published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Background: Intravenous way of drug application is the most common between problem drug users at Prague. Due Mravčík et al. (2015), the estimate is, that there was a 15 700 intravenous drug users at Prague in 2014 (7 500 pervitin users, 2 500 heroin users and 5 700 buprenorphine users). And that they spend about 15,5 millions of syringes every year (Švůgerová, 2015). But the data in Annual report on drug situation 2014 says, there was only 2, 6 millions of syringes distributed (Mravčík et al., 2015). This means, that Prague intravenous drug users spend many more syringes, that are distributed by low-treshold services and pharmacies. That is a reason of charting of the behaviour of drug users in connection with application of addictive substance, especially how the consuption of injecting material is connected with single type of drug user. Aims: The main aim of the thesis is to find out the frequency of drug application in intravenous drug users and to estimate the total consumption of injecting materialial depended on single of users typology (used drugs, frequncy of contact with harm reduction services…) Research sample: The sample consists of 155 clients of harm reduction services at Prague (3 contact centers and 3 streetwork programs). All of the respondents stated the intravenous drug using in...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SARAH LAMARCK.pdf: 7375977 bytes, checksum: d0eca22151d3c10c015d79484d56f989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-16 / Current trends in criminal law propose replacing the deprivation of liberty for alternative sentences, focusing on education and prevention, particularly for illicit less offensive potential, given the high costs and damages arising from the prison to the individual and the community. It is proposed to analyze the criminal alternative used by Goiás Judiciary to replace the prison sentence for cases of individuals in conflict with the law, for unlawful conduct associated with problem drug use or under the influence of these, focusing on the Justice Programme Therapy adopted in Goiânia County. Through literature, with study of foreign and national literature, this last little, in addition to legislation, official documents and using qualitative and quantitative methodology, we proceeded to the analysis of the data, for the period 2010 to 2013. The study recovered the history of prohibition in the world and in Brazil, legislation influenced, and the essential concepts for understanding the action of the drug and its relationship to crime. The history of Therapeutic Jurisprudence were raised, of foreign origin, and national experience with theoretical support in Wexler and Winick (2002), Lima (2009) and Fensteseifer (2009). It appears that the criticism that the Therapeutic Justice homeland receives are unjustified because it differs from the American and Canadian model. The analysis of the experimental data in Goiânia-GO concluded that 43.60 % of the participants completed the program with an average duration of 12 months and 85.1 % of the participants had no involvement in criminal proceedings as defendants in the region, similar to the results International, showing that it is an effective alternative to criminal probation and reduction of recidivism. / As tendências atuais no Direito Penal propõem a substituição da pena privativa de liberdade por penas alternativas, com foco na educação e prevenção, principalmente em ilícitos de menos potencial ofensivo, face os elevados custos e danos oriundos do cárcere para o indivíduo e a comunidade. Propõe-se analisar a alternativa penal utilizada pelo Poder Judiciário de Goiás em substituição a pena de prisão para os casos de sujeitos em conflitos com a lei, por conduta ilícita associada ao consumo problemático de drogas ou sob a influência destas, focalizando o Programa Justiça Terapêutica adotado na Comarca de Goiânia. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, com estudo da literatura estrangeira e nacional, esta última escassa, além da legislação, documentos oficiais e utilizando metodologia quali-quantitativa, procedeu- se a análise dos dados obtidos, referente ao período de 2010 a 2013. O estudo recuperou a história do proibicionismo no mundo e no Brasil, a legislação que influenciou, e os conceitos essenciais para compreensão da ação das drogas e sua relação com criminalidade. Foram levantados os antecedentes da Therapeutic Jurisprudence, de origem estrangeira, e sua experiência nacional, com aporte teórico em Wexler e Winick (2002), Lima (2009) e Fensterseifer (2009). Constata-se que as críticas que a Justiça Terapêutica pátria recebe não se justificam porque difere do modelo americano e canadense. A análise dos dados da experiência na cidade de Goiânia-GO concluiu que 43,60% dos participantes concluíram o programa com duração média de 12 meses e 85,1% dos concluintes não tiveram envolvimento em ações penais como acusados na comarca, semelhantes aos resultados internacionais, mostrando que é uma alternativa penal eficaz para reinserção social e redução da reincidência penal.

