Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-08-10T17:27:22Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao Mestrado_2016_Rachel Bottrel.pdf: 1339379 bytes, checksum: df03b93c6db05dcb8c715756735d97e4 (MD5) Anexos e Apendice_Dissertacao Mestrado_2016_Rachel Bottrel.pdf: 1401281 bytes, checksum: c6cd6f85518223d2f3bb089cd3151a5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T17:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao Mestrado_2016_Rachel Bottrel.pdf: 1339379 bytes, checksum: df03b93c6db05dcb8c715756735d97e4 (MD5) Anexos e Apendice_Dissertacao Mestrado_2016_Rachel Bottrel.pdf: 1401281 bytes, checksum: c6cd6f85518223d2f3bb089cd3151a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / A dissertação trata dos usos da Lei de Acesso à Informação no Brasil, Lei n° 12.527/2011, pela Sociedade civil no período de Maio de 2013 a Abril de 2015, com base em uma análise de conteúdo de notícias coletadas por meio do Alerta Google, mecanismo gratuito de busca de conteúdo na internet. A pesquisa considera a relevância da informação como elemento estruturante na formação dos Estados nacionais. Considera também que o direito à informação passou a ser reconhecido como direito humano fundamental para o exercício dos demais direitos, políticos, civis e sociais. A transparência das informações públicas torna-se, então, uma questão cada vez mais frequente na relação entre Estado e Sociedade civil. A adoção da lei de acesso no Brasil resulta, portanto, de fatores relacionados ao contexto político nacional e internacional e, acredita-se, que sua consolidação depende, dentre outros fatores, de como a lei será utilizada pela sociedade brasileira. Baseada na classificação da Tabela de Natureza Jurídica 2014 do IBGE (2013), os resultados apontam que, dentro da Sociedade civil, a Imprensa e as Entidades sem fins lucrativos são os grupos que mais vem exercendo o direito de acesso às informações públicas, com interesses voltados ao controle social, a transparência das informações públicas, dentre outros. Apesar das dificuldades apontadas, percebe-se na sociedade brasileira, tanto no Estado quanto na Sociedade civil, ações no sentido de aprimorar o direito de acesso às informações públicas, com sinais de mudanças culturais, a serem confirmados em pesquisas futuras. / The dissertation deals with the uses of the Access to Information Act in Brazil (Law 12,527/2011) for the civil society in the period May 2013 to April 2015, based on a news content analysis collected through Google Alert , search engine free content on the internet. The research considers the relevance of the information as a structural element in the formation of national states. It also considers that the right to information has been recognized as a fundamental human right for the exercise of political, civil and social rights. The transparency of public information becomes an increasingly common issue in the relationship between state and civil society. The adoption of the access law in Brazil is the result of factors related to national and international political context and, it is believed that consolidation depends, among other factors, how the law will be used by Brazilian society. Based on an official classification of the National Statistics Office of Brazil (IBGE), the results indicate that the press and non-profit entities are the groups of civil society that is most exercising the right of access to public information, with interests aimed at social control, transparency of public information, among others. In spite of the difficulties, it can be seen in Brazilian society, both in the state and in civil society, actions to improve the right of access to public information, with signs of cultural change, to be confirmed in future researches.

