3456 ABSTRACT: Background: VHC is a widespread serious chronic infectious disease. Most of the patients affected by the disease consist of IDUs. Treatment of VHC is now perceived as an important preventive element for the spread of the disease in IDUs population. Adherence to treatment is absolutely crucial for the successful completion of treatment. Adherence to treatment is often questioned by clinicians who treat VHC in patients using addictive substances. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of treatment of VHC in patients with a history of drug in patients without a history of drug, to compare treatment adherence among patients without a drug history and patients with drug history, to map out the factors affecting adherence to treatment and to find a place in the therapeutic team for expertise of addictologist. Material and Methods: Data from documentation of 258 patients that were treated in 2006- 2015 for viral hepatitis C at the Department of Infectious Diseases at the University Hospital Brno have been processed with using the statistical and analytical methods and in compliance with ethical rules retrospectively. Adherence to treatment (defined as the completion or early termination of treatment due to non-compliance with the treatment regime by the patient) and the effectiveness of treatment, as...

OF THE THESIS Name: Bc. Lucie Fafejtová Specialization: Addictology Head of the thesis: PaedDr. Martina Richterová - Těmínová Opponent: Doc. MUDr. PhDr. Kamil Kalina, CSc. Pages: 118 The name of the thesis: BARRIERS IN EARLY ONSET OF DRUG USERS INTO THE TREATMENT Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to analyze the barriers to early onset of treatment for drug users and not just the first one, but also with other runs. The theoretical part focuses on the possible barriers for starting the treatment, and the factors that are important for change, treat and restoration of the client. It is mainly the individuality of clients (age, his fears, anxiety, lack of confidence and motivation for treatment); drug world, in which the client lives and his drug career; health of the client (including psychopathological complications), social background (regarding the criminal background and his relationship with the others and family) and also factors on the medical company side or treatment program. In the practical part I am focused on qualitative research of three focus groups, where the groups are divided by age to youth, adults and older clients. Focus of these groups is the existence of barriers for drug users to appear in time to treatment. The aim of this research is to compare these three focus groups and...

There is considerable evidence of the existence of audit expectation gap between auditors and the public in Sweden. However, conflicting views exist regarding the role of audit education in narrowing this gap. This thesis, therefore, aims to investigate if the teaching of audit courses for civilekonom students contributes in narrowing the expectation gap resulting from the misunderstanding of audit regulations as contained in ISA and ABL.A survey questionnaire containing seventeen semantic differential belief statements measured using the five-point Likert scale was completed by four groups of students; first-year civilekonom students with/without an audit education background and, final-year civilekonom accounting students with/without an audit education background (n=137). The questionnaire covered topics on; auditors’ responsibilities, audit reliability, and decision usefulness.The results of the study indicate audit education partially (at α 0.05) had an impact in reducing the AEG on the responsibilities of auditors especially on issues related to; auditors’ responsibility in maintaining accounting records, management’s responsibility for preparing the annual financial statements and auditors’ judgment in selecting audit procedures. However, audit education had no impact on auditors’ responsibilities in detecting fraud, audit reliability and reliability of financial statements, and decision usefulness. Furthermore, the limited sample size, low response rate and use of convenience sampling may affect the generalizability of the results. Additionally, the Cronbach Alpha would have been more reliable if more participants were involved.This study concludes by calling on educational institutions in Sweden to update their accounting curriculum to encompass topics related to the nature, scope, and limitations of audits based on ISA and ABL. Moreover, this study recommends the audit profession and regulators to design and implement policies aimed at improving users understanding of the nature, scope, and limitations of an audit through audit education, refresher courses and other forms of audit-user communication. This study extends previous studies on the AEG by ascertaining the role of audit education in narrowing the AEG.

A great number of female passengers appear to feel fear of crime in underground railways and appear to be affected by the problem in terms of their frequency of use of the underground service, compared to males. However, although it has been dealt with as a problem to be ameliorated in the underground by Transport for London (TFL), how the service is designed to affect their fear and what factors should be taken into account in underground service design to alleviate fear of crime have not been fully answered to date. This research, therefore, aims to identify the influential factors of service design of the underground on female users’ fear of crime by investigating the features and their configurations of the London Underground service, which mediate the user groups’ fear. In order to identify the influential design attributes of the London Underground, which mediate female users’ fear of crime in situations, first, literature on emotion and fear, gender and sex, and service design and the elements of service are reviewed to find the intersection among the research domains. Based on the theoretical foundation, two user studies are designed to identify the role of female users’ gender in the underground and the influential factors of the underground service on the groups’ fear. Thirty one female user interviews are accordingly conducted and analysed in an ‘abductive’ manner. As a result, the mechanisms of female users’ fear of crime in the underground are revealed and the service design attributes in the mechanism are identified. Consequently, a conceptual model of the influential factors of service design on female users’ fear of crime is developed.

