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Because it is a fundamental skill to develop in education, computational thinking (CT) has become a growing field in education. The ability to solve algorithmic problems and reuse solutions from one concept to another is the definition of CT(J.Shute et al. p.142).  In this study, the goal was to investigate the CT knowledge between countries such as Sweden and South Africa. With both countries adopting different ways of teaching CT to their students. Sweden uses the method of implementing programming through the STEM(science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects. While South Africa uses a separate subject called Coding and Robotics to teach their students. Using the Computational thinking test(CTt) and Bebras task as the method of choice to conduct the study on 22 students from Sweden and South Africa. By comparing the results from the students there were conclusions that could be drawn on how the differences in teaching had an impact on their gained CT knowledge. As well as if there were different concepts within the CTt where either country excelled over the other. The tests were conducted online and for the students from South Africa it was also conducted at home during their holiday break and it was concluded that there were no differences between the two countries since there was not enough evidence to support  a median other than 0 at the ∝ = 0.05 significance level. The results indicate that the difference in how CT is implemented in school made no difference for the results as well as the experience in block based and text based programming.

Research suggests a significant negative relationship exists between analytical and critical thinking and epistemically unwarranted beliefs. The present study aimed to examine this relationship by measuring preference for and engagement in analytical and critical thinking, then comparing these variables with belief in conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, and paranormal phenomena. The quantitative cross-sectional observational study was conducted without intervention, collecting multi-purpose data. Email invitations recruited participants (N=112) from small and large businesses, organisations, schools, independent churches, and interest groups in alternative medicine and pseudoscience. Participants were Swedish speaking and 18 years or older. Relationships between variables were tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The result showed significant negative correlations between beliefs in pseudoscience and the variables rationality, rational favorability, rational ability, and engagement. In addition, rational ability had a significant negative correlation with paranormal beliefs. The result did not show significant correlations between the measured cognitive variables and belief in conspiracy theories. The results suggest that individuals disengaged from, or lacking preference for, analytical and critical thinking processes are more likely to reject established science and instead endorse pseudoscience and paranormal beliefs. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how cognitive traits and skills are connected to epistemically unwarranted beliefs. Future research can further explore these cognitive traits and skills, because they are crucial in health promotion efforts to mitigate epistemically unwarranted beliefs. Facilitating enhanced learning environments, supporting health promotion initiatives, and enabling effective health communication will cultivate reflective, empowered, and ultimately healthier members of society.

The reliance on fossil fuels needs to be fizzled out from every part of modern society. Construction equipment is one industry in which the transition away from fossil fuels is underway in favor of electric vehicles. The transition to electric vehicles is affecting the entire system of construction sites, including enhanced feasibility and incentive for increased autonomy. This thesis aims at identifying system-level design implications stemming from the electric transition of construction equipment. By using biomimicry and drawing inspiration from nature, the goal is to produce a functioning product that fulfills the requirements created based on the needs of the users. Within this thesis, Design Thinking is used to identify the needs in theconstruction equipment sector which are then used as the input for an iterative process of reverse biomimetics. The resulting concepts are tested and evaluated in several design sprints, the findings from which result in the final solution. Aided by the Design Thinking methodology human-centered approach, the solution is optimized for the users. A total of 25 needs were identified within eight different categories. A total of seven design sprints were conducted with the findings accumulating in a sensor cleaning system for autonomous vehicles inspired by the pendulum-like oscillating motion of mammals shedding precipitation. Biomimicry is identified as a promising tool to aid in the creative process by introducing novel perspectives and approaches to the problem space. The evolving development and use of autonomous constructionequipment results in the need for clear and unhindered sensor systems which the solution developed in this thesis provides. / Användandet av förbränningsmotorer behöver forslas ut från varje del av det moderna samhället. Konstruktionsindustrin är i starten av övergången till elektriska maskiner. Det är en markant övergång som påverkar varje del av byggarbetsplatsen, i synnerhet motivet till att använda autonoma maskiner som lösning på den mindre energidensitet eldrivna anläggningsmaskiner innebär. Den här uppsatsen undersöker vilka design implikationer som berörs från den elektriska övergången på ett systemperspektiv kring använd- nignen av anläggningsmaskiner, och hur de ska lösas. Som stöd för att lösa de implikationerna används biomikry. Genom att använda biomikry sökes den lösningen som bäst uppfyller de design implika- tionerna som uppstått och behoven som utforskatts. Inom den här uppsattsen används Design Thinking for att identifiera de behoven som uppstått inom industrin. De fynden blir basen för an- vändandet av en specifik del av biomimikry, nämnligen motsatt biomi- tik. De koncepten som utvecklas testas och evalueras i flera så kallade Design sprints, där fynden från flera Design sprints utformar slut- lösningen. Med stöd från människofokuset av Design Thinking blir slutlösningen direkt optimerad för användaren. Totalt 25 behov identifierades inom åtta kategorier. Totalt sju Design sprints utfördes där de induviduella resultaten utformade en slutlös- ning i form av ett sensortvättsystem för autonoma fordon, vilket tagit inspiration från den svängande rörelsen som används av däggdjur för att få bort vatten. Lösningen innebär ohindrad funcktunalitet av sen- sorerna på autonoma anläggningsmaskiner oberoende av väder eller klimat. Biomimikry har identifierats som ett lovande verktyg för att öka den kreativa processen genom att introducera nytänkande perspektiv där problemet adresseras på ett annorlunda sätt. Det utökade behovet för autonoma anläggningsmaskiner har resulterat i ett ohindrade sensor rengöringssystem vilket är specifikt det den här uppsatsen behandlar.

