Abstract To tell the nonfiction biography of Christopher McCandless in Into the Wild Jon Krakauer uses a plethora of references to Henry D. Thoreau. In this thesis I study how Krakauer uses Thoreau while balancing on the fine line that differentiates the historian from the storyteller. Through an analysis of Krakauer’s use of Thoreau’s economic ideas, liberal ideas, and view of nature and wilderness I argue that Krakauer blurs a pragmatic understanding of Thoreau and uses techniques of fiction to characterize McCandless as a late Thoreauvian transcendentalist. By doing so, Krakauer explains and defends the protagonist’s actions from criticism making him appear as a character whose story is exceptional. However, the characterization of the protagonist as a follower of Thoreauvian ideals by means of a partial and romantic interpretation of Thoreau is misleading and does not provide us with a better understanding of the life of McCandless. Moreover, the romantic image of Thoreau advanced by Krakauer reflects Krakauer, or at least his times; particularly, it reflects Krakauer’s own view of wilderness and his concern for its impending demise. Consequently, I conclude that Krakauer’s version of McCandless’s story is perhaps too biased to amount to a strong historical narrative and be considered proper nonfiction. Nevertheless, the romanticized characterization of McCandless aids Krakauer to write a more appealing story.

The thesis examines Bolivian fiction written about the war with Paraguay (1932-35), known as the Chaco War. The study takes two different perspectives: the first considers the fiction as works of literature, and studies three major aspects of fictional writing: narrative organization, characterization arid figurative language, in order to investigate the constraints imposed upon writers who produce fiction about an historical event, (in this instance a military conflict). The second perspective views the works of fiction as historical documents and assesses their informative value by comparing factual information supplied in the novels with that provided in historiographical accounts and also by examining the kind of information which is the peculiar contribution of fiction to the understanding of an historical event. These two examinations are undertaken in Chapters V and VI respectively, and constitute the main body of the thesis. In order to place them in a wider context, the thesis considers previous critical studies of Chaco War fiction (in the Introduction). There follows a study of the relationship between the writing of contemporary history and documentary fiction (Chapter I), a brief summary of the Chaco War (Chapter II), an examination of some possible influences and precedents (Chapter III) and a survey of the writers and the works of Bolivian fiction of the Chaco War (Chapter IV). The conclusion suggests that the problems encountered by writers of documentary fiction are those faced by any naturalist writer, compounded here by the nature of the subject matter. If they cannot fully succeed on an artistic level, however, these works do provide a view of the historical facts of the war which is reasonably accurate. In addition they lead to a distinctive understanding of the war as an historical experience which no historiographical work can produce.