Gamification in informationsystem and it´s influence on the users is processed in this study. Gamification means bringing elements from the gaming community and applicate them in another context. Purpose of the study is to look closer to how the users affects by gamification in informationsystem and also identify important aspects from a user-perspective point of view. To perform this study, semi-structured in-depth interviews were made, including nine users of a gamified informationsystem. The conclusion is the following: Gamification influence the commitment, working conditions, performance and progress of the users in a significant way. 17 elements important to consider from a user-perspective point of view when using gamification in informationsystem has been detected. / Denna studie behandlar gamifiering av informationssystem och gamifieringens påverkan på användarna. Gamifiering innebär att ta element ifrån spelvärlden och applicera dem i ett annat sammanhang, här ett informationssystem. Syftet med studien är att identifiera faktorer som ur ett användarperspektiv är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid gamifiering av informationssystem. För att genomföra denna undersökning har semistrukturerade djupintervjuer genomförts med nio användare av ett gamifierat informationssystem. Resultatet visar att gamifieringen påverkar användarnas engagemang, arbetssituation, prestation samt utveckling. Baserat på resultatet ges förslag på 17 faktorer, som ur ett användarperspektiv är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid användandet av gamifiering i informationssystem.

In the presented thesis I study new media and their possible misuse in misinformation. In the first part I describe basics of misinformation theory, categorization and present real example of misinformation by using traditional and new media and warn against risks related to its anonymous using. A characteristic of concrete new media is complemented with specific user behavior patterns. On last part I suggest concrete prospective ways of creating misinformation campaign with minimal cost and risk.

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) pode ser uma possibilidade de acesso a usuários de álcool em uso de risco ou dependência, sendo a Intervenção Breve (IB) uma possiblidade de intervenção. Este estudo clínico randomizado por cluster objetiva verificar a efetividade da IB quando comparado ao grupo controle. Os participantes do estudo (Grupo Intervenção - GI - e Grupo Controle - GC) foram contatados por visita domiciliar após indicação dos serviços de Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) da região Oeste de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Os usuários inclusos foram usuários maiores de 18 anos e com escore de consumo >= 7, segundo AUDIT. Os instrumentos utilizados foram AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test), perfil sociodemográfico e Diário de consumo de álcool. Após as intervenções foram realizados follow-up de um mês e seis meses após término da última intervenção. As medidas quantitativas de desfecho foram a pontuação no instrumento AUDIT, na qual se utilizou as alterações na pontuação do instrumento como balizador para verificar a efetividade das intervenções. No grupo intervenção realizou-se ainda uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise estatística foi feita com uso Regressão Linear Multinível para a amostra do estudo (23 participantes) e o mesmo com a amostra simulada de 30, 50 e 100 participantes hipotéticos. Os 23 participantes (12 do GI e 11 do GC) tinham média de idade em 48.2 anos, sendo 16 participantes homens (nove no GI e sete no GC). Sobre os anos de estudo, a média foi de 7.8 anos (GI a média foi de 9.5 e no GC 6.3 anos). No total, foram realizadas 323 visitas domiciliares. Referente consumo, a bebida mais escolhida foi cerveja e 15 dos 23 participantes não sabiam expressar como se sentiam antes da ingestão de bebida alcoólica. No que diz respeito ao uso de outras drogas na vida, dez participantes da amostra usavam apenas álcool (quatro do GI e seis do GC). Sete participantes usavam álcool e tabaco (quatro GI e três GC). Cinco participantes eram usuários de múltiplas drogas (3 GI e 2 GC). Entre as múltiplas drogas, as mais comuns foram a maconha e a cocaína. Sobre o comportamento de consumo abusivo de álcool episódico o consumo mais abusivo variou de 2,85 a 16, 2 doses. A média dos AUDIT durante o follow up não diferiu muito. A média de AUDIT do GI foi de 15.5 (T0), 16.25 (T1) e 11.6 (T2). Para o GC a média foi de 15.36 (T0), 8.1 (T1), 16.36 (T2). Sobre os resultados da efeito multinivel misto, na amostra real deste estudo não houve diferença significativa (p= 0.80) entre os grupo intervenção e controle, embora tenha sido observado efeito da intervenção. Sobre os dados prevenientes da simulação com tamanho amostral de 30, 50 e 100 participantes hipotéticos, não teve significância estatística, embora o efeito seja mantido. No que se refere aos resultados qualitativos, processados em três classes pelo software Alceste, foram analisados 74% do conteúdo textual, com riqueza de palavras de 94.05%, cujo conteúdo resultou em três classes: classe 1, com 33% da análise e correspondeu ao contexto geral do beber: pessoas e ocasiões que promovem ou desestimulam o beber, e os estímulos foram encontros com os amigos, os sentimentos negativos e às relações sociais; classe 2, 28% da análise e fez alusão ao indivíduo estar dependente de drogas em