The purposes of this study were to ascertain the relationship between the treatment and creativity post-test gains with independent variables of sex, grade, group, and Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills total battery scores. Major conclusions include the following. 1. Girls appear to benefit more than boys from the Multiple Talent Approach to Teaching. 2. Fifth grade students appear to benefit more than third grade students from the Multiple Talent Approach to Teaching. 3. The creativity test score gains favoring the experimental students seem to justify the conclusion that it is potentially possible to enhance creative thinking through a teaching process.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / For nursing students to be successful in current and future practice they must be proficient critical thinkers and be able to use reflective judgment skills to manage the daily dilemmas of healthcare practice. Critical thinking and reflective judgment are not elements of nursing curricula unless faculty explicitly design learning activities to develop these skills. This study examined the relationship between reflective judgment and critical thinking by comparing a measure of reflective judgment, the Reasoning about Current Issues (RCI) test, with a measure of critical thinking in nursing (the HESI Exit Exam) in a sample population of senior associate degree nursing (ADN) students (N = 108). The descriptive variables of individual ADN student’s age, grade point average (GPA) in nursing courses and the number of completed college/university credit hours were also examined. A modest correlation (r = .370, p < .01) was found between critical thinking and reflective judgment indicating a positive relationship between these two variables. However, the results supported the hypothesis that these are separate concepts; while the students achieved an acceptable level on the measure of critical thinking, they did not exhibit the skill level of an effective reflective thinker. Positive correlations were found between reflective judgment and individual student age and nursing program GPA (p < .01). Critical thinking was also positively correlated with age (r = .351) and GPA (r = .426). There were no statistically significant correlations noted between the number of credits or previously earned baccalaureate degrees with either reflective judgment or critical thinking. An appreciation of the unique commonalities and differences between reflective judgment and critical thinking is essential for the development of innovative strategies and pedagogies meant to advance teaching/learning within schools of nursing with an explicit focus on both concepts and an ultimate goal of improving competence in newly graduated nurses. The implication for nurse educators is in changes and innovations that can lead to more effective thinkers. Careful pedagogical planning and a mindful inclusion of learning activities to develop both reflective judgment and critical thinking skills may lead to increased competence as nursing students and as new graduate nurses.

The current workforce climate has naturally led the way for wanting more systemic thinking individuals. This increasing complexity demands that universities train engineering students to be able to handle such difficulties amidst the interconnectedness of the world. This study aims to aid in understanding what will help the future leaders of the world become more equipped to handle these global and complex systems. College engineering students were the target population of this study. It was found that neither gender, educational level, grade point average, nor having an internship or co-op helped aid students to have higher systems thinking skills. However, employment status was found to affect the systems thinking skills scores. Laying the foundation for understanding engineering students’ ability to be more or less holistic thinkers, this research aims to help evolve engineering education.

В работе обсуждается проблема дефиниции критического мышления, описывается структура критического мышления. Также обсуждаются различные виды когнитивных ошибок, выделяются 11 основных разновидностей. Представлен дизайн методики «Опросник когнитивных искажений». / The paper discusses the problem of defining critical thinking, describes the structure of critical thinking. Various types of cognitive errors are also discussed, and 11 major varieties are highlighted. The design of the “Cognitive distortion questionnaire” technique is presented.

[pt] Esta pesquisa surgiu de meu interesse em investigar as relações entre colecionar e projetar em design. Entendendo que todo designer durante a carreira constrói uma coleção de conhecimentos e informações particular. Investigamos quais seriam as influências exercidas pelo ato de colecionar sobre o pensamento dos designers. Pressupomos que os designers que colecionam, desenvolvem relações entre este processo e o seu modo de pensar projetos. Para verificar esta hipótese foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, na qual pesquisamos os diferentes aspectos do Design Thinking e do colecionismo descritos na literatura, tais como suas formas, características, metodologias e processos. Posteriormente, foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com designers colecionadores para avaliar as relações existentes entre seus modos de colecionar e projetar. A partir da revisão bibliográfica e das entrevistas, foram especificadas as relações e características comuns existentes nas práticas exercidas por designers colecionadores. Desta forma validamos a hipótese e definimos as relações existentes entre ambas as práticas, demonstrando como projetos desenvolvidos por designers colecionadores se diferenciam e são influenciados por práticas colecionistas tanto em seus métodos de desenvolvimento como em seus processos criativos. Eles constroem narrativas que refletem seus gostos, desejos e personalidades, sempre se utilizando de duas metodologias paralelas, distintas e sobrepostas: uma pertencente ao seu universo particular e outra comum ao universo dos designers colecionadores. / [en] This research emerged from my interest in investigating the relationship between collecting and projecting in design. Understanding that every designer during his career builds a particular collection of knowledge and information, we investigated what would be the influences exerted by the act of collecting on the designers thinking. We assume that designers who collect develop relationships between this process and their way of thinking about projects. To verify this hypothesis, a literature review was carried out, in which we researched the different aspects of Design Thinking and collecting described in the literature, such as their forms, characteristics, methodologies and processes. Subsequently, qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with Designers Collectors to assess the existing relationships between their ways of collecting and designing. Based on the bibliographic review and the interviews, the relationships and common characteristics existing in the practices carried out by Designers collectors were specified. By doing this, we validate the hypothesis and define the existing relationships between both practices, demonstrating how projects developed by Designers Collectors differ and are influenced by collecting practices in their development methods and in their creative processes. They build narratives that reflect their tastes, desires and personalities, always using two parallel, distinct and overlapping methodologies: one belonging to their particular universe and the other common to the universe of designers collectors.

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