Este trabalho é fruto das discussões realizadas no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos sobre Populações Migrantes no Brasil e no Mundo: o Papel da Instituição Escolar, conhecido apenas por Grupo Acolhendo, e também de observações sistemáticas do cotidiano de uma Instituição Francesa localizada no Estado de São Paulo, junto à educação infantil, em que pudemos observar como as diversidades lingüística e cultural podem relacionar-se trazendo resultados positivos para os sujeitos envolvidos. Neste contexto, tal pesquisa é conseqüência do trabalho de extensão: A educação e o processo de formação de identidade: um estudo de caso por meio da diversidade existente em uma escola francesa de São Paulo, realizado no âmbito da Faculdade de Educação da USP nos anos de 2004 e 2005. Por meio de pesquisa de campo nos anos de 2005/06, em uma sala de educação infantil bilíngüe em instituição francófona no Estado de São Paulo e à luz de conceitos importantes advindos da Psicanálise winnicottiana de trabalhos sobre educação bilíngue como o de Jean Duverger, discutimos alguns aspectos culturais e lingüísticos pertinentes à primeira língua dos sujeitos desta pesquisa e a relação destes com o ensino e a aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa. No início da pesquisa, no primeiro semestre de 2006, a escola apresentava os seguintes dados em relação à nacionalidade dos alunos: 59% de origem francesa, 35% de origem brasileira, 32% têm dupla nacionalidade (francesa e diversas outras), 6% têm alguma outra nacionalidade.A atenção e observação estiveram concentradas, em uma turma mista de Moyenne e Grande Section, crianças de quatro a seis anos, aproximadamente, que se encontravam em idade de alfabetização. No caso deste trabalho, a alfabetização acontece em francês, mas consideramos que qualquer criança nesta idade esteja em fase de alfabetização seja ela em que língua for.Finalmente, consideramos que, neste contexto, se fez extremamente importante pensar a diversidade de uma sala de aula como riqueza que, quando suficientemente bem aproveitada pelo professor, pode promover a criatividade e, conseqüentemente, o aprendizado tanto da primeira língua quanto da própria Língua Portuguesa (quando esta não for a primeira língua do aluno). / This work is a result of discussions accomplished in the context of the Group of Studies about Migrant Population in Brazil and in the World: the Role of Scholar Institution, known only as Group Acolhendo and also of systematic observations of a day to day French Institution located in the State of São Paulo, at a kindergarten class, where we could observe how the linguistic and cultural differences can be related bringing positive results for the people involved. In this context, such research is a consequence of the extension work The Education and the process of identity formation: a case study through the differences that are in a French school in São Paulo accomplished for the University if Education at USP, during the years of 2004 and 2005. Through field research in the years of 2005/2006 in a bilingual kindergarten classroom in a francophone institution in the state of São Paulo and based on important concepts originated from the Winnicottian Psycanalysis of jobs about bilingual education as of Jean Duvwerger, we have discussed some cultural and linguistic aspects related to the first language of the people from this research and their relation with the taught and the learning of Portuguese language. In the beginning of the research, in the first semester of 2006 the school had the following data with regard to the nationality of the students: 59% of French origin, 35% of Brazilian origin and 32% have double nationality (French and other different ones), 6% have another nationality, the attention and observation were concentrated in a mixed group of Moyenne and a Great Section, children from 4 to 6 years old approximately, who were being alphabetized. In the case of this study, the alphabetization is in French, but we consider that any child at this age is in alphabetization phase, whatever language it is. Finally, we have considered that, in this context, it was extremely important to think about the differences in a classroom as a richness, and when it was used enough by the teacher, it could promote the creativity and consequently, the learning process not only in the mother language, but also in the Portuguese language (when this is not the students first language).

