters and the characters causing high degree of multicollinearity were eliminated. The direct and indirect effects on the PRO were estimated using path analysis and the verification of characters that influence PRO and their contribution in predicting the PRO were estimated by stepwise regression analysis. There are linear relationships among the phenological, morphological and productive characters maize plants. The characters PE and DE showed linear correlation coefficients of Pearson very strong (r≥0,97) and moderate to strong (0,55≤r≤0,78), respectively, with the PRO. In general, the character DE has high correlation and positive direct effects (0,6686 ≤ direct effect ≤ 1,1818) on the PRO. Allied to DE, the CE has a high positive contribution in predicting the PRO. Therefore, they can be used for indirect selection in maize breeding programs. / Este estudo teve como objetivos verificar a existência de relações lineares entre caracteres fenológicos, morfológicos e produtivos de cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.) de ciclos precoce e superprecoce e classe transgênica, e identificar quais caracteres possuem elevada correlação e efeitos diretos sobre a produtividade de grãos. Para isso, foram conduzidos seis experimentos com cultivares precoces, superprecoces e transgênicas de milho, nas safras agrícolas 2009-2010 e 2010-2011, na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Na safra 2009-2010 foram avaliadas 36 cultivares precoces, 22 superprecoces e 18 transgênicas e na safra 2010-2011, 23 precoces, 9 superprecoces e 27 transgênicas. Nos seis experimentos, o delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas de duas filas de cinco metros de comprimento, espaçadas em 0,80m. A densidade de semeadura foi ajustada para 62.500 plantas ha-1. Em cada unidade experimental foram marcadas, aleatoriamente, três plantas, onde foram avaliados 15 caracteres. A média dessas três plantas constituiu o valor da repetição. Foram avaliados os caracteres fenológicos (número total de folhas por planta (NFO), filocrono estimado com número de expandidas (FNFE), filocrono estimado com o número total de folhas (FNTF), em °C dia folha-1, número de dias da semeadura até o florescimento masculino (FM) e número de dias da semeadura até o florescimento feminino (FF)), morfológicos (altura de planta (AP) e altura de inserção de espiga (AE), em cm) e produtivos (peso de espiga (PE), em g, número de fileiras de grãos por espiga (NFI), comprimento de espiga (CE), em cm, diâmetro de espiga (DE), em mm, peso de sabugo (PS), em g, diâmetro de sabugo (DS), em mm, massa de cem grãos (MCG), em g, e produtividade de grãos (PRO), em g espiga-1). Foi realizada análise de variância individual e as médias das cultivares foram comparadas por meio do teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Posteriormente, foram estimados, para cada experimento, os coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson entre os 15 caracteres avaliados. Para a análise de trilha, a PRO foi considerada o caractere principal e os demais explicativos. Foi realizado o diagnóstico de multicolinearidade na matriz de correlação entre os caracteres explicativos e eliminados os caracteres causadores de alto grau de multicolinearidade. Os efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre a PRO foram estimados por meio de análise de trilha e a verificação dos caracteres que influenciam a PRO e a contribuição deles na predição da PRO foram estimados por meio de análise de regressão stepwise. Existem relações lineares entre os caracteres fenológicos, morfológicos e produtivos de plantas milho. Os caracteres PE e DE possuem coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson fortíssimos (r≥0,97) e moderados a fortes (0,55≤r≤0,78), respectivamente, com a PRO. De maneira geral, o caractere DE possui elevada correlação e efeitos diretos (0,6686 ≤ efeito direto ≤ 1,1818) positivos sobre a PRO. Aliado ao DE, o CE possui elevada contribuição positiva na predição da PRO. Portanto, podem ser utilizados para seleção indireta em programas de melhoramento genético de milho.

The concept of accessibility has in recent years been more used in urban planning, where access to urban services and attractive places, such as green areas, is desirable. In a rapidly growing city region like Stockholm, accessibility is especially important in order to provide an attractive and sustainable region. Several studies have supported the positive correlation between green areas, human well- being and sustaining a good quality of life. However, it is rather the qualities possessed by a green area that is attractive and not necessarily the space itself. Moreover, access to green areas is considered to affect the property values and can further indicate whether a green area quality is demanded or not since it may differ depending on the green area type and its quality. Although studies concerning accessibility to green areas and the correlation to property values already have been conducted to some extent for Stockholm, the combination of qualitative green areas have not been extensively researched for the entire region with a network analysis approach. The purpose of this study is to measure the accessibility to green area qualities within the Stockholm region and further assess whether the measured distances correlate with the property values within the region. In this thesis, four green area qualities are selected, based on experience values, which are: Spacious, Quietness, Parks and Protected areas for biodiversity. These green area qualities are considered to contribute to individual’s quality of life, but for their usefulness from a regional planning perspective, a combination of different qualities could have been more attractive. The access is further measured from each dwelling in the Stockholm region to these green area qualities, via the pedestrian road network, for different geographical divisions within the region. These four divisions are: Archipelago areas, Urban countryside areas, Countryside areas and Urban areas. The accessibility analysis is conducted by using a GIS-based network analysis. The correlation between the measured distances and the property values per area is determined by using the Pearson correlation method. The results show that the access to spacious green areas generally is at least good in the entire region, while the access to quietness and protected areas for biodiversity generally is poor. The access to parks is only measured for Urban areas, due to limited mapping, and the results show that a majority have at least good access. Also, the results show that dwellings generally