本論文通過十二個月的田野研究，探討城市化進程中，鄉鎮、城鎮與城市等三個處於不同城市發展階段的地方，信息化進程中的性別政治有何異同。本研究的核心問題是：城鎮化與信息化的交互作用如何進行？在城鎮化與信息化同時推進的當下中國，個體，尤其是個體的性別化身體，如何與以電腦、互聯網爲代表的數字科技之間産生脫嵌與再嵌入的"雙向形塑關係？ / 本研究運用科技馴養、個體化和性別-科技共創理論，分析城鎮家庭中電腦和互聯網的社會化生活。本研究發現中國社會現代性建構中，城鎮用戶通過在家庭內部採用電腦和互聯網，逐步形成一種數字化家庭關係，其中互聯網本地化特徵明顯。此外，本研究還發現，性別化的網絡互連的個體化是當下中國社會中的城鎮化、信息化發展過程中的主要特徵。本研究採用綫上與綫下相結合的多點民族誌的混合方法，探討在中國城鎮化過程中研究性別與互聯網的共創關係。 / Based on ethnographic data collected in 12 months of field work, this thesis studies the gender politics in the process of digitization and urbanization by comparing the phenomenon in a village, a town, and a city. The three main research questions of this study are: How are the interactions between urbanization and digitalization? How do digitization and gender relations mutually construct each other in the process of urbanization? / Using theories of technology domestication, individualization theory and the mutual construction of gender and technology, I analyze the use of computers and internet in the social life of rural and town families. This research found out that in the process of modernization, as rural and town families adopted the use of computers and internet; they gradually transformed themselves into, digitalized families. Furthermore, the individualization of gendered networks stood out as the key characteristic of urbanization and digitalization of post socialist China. This research pioneered the combination of multi-sited ethnography and virtual ethnography in exploring the interplay between gender and the internet in Chinese urbanization. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 任珏. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-228). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Ren Jue.

This study contributes to the growth of design knowledge in China, where vehicle design for the local, older user is in its initial developmental stages. Therefore, this research has explored the travel needs of older Chinese vehicle users in order to assist designers to better understand users’ current and future needs. A triangulation method consisting of interviews, logbook and co-discovery was used to collect multiple forms of data and so explore the research question. Grounded theory has been employed to analyze the research data. This study found that users’ needs are reflected through various ‘meanings’ that they attach to vehicles – meanings that give a tangible expression to their experiences. This study identified six older-user need categories: (i) safety, (ii) utility, (iii) comfort, (iv) identity, (v) emotion and (vi) spirituality. The interrelationships among these six categories are seen as an interactive structure, rather than as a linear or hierarchical arrangement. Chinese cultural values, which are generated from particular local context and users’ social practice, will play a dynamic role in linking and shaping the travel needs of older vehicle users in the future. Moreover, this study structures the older-user needs model into three levels of meaning, to give guidance to vehicle design direction: (i) the practical meaning level, (ii) the social meaning level and (ii) the cultural meaning level. This study suggests that a more comprehensive explanation exists if designers can identify the vehicle’s meaning and property associated with the fulfilled older users’ needs. However, these needs will vary, and must be related to particular technological, social, and cultural contexts. The significance of this study lies in its contributions to the body of knowledge in three areas: research methodology, theory and design. These theoretical contributions provide a series of methodological tools, models and approaches from a vehicle design perspective. These include a conditional/consequential matrix, a travel needs identification model, an older users’ travel-related needs framework, a user information structure model, and an Older-User-Need-Based vehicle design approach. These models suggest a basic framework for the new design process which might assist in the design of new vehicles to fulfil the needs of future, aging Chinese generations. The models have the potential to be transferred to other design domains and different cultural contexts.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and quality of on-line friendships, to find which individual characteristics differentiate people who look for and form on-line friendship(s) from those who don't, and to discover factors which are of importance for the development of on-line friendship(s). 574 Internet users completed an on-line questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) almost 50% of respondents had on-line friendship(s); (2) off-line friendships were better developed than on-line friendships. However, there was only a minor difference between the quality of the best off-line and best on-line friendships; (3) the Internet was a safe place for building personal relationships, especially for shy individuals; (4) people who felt lonely were more likely to turn to the Internet to find friends; (5) Internet usage and attitudes to the Internet were significant factors that differentiated those who looked for and formed friendship(s) on-line from those who didn't. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and extent of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among computer users in the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Abuja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 100 computer users aged between 18 and 40 years. The study findings revealed that 40 respondents (40%) were aware of CVS and 27 (27%) of them had knowledge of the disorder. 74 (74%) of the respondents experienced at least one symptom of CVS. Headache and eyestrain were the most common symptom of CVS among the population. The study also revealed that the internet (accounting for 50%) was the major source of information about CVS awareness. The study concluded that 27% knowledge level is too low and much emphasis is needed to educate the people at risk of CVS / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 25151045 bytes, checksum: b54489b9891a08627944d8757da5648f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Named LETTING DOWN THE BACKSTAGE: THE LOOK OF THE PARAIBANOS MUSEUMS S INTERNAL USERS , this dissertation was thought from the Museum staff concerns, through monthly meetings of the Network of Educators in museums in Paraíba REM/PB, of which we are members. Such concerns led to reflections about the design they formulated of their workplace and if there was access and influence of formal and dominant concepts. This guided the elaboration of our goal which is to analyze the design of the museum from the perspective of the internal users of these memoryinstitutions in the state of Paraiba, specifically the active members of REM/PB. Accepting the definition of Costa et. al (2009) about user, and the one of Nuñez de Paula (2000) about internal user , we then call internal users the subjects hierarchically linked to the institution in which they work that, in need of information, use it. Thus, we consider as internal users of museums the subjects who use the information in their work in these institutions. On this documentary, exploratory and purposeful research, we used an auto-questionnaire as data collection method. It was applied after adjustments from the pre-test with the active members of REM/PB, regulars at least three annual meetings, over the internet (the most common form of communication between the members of REM/PB) and also in attendance. With quantitative and qualitative approach, the data were weighted based on content analysis (BARDIN; FRANCO). For this, categories were established and inserted in the chapters related to their respective theme. By this way, we believe that the internal user notice the REM/PB as a political, informative, cultural, symbolic and cultural space. This user considers himself a collaborator, an integral part of the museum and also its representative, perceiving himself as multifunctional and, despite pointing several problems found in museums, demonstrates satisfaction with his work. By this sense, the internal users conceive the museum as a dynamical space, the result of the (re) construction and (re) meanings of users ( internal and external ) to preserve the identity and culture of a people from informational and educational practices. / Intitulada DESCORTINANDO BASTIDORES: O OLHAR DOS USUÁRIOS INTERNOS DOS MUSEUS PARAIBANOS , esta dissertação foi pensada a partir de questionamentos sobre os funcionários dos museus paraibanos, através das reuniões mensais da Rede de Educadores em Museus na Paraíba REM/PB, da qual somos membros. Tais inquietações provocaram reflexões acerca da concepção que os mesmos formulavam quanto ao seu local de trabalho e se existiriam acesso e influência de conceitos formais dominantes. Este ponto guiou a elaboração do nosso objetivo que é analisar a concepção de museu sob a ótica dos usuários internos dessas instituições-memórias no Estado da Paraíba, especificamente os membros ativos da REM/PB. Aceitando a definição de Costa et. al (2009), sobre usuário, e Nuñez de Paula (2000), acerca de usuário interno , passamos a denominar usuários internos os sujeitos, vinculados hierarquicamente à instituição na qual trabalham, que necessitando da informação utilizam-na. Assim, consideramos como usuários internos dos museus os sujeitos que usam a informação em seu labor nestas instituições. Utilizamos nesta pesquisa documental, exploratória e propositiva o questionário autopreenchido como método de coleta de dados. Este foi aplicado após ajustes efetuados a partir do pré-teste junto aos membros ativos da REM/PB, frequentadores de no mínimo três reuniões anuais, via internet (forma mais comum de comunicação entre os membros da REM/PB) e também de forma presencial. Com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, os dados foram ponderados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN; FRANCO). Para tanto, foram estabelecidas categorias e inseridas nos capítulos referentes ao seu respectivo tema. Deste modo, entendemos que o usuário interno percebe a REM/PB como espaço político, informativo, cultural, simbólico e cultural. Este usuário se considera colaborador e parte integrante do museu como também seu representante, percebendo-se de forma multifuncional e, apesar de apontar diversos problemas encontrados nos museus, demonstra-se satisfeito com o seu labor. Neste sentido, os usuários internos concebem o museu como espaço dinâmico, fruto das (re)construções e (re)significações dos usuários ( internos e externos ) para preservação da identidade e cultura de um povo a partir de práticas informacionais e educativas.