Cette étude vise à déterminer et à analyser le statut de l’apatride tel que conçu et élaboré par le droit international, le droit européen et les droits nationaux. Elle précise la notion d’apatride et éclaire les mécanismes de protection existants.La Première Partie est consacrée aux définitions de l’apatride et aborde le statut juridique de l’apatride sous l’angle du droit international. Afin de saisir la complexité et l’ampleur du phénomène de l’apatridie, l’analyse prend en considération l’apatridie de jure et l’apatridie de facto et étudie les causes de leur survenance.La définition de l’apatride de jure figurant dans la Convention des Nations Unies de 1954 relative au statut des apatrides a influencé l’ensemble des définitions utilisées en droit international, en droit de l’Union européenne (UE) et dans la législation de certains États membres de l’UE. La notion d’apatride de facto, quant à elle, figure dans plusieurs textes internationaux. Elle n’est toutefois pas toujours explicitement désignée comme telle et une définition univoque demeure difficile à établir. Un travail de clarification, à travers les concepts de protection e de non effectivité de la nationalité, est donc nécessaire.Le statut juridique de l’apatride en droit international, intimement lié aux droits que la Convention de 1954 garantit aux personnes apatrides, constitue le fondement du système de leur protection. Cette Convention s’applique aux apatrides de jure, mais les États sont invités à accorder aux apatrides de facto le même traitement. Certaines dispositions confèrent à ces derniers un statut spécifique ; d’autres établissent le traitement devant être garanti à l’apatride sur la base de celui que chaque État prévoit pour les étrangers ou pour ses ressortissants. Ces dispositions sont examinées à la lumière des textes internationaux et européens des droits de l’homme.La Deuxième Partie de l’étude est consacrée à la protection dont bénéficient les apatrides en droit de l’Union européenne et dans le droit des plusieurs États membres. Le choix a été dicté essentiellement par le fait que ces États sont les seuls à prévoir des procédures spécifiques et autonomes de reconnaissance du statut d’apatride (France, Italie, Espagne, Lettonie, Hongrie, Royaume-Uni et Luxembourg).Bien qu’en droit de l’Union il n’existe pas de statut propre à l’apatride, l’Union traite des apatrides dans le cadre de ses compétences en matière d’asile et de politique commune de l’immigration. Dépourvu de citoyenneté de l’Union, l’apatride qui se trouve sur son territoire peut être considéré comme un ressortissant de pays tiers ou comme une personne résidant sur le territoire d’un de ses États membres. Il est alors susceptible de bénéficier de certaines dispositions du droit de l’Union.L’analyse du statut juridique que les États membres accordent aux apatrides permet d’apprécier la mise en œuvre et le respect des dispositions de la Convention de 1954 dans les systèmes juridiques nationaux. La protection de l’apatride peut se réaliser par la reconnaissance de droits, mais également par le biais de textes législatifs permettant de prévenir la survenance de nouveaux cas d’apatridie et d’attribuer la nationalité aux apatrides. La pertinence et l’efficacité de ces textes, ainsi que leur conformité à la Convention de Nations Unies de 1961 sur la réduction des cas d’apatridie et à la Convention européenne sur la nationalité de 1997 sont également abordées.Afin de bénéficier de la protection mise en place par les États au niveau national, la personne dépourvue de nationalité doit être reconnue apatride de manière formelle. Ainsi, les procédures de reconnaissance de la qualité d’apatride revêtent une importance certaine. Les procédures des États membres sont analysées de manière approfondie, leurs points communs et leurs différences étant mis en évidence. / This study aims to identify and analyse the status of stateless persons as conceived and elaborated by International Law, European Law and national Laws. It clarifies the concept of stateless person and the existing protection mechanisms.The First Part of this study deals with definitions of stateless persons and with the legal status of stateless person in the light of International Law. In order to understand the complexity and the scale of the phenomenon of statelessness, this analysis takes into consideration the de jure statelessness and the de facto statelessness and identifies their causes.The definition of de jure stateless persons is included in the United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954). This definition has influenced the definitions used in International Law, European Union (EU) Law and in the law of some EU Member States. The concept of de facto stateless person, for its part, appears in several international documents. Nevertheless, it is not always explicitly mentioned as such and an unambiguous definition is difficult to establish. This study tries to clarify this complexity through the concepts of protection and effective nationality.The legal status of stateless persons in International Law is closely related to the rights guaranteed by the 1954 Convention. This status constitutes the basis of the protection of stateless persons. The 1954 Convention applies to de jure stateless persons; however, States are encouraged to grant the same treatment to de facto stateless persons. Some provisions provide for a specific status; other provisions set out the minimum standard of treatment depending on the treatment enjoyed by nationals or by aliens. These provisions are analysed in the light of International Human Rights instruments.The Second Part of this study deals with the protection of stateless persons in European Union Law and in some Member States law. This choice was based on the fact that these Member States are the only ones who have established specific statelessness determination procedures (France, Italy, Spain, Latvia, Hungary, United Kingdom and Luxembourg).Stateless persons do not have a specific status in EU Law. Nevertheless, the EU deals with stateless persons within the framework of its powers on asylum matters and common immigration policy. Stateless persons in EU territory can be regarded as third-country nationals or as persons residing in the territory of a Member State. Thus, they may benefit of certain provisions of EU Law.This study examines the legal status granted by EU Member States to stateless persons. This analysis makes it possible to assess the implementation of the provisions of the 1954 Convention in national legal systems. The protection of stateless persons may be achieved by recognising rights to stateless persons but also by preventing new cases of statelessness and by granting nationality to stateless persons. This study examines national legislation in these fields and its compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) and the European Convention on Nationality (1997).Statelessness determination procedures are fundamental in order to allow stateless persons to benefit from the State’s protection. Therefore, the procedures of EU Member States are thoroughly examined: their similarity and their differences are highlighted.