have best access to spacious green areas, while they have poorest access to quietness within the entire region. Dwellings located in the outer parts of the Urban areas had poorer access to Parks than in the more central areas. Moreover, the results indicate that there are differences in access for different geographical divisions within the region and it can be concluded that Urban areas have generally poorer access than the more rural areas. It is found that all different datasets have a positive correlation between the measured distance and the property values per areal, which means that dwellings located far away from these green area qualities have higher property values. The exceptions were for the green area quality: Parks, in Urban areas, and the green area quality: Protected areas for biodiversity, in Urban countryside areas, which instead had a negative correlation. Basically, this means that these dwellings located close to parks in Urban areas and close to protected areas for biodiversity in Urban countryside areas have higher property values. The study further shows that the correlation between all datasets is weak. These weak correlations are however assumed to be affected by other location factors that may have directly opposite correlations to these green area qualities, such as access to the city center, public transport and other urban services. However, all correlations in this study are found to be statistically significant, which mean it can be concluded that a true correlation exists, although it is weak. For the statistical results to be more useful from a regional planning perspective, other location factors could be analyzed as well, in order to get a better understanding of the statistical results. Finally, the results from both the accessibility analysis and the statistical analysis can be used as a basis for future planning and as a spatial decision support to sustain a good quality of life within the Stockholm region. / Konceptet tillgänglighet har under de senaste åren använts mer frekvent inom stadsplanering, där tillgänglighet till urban service och attraktiva platser, så som grönområden, är önskvärt. I en snabbt växande stadsregion som Stockholm är tillgänglighet extra viktigt för att bidra till en attraktiv och hållbar region. Ett flertal studier stödjer att det finns en positiv korrelation mellan grönområden, mänskligt välmående och att upprätthålla en god livskvalitet. Det är dock snarare kvaliteterna ett grönområde besitter som är attraktivt och inte nödvändigtvis själva ytan. Följaktligen kan tillgänglighet till grönområden anses påverka fastighetsvärdet och kan vidare ge en indikation om vilka grönområdeskvaliteter som efterfrågas, då det kan variera för olika grönområdestyper med olika kvaliteter. Trots att studier angående tillgänglighet till grönområden och korrelationen till fastighetsvärden redan har utförts i viss utsträckning i Stockholm, saknas kombinationen med grönområdeskvaliteter på en regional nivå med ett nätverksanalytiskt angreppssätt. Syftet med denna studie är att mäta tillgängligheten till grönområdeskvaliteter i Stockholmsregionen och vidare att bedöma om det uppmätta avståndet mellan fastigheter och grönområden korrelerar med fastighetsvärden i regionen. I studien väljs fyra grönområdeskvaliteter baserat på upplevelsevärden, vilka är: Rymd, Rofylldhet, Park och Skyddade områden för biodiversitet. Dessa kvaliteter antas bidra till ökad livskvalitet, men dess användbarhet inom regional planering skulle kunna vara mer attraktiv om de kombineras med andra kvaliteter i analysen. Tillgängligheten mäts från varje bostad i Stockholmsregionen till dessa grönområdeskvaliteter, via gångvägsnätet, för olika geografiska områden inom regionen, vilka är: Skärgård, Tätortsnära landsbygd, Landsbygd och Tätort. Detta utförs genom att använda en GIS-baserad nätverksanalys. Korrelationen mellan det uppmätta avståndet och fastighetsvärden per areal bestäms genom att använda Pearsons korrelationsmetod. Resultatet från tillgänglighetanalysen visar på att tillgängligheten till rymliga grönområden generellt sett är bra eller mycket bra i hela regionen, medan tillgängligheten till rofylldhet och skyddade områden för biodiversitet generellt sett är dålig. Tillgängligheten till parker är endast uppmätt för urbana områden på grund av begränsad kartering och resultatet visar på att majoriteten har bra eller mycket bra tillgänglighet. Följaktligen indikerar resultaten att tillgängligheten skiljer sig för de olika geografiska områdena inom regionen och det kan konstateras att urbana områden generellt sett har sämre tillgänglighet än landsbygdsområden. Dessutom indikerar resultaten att tillgängligheten varierar mellan de olika grönområdeskvaliteterna. Användbarheten av tillgänglighetsresultaten antas vara relevant för framtida regionala planerare som ämnar fokusera på dessa specifika kvaliteter. För att få ett mer heltäckande perspektiv angående befolkningens livskvalitet i regionen behövs dock även andra grundläggande kvaliteter inkluderas i tillgänglighetsanalysen. Kvaliteterna i denna studie kan dock bidra som en del i bedömningen av regional tillgänglighet med fokus på att upprätthålla en god livskvalitet. Den statistiska analysen visar att alla olika dataset har en positiv korrelation mellan det uppmätta avståndet och fastighetsvärdet per areal, vilket innebär att fastighetsvärdet ökar för bostäder som ligger långt ifrån dessa grönområdeskvaliteter. Undantagen för detta är: Park, i urbana områden, och Skyddade områden för biodiversitet, i tätortsnära landsbygd, som istället har en negativ korrelation. Detta innebär att fastighetsvärdet ökar för bostäder som ligger nära parker i urbana områden och skyddade områden för biodiversitet i tätortsnära landsbygd. Studien visar även på att korrelationerna mellan samtliga nämnda variabler är svaga. Dessa svaga korrelationer antas bero på inverkan av andra samverkande lägesfaktorer, såsom tillgänglighet till stadskärnan, kollektivtrafik och annan urban service, som möjligtvis har direkt motsatt korrelation till dessa grönområdeskvaliteter. Samtliga korrelationer är dock statistiskt signifikanta, vilket innebär att slutsatsen kan dras att det finns en sann korrelation, även om den är svag. För att få det statistiska resultatet mer användbart för regional planering kan även andra lägesfaktorer analyseras för att få en bättre förståelse för det statistiska resultatet. Slutligen kan resultaten från både tillgänglighetsanalysen och den statistiska analysen användas som ett underlag för framtida planering och som en del av ett rumsligt beslutsstöd för att upprätthålla en god livskvalitet inom Stockholmsregionen.