geral, situou o consumo de todas as substâncias (incluído o álcool) num contexto prejudicial; classe 3, que predominou com 39%, referiu-se ao indivíduo nos aspectos frequência, quantidade e abandono do consumo. Dados referentes ao perfil da amostra, bebida de escolha e influência cultural foram corroborados em outros estudos. Apareceu ainda que, o consumo de álcool não está vinculado apenas às preferências pessoais. O estudo revelou ser possível realizar a IB, todavia, há necessidade de encontrar as estratégias mais efetivas para contactar os usuários e envolver suas famílias e a equipe local dos serviços de saúde. O conhecimento de aspectos qualitativos mostrou que o consumo ligado ao hábito cotidiano pareceu se relacionar a padrão de consumo mensal alto, por isso, mais danoso. Inferiu-se ainda que nesta amostra esse padrão de consumo pode ser devido à carência de orientações e aconselhamento dos profissionais de saúde sobre o hábito de beber. As vivências sociais foram relacionadas ao consumo, prover espaços e momentos de lazer na comunidade sem o incentivo ao uso de álcool e/ou substâncias psicoativas, poderia auxiliar na diminuição do consumo ou abstinência das mesmas / Primary Health Care (PHC) may be a possibility for access to alcohol users who use risk or dependence and Brief Intervention (IB) is a possible intervention. Thus, this clinical trial randomized by cluster aimed to verify the effectiveness of IB when compared to the control group. The participants of the study (Intervention Group - IG - and Control Group - CG) were contacted by a home visit after indicating the Family Health Strategy (ESF) services of the West Region of Health of Ribeirão Preto/São Paulo state. The included users were users older than 18 years and with consumption score >= 7, according to AUDIT score. The instruments used were AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test), sociodemographic profile and Alcohol consumption diary. After the interventions, follow-up was performed one month and six months after the last intervention. The quantitative measures of outcome were the score in the AUDIT instrument, in which the changes in the instrument score were used as a benchmark to verify the effectiveness of the interventions. In the IG, a semi-structured interview was also carried out. The statistical analysis was done using Multi Level Linear Regression for the study sample (23 participants) and the same with the simulated sample of 30, 50 and 100 hypothetical participants. The 23 participants (12 from IG and 11 from CG) had a mean age of 48.2 years, of which 16 were men (nine in IG and seven in CG). Over the years of study, the mean was 7.8 years (mean IG was 9.5 and in CG 6.3 years). In total, 323 home visits were carried out. Regarding consumption, the most chosen beverage was beer and 15 of the 23 participants could not express how felt before drinking alcohol. Concerning the use of other drugs in life, ten participants in the sample used only alcohol (four from IG and six from CG). Seven participants used alcohol and tobacco (four IG and three CG). Five participants were users of multiple drugs (3 IG and 2 CG). Among the multiple drugs, the most common were marijuana and cocaine. On the behavior of abusive consumption episodic, the most abusive consumption ranged from 2.85 to 16.2 doses. The average AUDIT during the follow up did not differ much. The mean AUDI of the IG was 15.5 (T0), 16.25 (T1) and 11.6 (T2). For CG, the mean was 15.36 (T0), 8.1 (T1), 16.36 (T2). Concerning the results of the mixed multilevel effect, in the actual sample of this study there was no significant difference (p = 0.80) between the intervention and control groups, although the intervention effect was observed. Regarding the data of the simulation with sample size of 30, 50 and 100 hypothetical participants, it was not statistically significant also, although the effect was maintained. Regarding the qualitative results, processed in three classes by the software Alceste, 74% of the textual content was analyzed, with a wealth of words of 94.05%. Regarding Class 1, 33% of the analysis corresponds to the general context of drinking, people and occasions that promote or discourage drinking, where the incentive can be encounters with friends, negative feelings and social relations. Class 2 accounted for 28% of the analysis and refers to the individual being dependent of drugs in general, not just alcohol, placing the consumption of all substances in the same context. As for Class 3, higher class with 39%, refers to the individual regarding the frequency, quantity and abandonment of consumption. The knowledge of qualitative aspects showed us that the consumption linked to the daily habits seems to be related to patterns of high consumption monthly doses and, therefore, more harmful, even if in this sample it was observed that the consumption is high also possibly due to lack of guidance and conversations with professional about the habit of drinking. As the social experiences were related to the consumption high doses of alcohol, perhaps provide spaces and moments of leisure free alcohol could help in the diminution or abstinence to the alcohol

