Yes / E-government services involve many stakeholders who have different objectives that can have an impact on success. Among these stakeholders, citizens are the primary stakeholders of government activities. Accordingly, their satisfaction plays an important role in e-government success. Although several models have been proposed to assess the success of e-government services through measuring users' satisfaction levels, they fail to provide a comprehensive evaluation model. This study provides an insight and critical analysis of the extant literature to identify the most critical factors and their manifested variables for user satisfaction in the provision of e-government services. The various manifested variables are then grouped into a new quantitative analysis framework consisting of four main constructs: cost; benefit; risk and opportunity (COBRA) by analogy to the well-known SWOT qualitative analysis framework. The COBRA measurement scale is developed, tested, refined and validated on a sample group of e-government service users in Turkey. A structured equation model is used to establish relationships among the identified constructs, associated variables and users' satisfaction. The results confirm that COBRA framework is a useful approach for evaluating the success of e-government services from citizens' perspective and it can be generalised to other perspectives and measurement contexts. / (PIAP-GA-2008-230658) from the European Union Framework Program7 and another grant (NPRP 09-1023-5-158) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation)

Yes / This research aims to identify users who are posting as well as encouraging others to post low-quality and duplicate contents on community question answering sites. The good guys called Caretakers and the bad guys called Reputation Collectors are characterised by their behaviour, answering pattern and reputation points. The proposed system is developed and analysed over publicly available Stack Exchange data dump. A graph based methodology is employed to derive the characteristic of Reputation Collectors and Caretakers. Results reveal that Reputation Collectors are primary sources of low-quality answers as well as answers to duplicate questions posted on the site. The Caretakers answer limited questions of challenging nature and fetches maximum reputation against those questions whereas Reputation Collectors answers have so many low-quality and duplicate questions to gain the reputation point. We have developed algorithms to identify the Caretakers and Reputation Collectors of the site. Our analysis finds that 1.05% of Reputation Collectors post 18.88% of low quality answers. This study extends previous research by identifying the Reputation Collectors and 2 how they collect their reputation points.

Yes / Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the integrated impact of the application of protection measures against identity theft on consumers’ synergistic perception of trust, the cost of products/services and operational performance (OP) – all of which in turn is postulated to contribute to purchase intention (PI) when shopping online. Design/methodology/approach: In order to accomplish the specified aim, this study first conducted an experiment by involving the students from a university in Bangladesh. Then a survey was conducted to capture their opinion based on the previous experiment. Findings: The study identified that in e-commerce, OP and trust have potential impact on pursuing consumers’ PI. Traditionally, price is always an issue in marketing; however, for e-commerce, this issue does not have direct impact on PI. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this study is that a less established e-commerce example was utilized to conduct the experiment and survey for validating the model. Also, the study was conducted only in the context of Bangladesh and a student sample was utilized. Future studies can test the model in different contexts (particularly to verify the impact of privacy) by utilizing data from consumers. Practical implications: This study has resolved a controversial issue by generating clear guidelines that the overall conjoint effect of OP, trust, and price on PI is neither negative nor neutral. Synergistically, the application of these controlling tools of identity theft can substantially enhance consumers’ trust, which is the single most predictor to pursue consumer PI. Originality/value: This study has provided in-depth insight into the impact of different controlling measures in e-commerce PI. Practitioners have potential learning from this study that if consumers find the application of different controlling mechanisms against cybercrimes, particularly identity theft, enhancing the reliability, authenticity and security of transactions in this virtual medium, they do not mind paying a higher price. Such insights have not been provided by existing studies on this topic. Developing trust on e-commerce purchase is the driving force, not the price.

This study examines how young people, in particular adolescents in the ages 18 to 20 years old, use Tiktok to access news. A qualitative interview survey is conducted and analyzed based on the uses-and-gratifications theory and the perception of News-Finds-Me. The respondents taking part in the interviews explain how they use Tiktok to access news, discuss the apps algorithms and how they function on Tiktok. They also talk about in what ways they are influenced by Tiktok and their view on Tiktok and misinformation. Among the respondents, it becomes clear that young people in the ages 18 to 20 years old use Tiktok as their first hand choice as a news source and that they use it every day - for many hours a day. These young adults still find Tiktok as a necessary social media to use to stay updated with world news and what is going on in society and to stay in tune with popular trends. The findings show that these young adults also use Tiktok to stay in touch with relatives and close and distant friends. It also appears that the young adults see Tiktok as a platform to waste time on when bored and that the negative side of using Tiktok for news is that you get addicted to the app, because of its addictive design and algorithms that suggest what you want to see on the app.

No / According to Lowe and Phillipson (2006) the traditional binary division into `basic¿ and `applied¿ research, have recently been extended to a new category called `strategic¿ research, signifying research which is both inter-disciplinary and interacts with research users. Sharp and Dixon (2007) have argued that there are different level of strategic research, signifying different levels of interaction, resource sharing, and joint development of outputs. Drawing on this understanding, this paper considers two user-oriented `Integrated Urban Drainage¿ pilot projects conducted during 2006-7, in order to consider what insights these `not-quite¿ research projects can yield about the nature of strategic research. The paper finds that the pilots were similar to other inter-disciplinary research projects ¿ except that they were commissioned and partly managed by practitioners. Common dilemmas, for example about the inter-linkages between work packages and about the extent of stakeholder interaction, highlight the increasingly fluid boundaries between the categories of `policy evaluation¿, `policy pilot¿ and `research project¿. The paper concludes that the concepts of `researcher¿ and `research user¿ might be replaced with a more flexible idea about `research stakeholders¿ whose varied interests in projects require a flexible communication strategy to fulfil a range of needs.