John Locke claims both that ‘person' is a forensic term and that personal identity consists in sameness of consciousness. The aim of my dissertation is to explain and critically assess how Locke links his moral and legal account of personhood to his account of personal identity in terms of sameness of consciousness. My interpretation of Locke's account of persons and personal identity is embedded in Locke's sortal-dependent account of identity. Locke's sortal-dependent account of identity provides an important theoretical framework for my interpretation: It makes clear that Locke's account of personhood is to be considered separately from his account of personal identity. My approach gives full credit to Locke's claim that ‘person' is a forensic term, because I argue that persons, according to Locke, belong to a moral and legal kind of being: they are subjects of accountability. On this basis I argue that two components explain why Locke argues that personal identity consists in sameness of consciousness: firstly, his particular moral and legal conception of a person, and, secondly, his particular understanding of the conditions of just accountability and just reward and punishment. Given one accepts Locke's conception of a person and his understanding of the conditions of just accountability, it will be easy to see why Locke regards sameness of consciousness to be necessary for personal identity, but the more challenging question is whether sameness of consciousness is also sufficient. I critically assess this question by considering Locke's account of persons and personal identity within Locke's epistemological, metaphysical and religious views. I will argue that, at least from the divine perspective, the underlying ontological constitution has to be taken into consideration and that it is a verbal question whether Locke's term ‘consciousness' refers not only to phenomenologically given consciousness, but also to the underlying ontological constitution.

by Keith Ka-fu Chan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Karl Barth and Non-Christian Religions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- "Karl Barth, Christological Anthropology and Confucianism " --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Barth's Christological Approach: A Historical Study --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2. --- Christology in the Making: From The Epistle to the Romans to Anselm --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3. --- Christological Concentration: Church Dogmatics --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Barth's Anthropology: Man and Humanity --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2. --- Jesus Christ as the Starting Point --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3. --- Real Man: The Ontological Relationship between God and Human --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4. --- Real Humanity: Being-With-the-Other --- p.41 / Chapter 3.5. --- Real Man as Redeemed Man: Human Being in the Doctrine of Reconciliation --- p.46 / Chapter 3.6. --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Barth's Christology: Jesus' Humanity --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2. --- Jesus Christ as the Electing God and Elected Man: Humanity in the Barth's Doctrine of Election --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Doctrine of Election as the Doctrine of God Himself --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Jesus Christ as the Electing God and Elected Man --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Humanity in the Doctrine of Election --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3. --- Barth's Doctrine of the Humanity of Jesus Christ --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- The Antiochene and Alexandrian Christologies --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- The Chalcedonian Formula and its Limitation --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Barth's idea of Anhypostatic-Enhypostatic Christology --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Karl Barth's Christological Anthropology in Dialogue with Confucianism --- p.73 / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2. --- The Anthropological and Christological Discourses in Christian-Confucian Dialogue --- p.74 / Chapter 5.3. --- A Critique of Kim's Understanding of Barth's Anthropology --- p.82 / Chapter 5.4. --- Karl Barth's Christological Anthropology and Christian-Confucian Dialogue --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4.1. --- Real Man --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4.2. --- Real Humanity --- p.86 / Chapter 5.4.3. --- God's Election --- p.87 / Chapter 5.4.4. --- The Divinity and Humanity of Jesus Christ --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Concluding Reflection --- p.90 / Bibliography --- p.94

En kvalitativ studie har gjorts där personer med en högre känslighet än genomsnittetintervjuats. Fokus för studien har varit att undersöka hur dessa så kallat högkänsliga individer möter de krav och utmaningar som arbetslivet ställer, samt hur de kan använda sin högkänslighet som ett verktyg i sitt arbete. Syftet med studien var att få en djupare förståelse för, samt öka medvetenheten kring egenskapen högkänslighet och hur den kan påverka individen i arbetslivet.Vi var även intresserade av hur självbilden hos dessa individer ser - och har sett ut.Detta ville vi göra genom att gå ut och möta människor som har egenskapen och sedan skildra deras berättelser. Tematisk analys användes för att behandla data. Undersökningens resultat visade att högkänslighet många gånger är en tillgång i yrket, samtidigt som det kan vara svårtför högkänsliga att hitta rätt i arbetslivet. Genom rätt resurser och en ökad medvetenhet kring egenskapen, skulle högkänsliga ges större möjligheter att nå framgång och bidra med sin kompetens. / Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället