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-22T12:14:15Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T12:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A irradiação de alimentos é um meio de preservação de alimentos onde se utiliza uma técnica de processamento que expõe os alimentos a uma radiação ionizante controlada de alta energia. O tratamento realizado com o uso das radiações ionizantes em alimentos tem muitas aplicações tecnologicamente e tecnicamente viáveis incluindo a capacidade de melhorar a segurança microbiológica, reduzir os níveis de bactérias patogénicas, inibir a germinação de tubérculos, aplicação fitossanitária, conservar alimentos armazenados ou a estabilidade de armazenamento e também é utilizada para aumentar a vida de prateleira de determinados produtos devido à redução da contaminação por microrganismos. Em função do aumento do comércio internacional de alimentos e das crescentes exigências regulatórias dos mercados consumidores, cada vez mais países importadores e exportadores têm demonstrando interesse na irradiação de alimentos e desenvolvido pesquisas na aplicação prática desta tecnologia e de métodos de detecção do tratamento. Inúmeras pesquisas foram realizadas mundialmente, resultando em eficientes protocolos para identificar quais alimentos foram ou não irradiados. Até então, o \"mito\" que alimentos irradiados não poderiam ser detectados e que não eram formados quaisquer produtos únicos da radiação foi substituído pelo conhecimento que muitas mudanças podem ocorrer nos alimentos irradiados e essas mudanças poderiam ser utilizadas como ferramentas para identificar essa tecnologia. O processamento por radiação resulta em formações de padrões característicos de hidrocarbonetos saturados, aldeídos, metil e etil ésteres e 2-alcilciclobutanonas, dependendo da composição do ácido graxo do lipídio que compõe o alimento. Com isso a proposta do trabalho foi levantar dados para comparar os efeitos das diferentes doses de radiação gama e de elétrons em alimentos que possuem gordura para verificar as possíveis alterações decorrentes do uso da irradiação, como a presença de 2-Alcilciclobutanonas e também, mostrar os principais equipamentos utilizados para a irradiação de alimentos e suas categorias, com o objetivo de informar o publico em geral. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-KamilaMesquitaCampos.pdf: 933080 bytes, checksum: a442551aba73dab122425936817f3bd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Study regarding access to public information through the New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT) under neoliberalism in Brazil, through the analysis of Transparency Portals. Our hypothesis that the portals of transparency are part of the e-government as a neoliberal strategy, while providing access to public information through the NTIC, in the discourse of government transparency and democratization of access, are contradictory ideological instruments in class struggle, serving predominantly the capital, but can contribute to the struggle of subaltern sectors. We work well with two axes of analysis. The first seeking to situate historically and politically discussion, investigating the information and communication technologies and the issue of access to public information under the neoliberal ideology, and the other analyzing the Transparency Portal as an ideological instrument of the Brazilian state. We note the contradictions that access to and effectiveness of the Access to Public Information Act (LAI) and the discourse of ideological appeal that are often spread when it comes to portals, such as the democratization of access to public information and the possibility of participation and social control. In general , we note that in the Portals implementation process there are problems both cultural as technical that need to be addressed. We also have the issue of the " digital divide " still very present in Brazilian society, which perpetuates the cycle of those who have historically had access to information continue to have , leaving the society outside. We realize also that the ideology of transparency of government is , in fact, tied to the interests of capital. Transparency Portals are born much more in response to political pressures from developed countries to meet the structural adjustment targets imposed by multilateral agencies and enter the global market than thinking in the sectors of civil society that have historically fought for this access, realize possibilities of transformation in it. Thus help to forge a harmonious environment and conserve power structures, while for society it seems that governments are responding to their demands. But despite that, they have their importance as public policy and represent a new channel that can and should be appropriate and explored , with potential to contribute to the struggle of subaltern sectors of civil society . / Estudo a respeito do acesso à informação pública através das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTIC) sob o neoliberalismo no Brasil, por meio da análise dos Portais de Transparência. Partimos da hipótese que os Portais da Transparência integram o governo eletrônico como uma estratégia neoliberal que, ao mesmo tempo que proporcionam o acesso à informação pública através das NTIC, sob o discurso da transparência governamental e da democratização do acesso, são instrumentos ideológicos contraditórios, na luta de classes, a serviço predominantemente do capital, mas podem contribuir com a luta dos setores subalternizados. Trabalhamos, assim, com dois eixos de análise. O primeiro buscando situar historicamente e politicamente a discussão, investigando as tecnologias da informação e da comunicação e a questão do acesso à informação pública sob a ideologia neoliberal, e o outro que analisa os Portais de Transparência como um instrumento ideológico do Estado brasileiro. Observamos as contradições presentes nesse acesso e na efetivação da Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública (LAI), assim como nos discursos de apelo ideológico que frequentemente são difundidos quando se trata dos Portais, como de democratização do acesso à informação pública e possibilidade de participação e controle social. De maneira geral, notamos que no processo de implantação dos Portais existem problemas tanto de ordem técnica quanto cultural que precisam ser enfrentados. Também temos a questão da "exclusão digital", ainda bastante presente na sociedade brasileira, que perpetua o ciclo daqueles que historicamente tiveram acesso à informação continuarem tendo, deixando parte da sociedade de fora. Percebemos, ainda, que a ideologia da transparência dos governos está, de fato, atrelada aos interesses do capital. Os Portais de Transparência nascem muito mais como resposta às pressões políticas dos países desenvolvidos, para cumprir as metas de ajuste estrutural impostas pelos organismos multilaterais e se inserir no mercado mundializado, do que pensando nos setores da sociedade civil que historicamente lutaram por esse acesso, por perceberem possibilidades de transformação nele. Contribuem, assim, para forjar um ambiente harmônico e conservar as estruturas de poder, ao mesmo tempo que para a sociedade parece que os governos estão dando resposta às suas demandas. Mas, apesar disso, eles têm sua importância enquanto política pública e representam um novo canal que pode e deve ser apropriado e explorado, tendo potencial para contribuir com a luta dos setores subalternizados da sociedade civil.