Esta dissertação se propõe a: apreender valores sociais contemporâneos, notadamente aqueles referidos ao consumo de drogas, discutir diferenças entre esses valores nos diferentes grupos sociais; e analisar possíveis relações entre esses valores. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório, descritivo e analítico que utilizou um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada para apreensão do objeto. Um total de 86 jovens participou, de diferentes regiões do município de Santo André, SP, Brasil - central, quase-central, quase-periférica e periférica. Os dados foram gravados, transcritos e analisados seguindo orientações da análise de conteúdo temática. A partir da categoria valores sociais, a análise captou o significado dos seguintes temas: juventude como provisoriedade, família como lócus de confiança, escola como degrau para o trabalho, trabalho como encaixe na formação social, realização como sucesso, futuro como acúmulo de capital, e consumo de drogas como um mal. Pode-se concluir que, especialmente nos grupos sociais moradores das regiões centrais, prevalecem: o elogio a valores provisórios de vivência juvenil - que prepara para o responsável mundo adulto, mais definitivo; valores de confiança na família que permite esse preparo pelo investimento na educação como dispositivo instrumental para apoiar a colocação compreendida como segura no mercado de trabalho - o que, por sua vez, permite realização através do sucesso de acúmulo de capital, sendo fácil invocar exemplos familiares de sucesso. Assim, é possível alimentar valores de livre-arbítrio quanto ao consumo de drogas, estando principalmente as drogas lícitas e entre as ilícitas, a maconha -, relacionadas a prazer e à socialização entre amigos. Isto posto, pode-se invocar a discussão social sobre o problema, sobre a liberalização de drogas ilícitas e sobre a complexidade do controle. Na outra ponta, nos grupos periféricos, pode-se verificar: a presença de valores sobre juventude que não são vivenciados concretamente pelos jovens moradores dessas regiões e que, portanto, estão carregados da ideologia dos grupos sociais moradores das regiões mais centrais; a família é valorizada como o lócus da sobrevivência, sendo a mãe a escolhida para depositar confiança, em função de sua presença constante; a escola pública é desvalorizada porque se encontra em péssimas condições, mas é obrigatória porque fornece o diploma de ensino médio, requisito para ingresso no mercado de trabalho, sendo que a faculdade é também vislumbrada apenas ideologicamente já que concretamente não é possível freqüentá-la; realização encontra-se associada a sucesso, especialmente daqueles que estão no glamour da mídia, sendo difícil invocar alguém da família para ocupar esse lugar. Nesse contexto, a droga mais maléfica é a ilícita, ela é vista como um mal, um caminho sem volta, os jovens devem evitá-la e a sociedade deve repressivamente controlar o consumo e oferecer tratamento aos dependentes. / The present research aims to: understand contemporary social values, notably those referring to drug use; discuss differences between these values in different social groups, and examine possible relationships between these values. This is a qualitative descriptive and analytic study which used a semi-structured interview guide for the object apprehension. A total of 86 youngsters participated, from 4 different regions of the city of Santo André, SP, Brazil - central, almost central, almost peripheral, and peripheral. Data were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed following guidelines of the thematic content analysis. From the perspective of social values, the analysis captured the meaning of the following topics: youth as temporariness; family as a confidence locus; school as a step towards work; work as a fitting tool in social formation; realization as success; future as the accumulation of capital and drugs consumption as an evil. Specifically regarding social groups living in the central regions, the study can conclude that the following values prevail: praise the provisional values of youthful experience which prepares youth for a more permanent and responsible adult world; confidence in the family that allows the preparation by investment in education as instrumental device to support placement in the work market, taken as certain; this realization is enabled through successful capital accumulation, being usually easy to name examples of success in the family. So it is possible to input values of free-will as to drug consumption, being especially licit drugs, and from the illicit, marijuana, related with pleasure and socializing with friends. Considering that, the social discussion about the problem can be raised, including the liberalization of illicit drugs and the complexity of control. At the other end, in the peripheral groups, it can be verified: the presence of values of youth which are not experienced by young residents of these areas, and therefore are filled with the ideology of residents of more centralized regions; their families are valued as the locus of survival, the mother being the one to trust, because of her constant presence; the public school is devalued because it is currently in terrible conditions but is mandatory since it provides high school certificate, a requirement for entry into the labor market. College is also envisioned only ideologically since you cannot actually attend it; we will find its realization is associated with success, especially those at the glamour of the media, being difficult to invoke one in the family to occupy this place. In this context, the illicit drug is most harmful; it is an evil, a one-way street; young people should avoid it and society must manage repressively consumption as well as offer treatment to addicts.

