学位授与大学：京都大学 ; 取得学位: 博士(工学) ; 学位授与年月日: 2007-09-25 ; 学位の種類: 新制・課程博士 ; 学位記番号: 工博第2848号 ; 請求記号: 新制/工/1419 ; 整理番号: 25533 / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13377号 / 工博第2848号 / 新制||工||1419(附属図書館) / 25533 / UT51-2007-Q778 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 中川 大, 教授 多々納 裕一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Este estudo investigou os indicativos de resiliência parental no processo de comunicação do diagnóstico de autismo após a avaliação do filho. Esses indicativos representaram o construto da elaboração parental do diagnóstico de autismo. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi a construção de uma matriz de categorias indicativas de resiliência parental baseada em análise de conteúdo de seis entrevistas de casais com um filho com diagnóstico de autismo. Essa matriz foi base conceitual e empírica do Estudo 2, um estudo de caso cujos instrumentos foram quatro entrevistas de comunicação formal do diagnóstico com um casal de pais. Os objetivos deste foram compreender o papel das crenças dos pais na comunicação do diagnóstico do filho e investigar indicativos de resiliência parental que participaram do processo de elaboração do diagnóstico de autismo ao longo de quatro meses. Os resultados da Análise de Conteúdo apontaram a busca e atribuição de sentido ao jeito do filho e ao autismo como fatores de elaboração na comunicação do diagnóstico. Os resultados foram discutidos com base na concepção do construto de elaboração parental do diagnóstico de autismo. / This study investigated the indicatives of parental resilience in the process of communicating the diagnosis of autism. These indications represented the construct of parental elaboration of autism diagnosis by the parents. The goal of the first investigation was to build an array of categories indicating parental resilience based on content analysis of six interviews drawn from a database. This was the empirical and conceptual bases of the parents elaborations of the diagnostic, investigated on the second study. The goals of the second investigation were to understand the role of the beliefs of these parents in the communication of the diagnosis and to investigate parental resilience indicatives that participated in the process of elaboration of the diagnosis of autism of this couple over four months. The results of the Content Analysis showed the search and attribution of meaning to the characteristics of the son, and to autism as key indicators of elaboration during the communication of the diagnosis. The results were discussed on the base of building the construct of autism diagnostic elaboration by the parents.

Rural Cornish coastal fishing communities express, and have expressed, varying degrees of ability to develop and retain social resilience capacity, or the ability to withstand ‘shock’ over both ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ onset events in social, political, economic and natural domain terms (Wilson, 2012a). Endogenous and exogenous influences may include natural changes in resources and resource dependency resulting in the loss or depletion of community livelihoods associated with a decline in fishing activities (Brookfield, 2005; Marshall, 2007a), issues of tourism driven change and notions of ‘community’. Four capitals are initially conceptually considered, those of natural, political, social and economic capitals driving institutional change and individual-community behaviour within fishing communities. This is considered for fishing activities and cross-community aspirational or extant forms of resilience building with a particular focus on social memory, community-personal identity (Wilson, 2012b; Wilson, 2013; Wilson, 2014) and critically, power (Chaskin, 2001). This research frames community resilience within a resilience framework on local, national and EU scales. The initial capital approach is further developed and articulated into a novel resilience status and process framework, the community resilience and vulnerability index, or the CRVI. The research fieldwork observes social resilience through empirical qualitative methods supported by an anthropological lens, especially in regard to social issues, trust, confidence, power and agency within fishing communities and trajectories that have been guided by internal and external influences and adaptive change to social networks. One of the research challenges was the building of the CRVI using coupled approaches to coping strategies that may have value both across the Cornish case study communities and into wider community usage.

Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) supply chains (SCs) are becoming more and more vulnerable to different types of risks due to the increasing complexity of markets, uncertainties, and turbulence, especially in the Middle East Region (MER). The main reason behind this is the political and economic instabilities resulting from the Arab Spring revolutions which affected all SC entities. There is an urgent need to investigate how to build resilient SCs that can help all partners in the chain to proactively identify and sidestep risks, and bounce back more quickly in the case of disruptions. For this reason, this research focuses on the creation of effective SC resilience model that could help companies to avoid SC risks to reduce vulnerability instead of being reactive toward disruptions. A conceptual model for SC resilience has been developed which identified three main constructs of SC resilience: risks, capabilities, and key performance indicators (KPIs). The links between the three constructs have been established. The empirical study has been conducted in two stages. In stage one, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from 30 companies in FMCG SCs operating in the MER. A combination of thematic and comparative analysis has been used to analyse the qualitative data collected from the interviews in order to identify the main themes (types of risks and their causes, capabilities, and relevant KPIs), and to find the relations between themes. In stage 2, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize and rank the risks, capabilities, and KPIs using pairwise comparisons by taking into account opinions and preferences from SC managers in the FMCG industry in the MER. Preceding the analysis, a second round of structured interviews according to AHP process were conducted with the same 30 companies used in stage one. The thesis adds to the SC resilience literature by empirically explore the main causes of SC vulnerabilities that the FMCG SCs face in the MER and how companies can increase their capabilities to improve the resilience performance of the entire chain. An important contribution of this thesis is the development of the model for SC resilience in FMCG industry in MER context, that provides a useful reference model to assist managers in build a resilient SC, specifically, by identifying the main types of risks and their sources, by defining relevant capabilities that can help anticipate and overcome risks, and by recommending appropriate KPIs that can act as a sensor to market dynamics in the FMCG industry in MER. The model with the matrices (of risks-capabilities-KPIs) developed in this research established the links and interactions among the risks, capabilities, and KPIs which have great potential in guiding decision makers through the SC management (SCM) process, so that more informed decisions can be made and implemented for important risks to be avoided and to create more resilient FMCG SCs.

abstract: This research examines the communicative processes of resilience in the organizational context of public education. The research utilizes one-on-one interviews to elicit descriptions of resilience and well-being and collect stories of success and overcoming challenges. The study purpose is two-fold: (1) to understand the ways in which organizational members construct and enact resilience individually and collectively through their talk and stories, and (2) to extend the communication theory of resilience through an empirical investigation of resilience in an organizational context. An iterative, thematic analysis of interview data revealed that resilience, as lived, is a socially constructed, collective process. Findings show resilience in this context is (1) socially constructed through past and present experiences informing the ways organizational members perceive challenges and opportunities for action, (2) contextual in that most challenges are perceived positively as a way to contribute to individual and organizational goals and as part of a “bigger purpose” to students, (3) interactional in that it is constructed and enacted collaboratively through social processes, (4) reciprocal in that working through challenges leads to experience, confidence, and building a repertoire of opportunities for action that become a shared experience between educators and is further reciprocated with students, and (5) is enacted through positive and growth mindsets. This study offers theoretical contributions by extending the communication theory of resilience and illuminating intersections to sensemaking, flow, and implicit person theory. I offer five primary practical applications, discuss limitations, and present future directions highlighting community development and strengths-based approaches. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication 2018