A presente pesquisa situa-se no âmbito do estudo dos saberes ameríndios e propõe-se a investigar distintos modos de produzir, transmitir e expressar conhecimentos entre os Caxinauá, grupo pertencente à família lingüística pano. Trata-se não de reconstruir uma epistemologia focada nos conteúdos dos diferentes saberes que a comporiam, mas, primordialmente, de considerar as relações engendradas naqueles processos, no cerne dos quais se coloca a questão da corporalidade. Sobretudo, procura-se levar a sério as implicações de um enunciado proferido por estes ameríndios ao pesquisador Kenneth Kensinger em meados de 1960, a saber, uma pessoa sábia é aquela cujo corpo é repleto de conhecimento. / The following research aims to investigate different ways of producing, transmitting and expressing knowledge among the Caxinauá, group belonging to the pano linguistic family. I try not to reconstruct an epistemology focused on the varied contents of the different knowledges that would compose it, but, rather, to consider the relationships engendered in those processes, especially concerning the matter of corporality. Above all, I intent to take seriously the statement given by those amerindians to the researcher Kenneth Kensinger back in 1960: a wise person é that whose body is filled with knowledge.

In multi-camera surveillance, association of people detected in different camera views over time, known as person re-identification, is a fundamental task. Re-identification is a challenging problem because of changes in the appearance of people under varying camera conditions. Existing approaches focus on improving the re-identification accuracy, while no specific effort has yet been put into efficiently utilising the available resources that are normally limited in a camera network, such as storage, computation and communication capabilities. In this thesis, we aim to perform and improve the task of re-identification under constrained resources. More specifically, we reduce the data needed to represent the appearance of an object through a proposed feature selection method and a difference-vector representation method. The proposed feature-selection method considers the computational cost of feature extraction and the cost of storing the feature descriptor jointly with the feature's re-identification performance to select the most cost-effective and well-performing features. This selection allows us to improve inter-camera re-identification while reducing storage and computation requirements within each camera. The selected features are ranked in the order of effectiveness, which enable a further reduction by dropping the least effective features when application constraints require this conformity. We also reduce the communication overhead in the camera network by transferring only a difference vector, obtained from the extracted features of an object and the reference features within a camera, as an object representation for the association. In order to reduce the number of possible matches per association, we group the objects appearing within a defined time-interval in un-calibrated camera pairs. Such a grouping improves the re-identification, since only those objects that appear within the same time-interval in a camera pair are needed to be associated. For temporal alignment of cameras, we exploit differences between the frame numbers of the detected objects in a camera pair. Finally, in contrast to pairwise camera associations used in literature, we propose a many-to-one camera association method for re-identification, where multiple cameras can be candidates for having generated the previous detections of an object. We obtain camera-invariant matching scores from the scores obtained using the pairwise re-identification approaches. These scores measure the chances of a correct match between the objects detected in a group of cameras. Experimental results on publicly available and in-lab multi-camera image and video datasets show that the proposed methods successfully reduce storage, computation and communication requirements while improving the re-identification rate compared to existing re-identification approaches.

Chan Pui Fun Doris. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-111). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i-iii / Abstract --- p.iv-vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-10 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- An Examination of William H. Shannon's view on Merton / Chapter Section I --- The Significance of Shannon --- p.11-17 / Chapter Section II --- Shannon's Interpretation on Merton --- p.18-28 / Chapter Section III --- A Proposal --- p.29-37 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Merton's Theology ´ؤ From a Potential Christ to a Kenotic Christ / Chapter Section I --- Contemplation and Action as Identity-Searching --- p.38-41 / Chapter Section II --- A Child of God: The Original Identity when a Human Being was Created --- p.42-58 / Chapter Section III --- A Potential Christ: The Present Identity when a Human Being is Born --- p.59-67 / Chapter Section IV --- A Kenotic Christ: The Present Identity when a Human Being Wills to Choose to Be --- p.68-91 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- A Re-interpretation of Merton's life --- p.92-102 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.103-104 / Bibliography --- p.105-111

Teoreticko-metodologická část: obecné pojetí marketingu, popis jednotlivých nástrojů marketingového mixu. Aplikační část: charakteristika farmaceutického trhu, popis farmaceutické společnosti, analýza jednotlivých nástrojů marketingového mixu. Závěr: zhodnocení marketingu ve vybrané společnosti a následná doporučení pro management.

The goal of this paper is to clarify Martin Buber's concept of guilt. To make the notion of guilt clear we will use mainly Buber's papers 'I and Thou','The Problem of Man','Images of Good and Evil' and the short essay 'Guilt and Guilt Feelings'. During our analysis we will also focus on other important notions of Buber's philosophical system and their possible development. Among other things, it will be the notion of the world, relationship and essential determination.The whole paper is intended to clarify Buber's dispute with psychoterapists, mainly with S. Freud, over the nature of guilt in the essay 'Guilt and Guilt Feelings'.