The latest developments of mobile devices include a variety of hardware features that allow for more rich data collection and services. Numerous sensors, Internet connectivity, low energy Bluetooth connectivity to other devices (e.g., smart watches, activity tracker, health data monitoring devices) are just some examples of hardware that helps to provide additional information that can be beneficially used for many application domains. Among others, they could be utilized in mobile learning scenarios (for data collection in science education, field trips), in mobile health scenarios (for health data collection and monitoring the health state of patients, changes in health conditions and/or detection of emergency situations), and in personalized recommender systems. This information captures the current context situation of the user that could help to make mobile applications more personalized and deliver a better user experience. Moreover, the context related information collected by the mobile device and the different applications can be enriched by using additional external information sources (e.g., Web Service APIs), which help to describe the user’s context situation in more details. The main challenge in context modeling is the lack of generalization at the core of the model, as most of the existing context models depend on particular application domains or scenarios. We tackle this challenge by conceptualizing and designing a rich generic context model. In this thesis, we present the state of the art of recent approaches used for context modeling and introduce a rich context model as an approach for modeling context in a domain-independent way. Additionally, we investigate whether context information can enhance existing mobile applications by making them sensible to the user’s current situation. We demonstrate the reusability and flexibility of the rich context model in a several case studies. The main contributions of this thesis are: (1) an overview of recent, existing research in context modeling for different application domains; (2) a theoretical foundation of the proposed approach for modeling context in a domain-independent way; (3) several case studies in different mobile application domains.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:54:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERPAULO ANACLETO NEVES.pdf: 3157130 bytes, checksum: 0cf8ffe81408930e67e0854181733521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Durante anos a hepatite C foi conhecida sob a designação de hepatite não-A e não- B. Somente após sua identificação em 1989 tornou-se evidente que um considerável número de pessoas estavam infectadas pelo HCV. A transmissão ocorre principalmente pela via sexual e pelo uso de drogas injetáveis. Dentro da mesma visão epidemiológica o HIV e o HCV apresentam-se hoje como um importante problema mundial de saúde pública. A coinfecção pelos vírus HCV e HIV, tende a agravar o quadro clínico do infectado. O HCV dificulta a reconstituição do sistema imunitário, eleva o risco de hepatotoxicidade e diminui o tempo para o aparecimento da AIDS e morte. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência da infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite C e coinfecção pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana na população de detentos do Complexo Prisional de Aparecida de Goiânia, apontar os comportamentos de riscos e os fatores associados às infecções. Estudo transversal, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Os detentos participantes foram submetidos à punção venosa para obtenção de amostras de soro e plasma, as quais foram submetidas a testes laboratoriais para a pesquisa do marcador sorológico anti-HCV, sendo os testes reagentes, submetidos à pesquisa do anti-HIV. O complexo prisional apresenta uma população total de 3250 indivíduos privados de liberdade. Destes, 1157 indivíduos aceitaram participar da pesquisa, sendo, 1015 do sexo masculino e 142 do sexo feminino. Utilizaram-se os testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher (ambos com nível de significância estatística de 5%) e a razão de prevalência com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Foram identificados 51 indivíduos detentos sororreagentes para o anti-HCV, sendo 44 homens e 7 mulheres, o que correspondeu a 4,4% quando comparado com a população total de participantes. Destes 51 indivíduos, 3 apresentavam como comorbidade o HIV, o que correspondeu a 5,9% de coinfecção HCV/HIV. Os resultados indicam que a condição de marginalização, o baixo nível socioeconômico dos detentos, a superpopulação das prisões e a precária condição de saúde contribuem para a disseminação de doenças nas prisões, sendo necessária a implantação de programas de saúde contínuos a fim de possibilitar medidas de controle e prevenção dessas infecções no ambiente prisional.