Intensas discussões sobre o tema empreendedorismo têm despertado grande interesse por parte de diversos pesquisadores. O estudo do comportamento do empreendedor é considerado hoje fonte de novas formas para a compreensão do ser humano em seu processo de criação de riquezas e de realização pessoal. As dificuldades enfrentadas pelos empreendedores, principalmente no Brasil, carente de políticas econômicas e infra-estrutura adequada, são motivos de grande preocupação para os estudiosos, considerando o número expressivo de empresas que encerra suas atividades antes mesmo de completar um ano de existência. Nesse contexto, a resiliência como vértice teórico abre espaço para o entendimento de como alguns indivíduos em situações tão adversas reagem melhor do que outros na superação das dificuldades. Dessa forma, o estudo da resiliência possibilita a inserção de conceitos e características para se investigar o empreendedorismo e obter uma melhor compreensão do empreendedor. Este trabalho consiste em investigar a interface entre empreendedorismo e resiliência e verificar se a empresa em estudo apresenta características resilientes. Para isso, a Flytour Viagens e Turismo foi a empresa escolhida como objeto de estudo. Utilizou-se a metodologia do estudo de caso e as técnicas de pesquisa empregadas foram análise de documentos, entrevistas individuais em profundidade com uma abordagem semiestruturada e a condução de uma narrativa com o proprietário da empresa. Evidenciou-se a possibilidade de convergência entre os vértices teóricos propostos, bem como foi possível verificar a presença de características resilientes na empresa estudada. Respeitando-se as limitações do presente estudo, espera-se contribuir com ampliação de pesquisas que tratem de ambos os assuntos, permitindo um melhor entendimento do empreendedor e quem sabe estimulando o desenvolvimento de características resilientes. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-29T16:40:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Verruck.pdf: 888786 bytes, checksum: 3b30e81d17b3c167f5432c6fec6a9d1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-29T16:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Verruck.pdf: 888786 bytes, checksum: 3b30e81d17b3c167f5432c6fec6a9d1a (MD5) / Intense discussions on the subject of entrepreneurship have generated great interest from the part of various researchers. The study on the behavior of the entrepreneur is considered today as a source of new ways to understand the human being in its process of creation of wealth and personal accomplishment. The difficulties faced with entrepreneurs, mainly in Brazil, due to a lack of economic policies and adequate infrastructure, are reasons of great concern for the scholars, considering the expressive number of companies that stop operating even before completing one year of business activities. In this context, the concept of resilience, as a theoretical vertex, opens space for the understanding on how some individuals, in so adverse situations, react better than others in overcoming such difficulties. In that sense, this study on resilience makes possible the insertion of concepts and characteristics to investigate entrepreneurship and to get a better understanding of the entrepreneur. This work consists in the investigation on the interface between the concepts of entrepreneurship and resilience, and to verify if the company in study presents characteristics of resilience. Flytour Viagens e Turismo was chosen as the object of the study, primarily because of the profile and trajectory of his own President. The case study methodology and exploratory strategy were used and the research was conducted thru documents analysis, individual in depth half-structured interviews and the conduction of a narrative scheme with the proprietor of the company. It was established a possible convergence between the components of the proposed theoretical frame, as well as the verification of the presence of resilient characteristics in the studied company. Considering the limits of the present study, this research aims to widen a field of research that deals with both subjects, allowing a better understanding of the entrepreneur and maybe stimulating research for the development of resilient characteristics.

Este estudo investigou os indicativos de resiliência parental no processo de comunicação do diagnóstico de autismo após a avaliação do filho. Esses indicativos representaram o construto da elaboração parental do diagnóstico de autismo. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi a construção de uma matriz de categorias indicativas de resiliência parental baseada em análise de conteúdo de seis entrevistas de casais com um filho com diagnóstico de autismo. Essa matriz foi base conceitual e empírica do Estudo 2, um estudo de caso cujos instrumentos foram quatro entrevistas de comunicação formal do diagnóstico com um casal de pais. Os objetivos deste foram compreender o papel das crenças dos pais na comunicação do diagnóstico do filho e investigar indicativos de resiliência parental que participaram do processo de elaboração do diagnóstico de autismo ao longo de quatro meses. Os resultados da Análise de Conteúdo apontaram a busca e atribuição de sentido ao jeito do filho e ao autismo como fatores de elaboração na comunicação do diagnóstico. Os resultados foram discutidos com base na concepção do construto de elaboração parental do diagnóstico de autismo. / This study investigated the indicatives of parental resilience in the process of communicating the diagnosis of autism. These indications represented the construct of parental elaboration of autism diagnosis by the parents. The goal of the first investigation was to build an array of categories indicating parental resilience based on content analysis of six interviews drawn from a database. This was the empirical and conceptual bases of the parents elaborations of the diagnostic, investigated on the second study. The goals of the second investigation were to understand the role of the beliefs of these parents in the communication of the diagnosis and to investigate parental resilience indicatives that participated in the process of elaboration of the diagnosis of autism of this couple over four months. The results of the Content Analysis showed the search and attribution of meaning to the characteristics of the son, and to autism as key indicators of elaboration during the communication of the diagnosis. The results were discussed on the base of building the construct of autism diagnostic elaboration by the parents.

Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a safety-critical system which places high demands on air traffic controllers’ (ATCO) multitasking abilities. Having the requisite information for well-informed decision making is central, and as new technologies such as remote towers demand an increase in capacity, efficiency, and safety there is a need for research that informs system development. Adopting a systems perspective, Distributed Cognition is an approach for investigating system functioning, and Resilience Engineering is a way of observing safety factors in everyday work. The purpose of this study is to understand how air traffic controllers work from a distributed cognition perspective, and manage safety in everyday tasks from a resilience perspective. Six observations and six interviews were conducted in a Swedish control tower. The data was analyzed using Distributed Cognition for Teamwork (DiCoT) and Resilience markers (REM), which both focus on the transformation and propagation of information. The results of DiCoT show how cognitive processes in ATCO work are supported in models of physical layout, artefacts, information flow, social organization, and evolutionary design. The results of REM show potential for resilience enhancing behavior in several episodes of ATCO work. Moreover, the results suggest that methods such as DiCoT and REM may work well in the ATC domain, as well as complementary to each other. The results may be used for informing system development, and enable a before-and-after study as the control tower of study will be transformed into a remote tower.

Over the course of history, and to this day, Indigenous peoples around the world have used their traditional knowledge to prepare for, cope with, and survive disasters (Hasan, 2016). For Indigenous communities, this locally bound knowledge is acquired from intergenerational experience, study, sharing and observation, and as such, it becomes a critical component in the development of a strategy for disaster resilience (Chakrabarti, 2009; Resture, 2009; Rotarangi and Russell, 2009; Trosper, 2003). The purpose of this dissertation is to work with the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation, which consists of several Indigenous communities on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada to understand Nuu-chah-nulth knowledge and strategies for disaster resilience, and how they can inform a shift in cultural understanding within the field of practice of emergency management. Given the exploratory nature of this research project, a descriptive approach is used based upon Indigenous methodologies and the methodologies of narrative analysis to explore: a Nuu-chah-nulth way of knowing that informs disaster resilience as well as the impacts of colonialism on the disaster resilience of the Nuu-chah-nulth people. From oral histories to traditional governance, and to the impacts of colonialism, the findings of this research describe the ways that a Nuu-chah-nulth way of knowing informs and reflects their own capacities towards disaster resilience. Ultimately, this dissertation supports a call to action for emergency management practitioners to embrace an Indigenous approach to emergency management when working with First Nation communities. By advocating for the inclusion and the importance of bringing an Indigenous worldview into the lexicon of emergency management practices and the dialogue on disaster resilience, this research supports the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation recognizing that their own knowledge is a powerful tool for supporting and enhancing their communities’ resilience to disaster. / Graduate

This thesis proposes a new idea about the so-called “resilience of laws”, which was designed to protect the effectiveness of laws within civil law or common law jurisdictions against any change, i.e. social, legal, political, or economic, amongst others. Laws may initially be effective but become ineffective afterwards, and one possible cause may be such changes. Thus, the author states that any of the aforementioned changes may shock a non-resistant legal regime, turning it into an ineffective legal regime to the detriment of society. As a result, the thesis imposes new expectations of legislators and judges whereby they are expected, not only to provide society with effective laws, but with resilient laws. Resilience of laws, within the context of this research, comprises two features: i) static resilience, i.e. the ability of the law to resist the shock caused by a previous change; and ii) dynamic resilience, i.e. the capacity to recover the effectiveness of the law once it has been shocked, and the capacity to prevent a future scenario of ineffectiveness. To achieve the resilience of laws, the author explains how legislators and judges have to take into consideration previous challenging changes and shocks in order to later recover successfully the level of effectiveness, and to prevent ineffectiveness as a result of a similar future shock; this is aimed at having resistant laws, if possible. The thesis places emphasis on the evaluation of the level of static and dynamic resilience of the Colombian laws of performance bonds as an illustration of the notion of resilience of laws, based on the politico-economic changes that were implemented in that country in 1990 and 2002.