Yes / Involving patients and the public in all stages of research has been the focus of the SHARED study. Patient and public involvement (PPI) is an important strategic priority for the Department of Health and funders such as the National Institute for Health Research. The aim of this paper is to describe the benefits, challenges and costs involved in setting up the research study with lay members as part of the research team. The study focused on developing service user-led recommendations for people with memory loss and their carers, on discharge from acute hospital to the community. Methods: This began with a discussion of an initial research idea with a lay group of carers and people living with dementia. Once funded, approval was sought from the Research Ethics Committee and NHS Trusts to conduct the research including the active involvement of lay co-researchers. Finally, to recruit, train and pay lay co-researchers in their role. Results: The benefits of PPI have included developing ideas which are important to people living with memory loss; support for PPI received from the funders and research ethics committee, high levels of interest from volunteer groups, and lasting enthusiasm from many of the co-researchers. Organisational challenges were met in the requirement for research passports and with payment methods for the co-researchers. Training was beneficial but incurred extra costs for repeated training days. Discussion: Overall the benefits outweighed the challenges which were overcome to varying degrees. The lay co-researchers gained membership of a study group and a beneficial partnership developed with the third sector. The biggest challenge was in overcoming the differences in approach to lay co-researchers between NHS Trusts. Organisational culture has been slow to incorporate PPI and this has not yet been fully addressed. It has the potential to delay the start of projects, affect recruitment time, incur extra research costs and disadvantage PPI.

The administration software is a crucial component of any successful company. It is often overlooked, but it plays an essential role in ensuring the smooth operation of the business. It is the backbone of the company's operations, and it must be able to meet the evolving needs of its users. Although many people may not notice the admin systems, their impact on the overall performance of the company should not be underestimated. The system's ability to reduce the cognitive load on users helps them to work more efficiently and effectively. A well-designed user interface (UI) can also shorten the learning curve and reduce errors, resulting in cost and time savings for the company. This project delves into the design of Once Upon's administration system, aiming to enhance efficiency for expert users, those intimately familiar with the system. The study includes an analysis of the current software, identification of areas for improvement, and proposals for design modifications. The overarching goal is to reduce the workload and improve efficiency for the customer care team. The study employs the human-centred design thinking process, encompassing phases such as empathising, defining, ideating, prototyping, testing, and implementing. Methods include literature studies, heuristic evaluations, semi-structured interviews, affinity diagramming, brainstorming, and prototyping.  Key issues found in the study included intricate workflows, necessitating excessive steps for routine tasks, resulting in heightened cognitive load and slower task execution. The non-intuitive information architecture posed difficulties for users in navigating and locating essential data. Inconsistencies in language and icon usage introduced confusion, impacting the overall coherence of the system. Moreover, the absence of a clear visual hierarchy hindered users' ability to identify and retrieve crucial information swiftly. Addressing these issues was imperative for enhancing the overall usability and effectiveness of the administration software at Once Upon. The new design, addressing identified challenges, received positive feedback, showcasing improved clarity and aesthetics. Using the System Usability Scale, the current interface scored 68, while the prototype scored 94, indicating a substantial improvement in usability. Despite the promising results, the study acknowledges limitations, including a small sample size. Further testing and refinement of the proposed design changes are essential. The broader field requires additional research on defining efficiency in user systems, ensuring optimal design for work tools used predominantly by expert users.

This thesis evaluates the usability and user experience (UX) of the Nordnet mobile application, with a focus on the challenges or barriers faced by novice users. Nordnet is one of the leading digital platforms and banks for savings, investments, loans, and pensions, in the Nordic. As financial technologies continue to advance, good usability and user experience of mobile financial applications become important, especially for users with no or limited experience using financial applications such as Nordnet. Through a combination of usability testing with interviews and the use of the System Usability Scale (SUS), this study aims to uncover the primary barriers novice users encounter, and from those recommend design improvements to enhance the usability and overall user experience.The methodology used consists of a task-based evaluation with a total of five first-time users performing a predefined set of tasks to assess different usability aspects such as learnability, efficiency, cognitive load, and the overall user experience. The findings indicate significant challenges in navigation, feature discoverability, and complex interface, affecting the overall usability and user experience negatively. The overall usability rating calculated through the SUS questionnaire was rated as below average, with only one test participant rating it as above average. Despite these challenges, certain features were appreciated for their functionality and ease of use. Suggested improvements include simplifying the interface to reduce cognitive load and enhancing the clarity of icons with the help of text labels.This research contributes to the field by highlighting the critical areas where mobile financial applications such as Nordnet can improve to better serve its novice users.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and quality of on-line friendships, to find which individual characteristics differentiate people who look for and form on-line friendship(s) from those who don't, and to discover factors which are of importance for the development of on-line friendship(s). 574 Internet users completed an on-line questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) almost 50% of respondents had on-line friendship(s); (2) off-line friendships were better developed than on-line friendships. However, there was only a minor difference between the quality of the best off-line and best on-line friendships; (3) the Internet was a safe place for building personal relationships, especially for shy individuals; (4) people who felt lonely were more likely to turn to the Internet to find friends; (5) Internet usage and attitudes to the Internet were significant factors that differentiated those who looked for and formed friendship(s) on-line from those who didn't. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and extent of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among computer users in the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Abuja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 100 computer users aged between 18 and 40 years. The study findings revealed that 40 respondents (40%) were aware of CVS and 27 (27%) of them had knowledge of the disorder. 74 (74%) of the respondents experienced at least one symptom of CVS. Headache and eyestrain were the most common symptom of CVS among the population. The study also revealed that the internet (accounting for 50%) was the major source of information about CVS awareness. The study concluded that 27% knowledge level is too low and much emphasis is needed to educate the people at risk of CVS / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)