Cette étude sur les projets open data dans les collectivités locales vise à associer, dans une approche globale, les modes de production et de collecte de données, les méthodes de diffusion et les dispositifs utilisés, et enfin les modèles d’usage des données publiques numériques. Partant de l’hypothèse que l’open data donne lieu à une nouvelle distribution des rôles des acteurs impliqués tout au long du processus d’ouverture, nous avons distingué un positionnement dynamique des acteurs qui ne se limite pas à une étape du processus d’ouverture des données - que ce soit de réflexion, production, de diffusion, de promotion ou d’usage - ce qui crée un système mixte d’open data. L’étude du système d’offre des collectivités nous a amené à considérer son adéquation avec les besoins des utilisateurs. Nous avons montré que malgré les efforts de créer un système multi-acteur, la mise en oeuvre de l’identification et de la collecte des données est éclectique et instable et ne construit pas un processus solide de l’Open data. Malgré l’urgence suggérée par le contexte politique et sociétal, l’ouverture et le choix des données sont généralement déterminés par des considérations pragmatiques qui imposent une ouverture lente mais progressive sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité.Il s’agit aussi d’examiner les plateformes open data considérées comme des « dispositifs socio-techniques » émergeants du web social dans leurs aspects de médiations, partage, collaboration et de coproduction de données. Dans ce cadre, nos observations nous permettent de mettre en exergue, de questionner et d’analyser les plateformes open data dont leur architecture principale nous amènent à les qualifier «dispositifs socio-techniques ». Ils sont des outils sociaux car ils donnent lieu à des formes d’action. Autour d’un catalogue de jeux de données, il subsiste des espaces virtuels, des blogs, des forums d’interactions entre les producteurs et les réutilisateurs des données ouvertes. / The main purpose of this survey is to explore the process of implementation of open data projects at the local level. The main challenge in realization of any open data project is the engagement of different stakeholders. In this respect, we distinguish a dynamic positioning of stakeholders not limited to one stage of the process - whether during the first phase of reflections before launching the project, the data production, dissemination, promotion or use - creating a mixed system of open data. The study of data offer on open data platforms led us to consider its appropriateness to the needs of users. We have shown that despite the efforts to create a multi-player system, the implementation, identification and data collection is eclectic and unstable and not building a solid process of Open Data. Despite the urgency suggested by the political and societal context, openness and choice of data are generally determined by pragmatic considerations that impose a slow but gradual opening without claiming to be exhaustive. By analyzing open data platforms, this leads us to qualify them as "socio-technical tools" emerging from the social web in their aspects of mediation, sharing, collaboration and co-production data. They are social tools because they give rise to forms of action. Around a catalog of data sets, there are still virtual spaces, blogs, forums of interaction between producers and re-users of open data.

Cette thèse a pour sujet les protocoles de communication peer-to-peer asynchrones. Nous introduisons deux mesures basées sur la théorie de l'information,la Public Information Complexity (PIC) et la Multi-party Information Complexity (MIC), étudions leurs propriétés et leur relation avec d'autres mesures fondamentales en calcul distribué, telles que la communication complexity et la randomness complexity. Nous utilisons ensuite ces deux mesures pour étudier la fonction parité et la fonction disjointness. / This thesis is concerned with the study of multi-party communicationprotocols in the asynchronous message-passing peer-to-peer model. We introducetwo new information measures, the Public Information Complexity(PIC) and the Multi-party Information Complexity (MIC), study their propertiesand how they are related to other fundamental quantities in distributedcomputing such as communication complexity and randomness complexity.We then use these two measures to study the parity function and the disjointness function.

This thesis explores the development of a series of posters created by Howard Chandler Christy during the World War I era. During this time, Christy was a Department of Pictorial Publicity (DPP) committee artist commissioned by the committee chair, Charles Dana Gibson. The DPP was part of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) developed by the Woodrow Wilson administration to generate the propaganda necessary to gain the support of the American people to enter World War I. The CPI was headed up by George Creel, a journalist and politician, who used advertising techniques to create the first full-scale propaganda effort in United States history. American poster images of women during World War I represent an era when propaganda posters came of age. These iconographic interpretations depicted in political propaganda helped shape the history of the twentieth century. While exploring these portrayals of women, the observer looks through a historical lens to contemplate the role of propaganda in the American war effort, while considering the disparity between images of women and the reality of their experiences in the patriarchal society in which they lived. Howard Chandler Christy's war-related posters represented the gendered rhetoric of a social order that functioned under the well-established assumption that men and women both had their place in society based on gender-specific stereotypic characteristics. Women were central to propaganda posters from this era; their images were widely used in posters encouraging Americans to support the war effort. With few exceptions, these representations perpetuated traditional concepts of appropriate gender roles. Posters often used women as icons characterizing the nation in time of war. For example, a beautiful woman, with a backdrop of the United States flag or sometimes even dressed in Old Glory, suggested why the nation was fighting. Some posters explicitly used beautiful women to signify that America's honor was at stake and we needed fighting men to protect it. The poster art form spread rapidly during the early twentieth century, putting a woman in her place rather than challenging the historical circumstances that created the complex, problematic issues related to the visual representation. Reading these posters as cultural texts, it is apparent that women's images are central to gaining an understanding of the social norms and cultural expectations.