Denna studie undersöker hur olika beröringspunkter påverkar kundengagemanget inom dagligvaruhandeln. Då trenden går mot att se till kundens helhetsupplevelse inom ett företags ekosystem snarare än det enskilda köpet blir kundengagemang och omnikanal två begrepp som kan ses som högst aktuella att studera när företag idag ska utforma sin beröringspunktarkitektur. Beröringspunkter är alla de kontaktpunkter, såväl fysiska som digitala, mellan ett varumärke och en kund. Dessa beröringspunkter verkar tillsammans och bidrar alla genom omnikanalsperspektivet till en sammansatt kundupplevelse. Skapandet av denna upplevelse kallas tjänstedesign och inbegriper att noggrannt orkestrera den beröringspunktsarkitektur i vilket kunden befinner sig under sin kundresa. Vidare undersöker denna studie ovannämnda process i ljuset av Process Virtualization Theory (PVT) vilken verkar som ett verktyg för att förstå i vilken utsträckning en beröringspunkt lämpar sig för digitalisering. Därtill appliceras Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT) för att förstå de bakomliggande faktorer som påverkar kundengagemang. Mot bakgrund av detta teoretiska ramverk utförs tretton stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med card sorting för att undersöka vilka attityder och beteende som finns relaterade till de olika beröringspunkterna för ett specifikt företag inom den svenska dagligvaruhandeln. Resultatet visar att de viktigaste beröringspunkterna för kundengagemang är erbjudanden, rabatter och medlemskap samt den fysiska butiken. Den sistnämnda inbegriper butikens atmosfär, utbud och geografiska läge. Dessa beröringspunkter är den huvudsakliga anledningen till att en kund väljer att handla hos en viss butik. Det finns även andra faktorer som påverkar valet och olika faktorer spelar olika stor roll beroende på situation, dock antyder resultaten att de andra faktorerna oftast endast spelar en sekundär roll. Resultaten kan även till stor del förklaras av de två ovannämnda modellerna. För att öka sitt kundengagemang som företag inom dagligvaruhandeln förslås slutligen att det bör investeras i digitala lösningar som förstärker upplevelsen kring beröringspunkter i omnikanaler, i den usträckning PVT-modeller antyder att det skulle vara lämpligt. Dessa lösningar bör även inkorporera de motivationsfaktorer som UGT-modellen föreslår i de viktigaste beröringspunkterna. Ett användande av dessa lösningar som digitala verktyg skulle möjligtvis kunna leda till att den fysiska och digitala världen bättre kan mötas genom en omnikanal vilket slutligen bidrar till en mer sammansatt och positiv kundupplevelse genom hela kundresan. / This paper examines the importance of different touchpoints within a customer journey for increased customer engagement, focusing specifically on the grocery market. Because of the trend within the commerce industry to consider at customer’s overall experience as oppose to the individual purchase, customer engagement and omnichannel are therefore highly relevant approaches for a company to consider when forming their touchpoint architecture.  Touchpoints can be physical as well as digital points of contact between a brand and a customer. These touchpoints normally work in joint co-operation with each other, through omnichannels, for a complete customer experience. This complete experience is formed through the process of service design which includes a thoroughly designed touchpoint architecture in which the customer travels as part of her customer journey. Furthermore, this paper examines to which extent a process can be digitalised through applying the Process Virtualization Theory (PVT) model. In order to understand the customer engagement process and the reasons behind customer engagement the Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT) model is also applied. With this theoretic background in place thirteen semi-structured interviews with a card sorting exercise was conducted to examine the attitudes and behaviours related to, and associated with, a company’s touchpoints within the Swedish grocery market industry. The customer research presented in this paper shows that the most important touchpoints for customer engagement are store offers and discounts, a grocery store’s atmosphere and supply and finally store location. These touchpoints are the main reasons to why customers choose to engage with a grocery store brand as they are perceived as the most important reasons a specific brand is chosen. There are other reasons too, and often the choice of brand is also determined by convenience and time available. However, the study shows that these reasons are only secondary to the former reasons. These results are supported by the two models mentioned above. In order to increase customer engagement a brand should therefore put resources into digital solutions, to the extent possible according to the PVT model, to reinforce the motivational factors from the UGT-model in these touchpoints. This way the physical and digital world would meet through omnichannel as the solutions would assist customers in their customer journey to make their overall experience better.

The main goal of the theoretical part of submitted theses is to describe the field of specialized treatment of imprisoned drug users. The author's emphasis is to put the specialized treatment to a broader frame of the Risk-needs theory as well as to the frame of physical diseases and mental disorders that are often associated with addiction or drug abuse. Different kinds of specialized interventions that are usually used for treatment of imprisoned drug users in different countries are described. There is although demonstrated in which way these interventions are implemented in Czech prison system. By these interventions are especially meant treatment on the entry at the prison, detoxification, counselling and other programs and interventions with low intensity. Especial emphasis is put on residential prison programmes such as prison therapeutic communities for drug users and on opioid substitution treatment. A great number of pages are dedicated to the research of effectivity of treatment programmes. In the practical part of submitted theses results of cross-sectional study that was implemented in all Czech prisons in three waves in 2010, 2012 and 2014 are presented. Representative samples of Czech prisoners were chosen for the purpose of this cross-sectional study. These prisoners were asked to...