The author focuses on the fact that at the present stage the information support of the population is becoming one of the most important tasks of state authorities and social protection, in particular. The main priority of the social protection authorities in this area is that citizens receive the necessary information as quickly as possible, regardless of their location and reduction in the number of citizens who need social support, but do not receive it due to the lack of information about their rights. The paper reveals the theoretical, regulatory, and practical foundations for organizing public information on social support measures, and gives recommendations for its improvement. / Автор акцентирует внимание на том, что на современном этапе информационное обеспечение населения становится одной из важнейших задач органов государственной власти и социальной защиты, в частности. Основным приоритетом органов социальной защиты в данной области является как можно более быстрое получение гражданами необходимой информации, независимо от места их нахождения и снижение количества граждан, которые нуждаются в оказании социальной поддержки, но не получают ее из-за отсутствия информации о своих правах. В работе раскрываются теоретические, нормативно-правовые и практические основы деятельности по организации информирования населения о мерах социальной поддержки, даются рекомендации по ее совершенствованию.

本研究主要係在探討經過會計師查核的內部控制報告書是否會影響到分析師的公私有資訊精確度以及市場流動性。實證結果發現，當公司被視為具有重大內控缺失者，會造成分析師公有及私有資訊精確度下降，進而使得整體資訊環境的不確定性增加。本研究亦發現，當公司揭露內部控制缺失時，該公司在宣告期間會有較差的市場流動性以及較嚴重的資訊不對稱性。本研究更進一步將內控缺失區分成公司及會計層級內控缺失，結果發現有公司層級內控缺失的公司，相較於會計層級缺失者，會有較差的公有資訊精確度及市場流動性。最後，本研究發現，若公司下一年度有進行內部控制缺失修正時，會產生較高的公私有資訊精確度及較高的市場流動性。 / This dissertation extends prior research on internal control weaknesses (hereafter ICW) by examining the impact of internal control weakness and their remediation on information precision and market liquidity for firms filed Section 404 reports with the SEC. First, I find that the presence of ICW is associated with lower precisions of public and private information contained in analysts’ earnings forecasts, which in turn increase overall information uncertainty. Second, I find that market liquidity is significantly lower for ICW firms. Moreover, this dissertation provides evidence that firm-level control weaknesses have stronger impact on public information precision and market liquidity than account-specific control weaknesses. Finally, this dissertation suggests that ICW remediation firms have higher information precision and market liquidity, compared to non-remediation firms. My results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity problem and other sensitivity tests.

This study explored the lived experience of Gen Z adults in a liminal life-stage crisis where the symbolic meaning of health, identity and brands are in transition. Sixteen ethnographic in-home interviews with college students were conducted and analyzed using Geertz's interpretive and Turner's symbolic anthropology. A hermeneutic textual analysis was used to interpret three types of phenomenological data: text, pictures and collages. An "incubation" step was key in the creative interpretation process where the leap from data to abstract themes was made. Environmental circumstances like money, time, resources and social networks change the quality of health, but the fundamental health explanatory system of a young person is a reflection of their family of origin experiences. Women associate health with mental health-independence and empowerment. Men define health as physical health-food and cooking. Skills such as cooking and shopping as well as the consumption of water, cannabis and other complementary products impact health and identity. Three health worldview themes emerged: health as negotiating identity; creating home; and taking responsibility. Implications for branding and public information campaigns to change the health beliefs and practices of young adults are offered. This thesis closes with a reflection on the "research study," the dominant symbol in the practice of research as a way to analyze the fluid role of consumer anthropology in a capitalist system.

From  the  process  of  globalization  of  law,  the  comparative constitutional law has gained a leading role for a better understanding and solving old and new constitutional national and international challenges. Therefore, some assumptions and considerations to take into account are presented for the development of the national constitutional order within the framework of the comparative constitutional law, such as universality and relativism of human rights; the concept of power and constitutional democracy; standards of free elections and judicial independence; freedom of expression, media pluralism and access to public information; the economic,social and cultural rights; the new fundamental rights. / A partir del proceso de globalización del derecho, el derecho constitucional comparado ha ido adquiriendo un rol protagónico para una mejor comprensión y solución de los viejos y nuevos desafíos constitucionales, tanto nacionales como internacionales. Por ello, se presentan algunos presupuestos y consideraciones temáticas a tomar en cuenta para el desarrollo del ordenamiento constitucional nacional en el marco del derecho constitucional comparado, tales como la universalidad y el relativismo de los derechos humanos; el concepto de poder y democracia constitucional; los estándares de elecciones libres e independencia judicial; la libertad de expresión, la pluralidad informativa y el acceso a la información pública; los  derechos  económicos,  sociales  y  culturales,  y;  los nuevos derechos fundamentales.