Hierdie studie ondersoek vrae rondom die aard van literêre niefiksie - ook die vierde genre genoem. Die bestaande drieledige genreklassifikasiesisteem maak nie voldoende voorsiening vir tekste waarin die grense tussen feit en fiksie opgehef word nie. Die toename van sodanige hibriede tekste noodsaak dus ‘n uitbreiding van tradisionele genrekategorieë tot ‘n vierde, naamlik dié van literêre niefiksie. Dié ondersoek poog om vrae rondom literêre niefiksie te beantwoord met verwysing na De plaag: het stille knagen van schrijvers, termieten en Zuid-Afrika (2001) van David van Reybrouck. Dié teks dokumenteer Van Reybrouck se ondersoek na die bewering dat Maurice Maeterlinck die termietnavorsing van Eugène Marais sonder erkenning oorgeneem het. Tydens sy navorsingsreis maak Van Reybrouck kennis met die verwikkeldhede van ‘n postapartheid Suid-Afrika en verwoord sy reiservaring met behulp van metafore uit die entomologie. Die resultaat is dat De plaag ‘n hibriede karakter vertoon wat versoenbaar is met die kriteria vir literêr-niefiksionele tekste. / This study attempts to explore the nature of literary nonfiction (the fourth genre). The existing tripartite classification system does not make adequate provision for texts where the borders between nonfiction and fiction are transcended. A marked increase in such texts therefore necessitates an expansion of the traditional genre categories to accommodate a fourth, namely that of literary nonfiction. De plaag: het stille knagen van schrijvers, termieten en Zuid-Afrika (2001) by David van Reybrouck will serve as point of departure to explore the genre of literary nonfiction. The said text documents Van Reybrouck’s investigation into the alleged plagiarism by Maeterlinck of Marais’ research on termites. Van Reybrouck’s travels expose him to the complexities of a post-apartheid South Africa, which he expresses by using metaphors derived from the field of entomology. The result of this process is that De plaag displays a hybrid character which complies with the criteria for literary nonfiction. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-20T14:39:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2509491 bytes, checksum: f01d0a5eb686bcd5b04e8a6c29c6133c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T14:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2509491 bytes, checksum: f01d0a5eb686bcd5b04e8a6c29c6133c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-17 / This project aims to create a creative nonfiction book that will have profile stories of artists from the Brazilian state of Paraíba, and that will be achieved through narratives of Literary Journalism. Because of the new technologies and the unstoppable flow of information, the majority of daily news is superficial and direct, which makes it hard deepening the subjects they refer to. Literary Journalism in the other hand puts together techniques from journalism and literature, as procedures of observation, description and narrative, in order to humanize as much as possible the reports and give cadence to the text. It‘s noticeable that news based on Literary Journalism is related to cultural events or press releases sent by media offices. That makes it difficult for society to have a clear idea of its own culture and knowledge about its own artists. Therefore, the creative nonfiction book purposed in this project will contain six profile stories of artists from Paraíba with established careers in many segments, willing to show their personal lives and production over the years as well as the historic and cultural context in which they have been involved. The option for a creative nonfiction book is due to the fact it is a tool that allows journalists to write deep reports with deeper investigation and also freedom on the narrative stylistics. / O presente projeto tem como proposta a criação de um livro-reportagem, contendo perfis jornalísticos de artistas paraibanos, utilizando o Jornalismo Literário como estilo de narrativa, visto que, devido à velocidade das informações e às novas tecnologias, as reportagens realizadas no jornalismo cotidiano, na maioria das vezes, são reducionistas, dificultando, assim, o aprofundamento do tema. O Jornalismo Literário reúne as técnicas do jornalismo com as narrativas advindas da literatura, como procedimentos de observação, descrição e narração, a fim de humanizar ao máximo a matéria e dar mais fluidez ao texto. Percebe-se também que, no jornalismo cultural, as matérias publicadas nos meios de comunicação são relacionadas a eventos culturais ou aos releases enviados pelas assessorias de imprensa. Isso limita a sociedade no sentido de ter uma visão mais crítica sobre sua cultura e mais conhecimento sobre seus artistas. Neste sentido, o trabalho apresentará seis perfis de artistas da Paraíba, de diversos segmentos, com uma carreira mais consolidada, de modo que se conheça a obra e a vida destes personagens e o contexto histórico-cultural no qual ele está envolvido. Para isso, a escolha de um livro-reportagem, como o produto a ser desenvolvido, é motivada, principalmente, por ser uma ferramenta que permite trabalhar com a reportagem em profundidade, na qual se pode ter uma investigação mais elaborada e maior liberdade narrativa.

While women have had a profound impact in the world of science, they struggle to gain an equal foothold in many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields today. This has led to considerable public and private sector efforts to recruit women into these arenas. In order to understand how schools and nonprofits engage today's young women in STEM studies, this account includes time spent both in high school science classrooms and with ChickTech -- a Portland-based organization that works to provide a pathway into tech careers for high school-aged girls. A historical perspective reveals that modern women aren't treading into completely uncharted territory, in spite of the current disparity of representation in today's STEM arenas. This perspective is offered via an examination of the lives of a group of extraordinary women who worked in astronomy at Harvard College Observatory from the late 1800s into the 1960s. While several noteworthy women are discussed, the focus here is on Cecilia Payne, the first person to earn a Ph.D. in astronomy at Harvard, and one of the 20th century's greatest astronomers. A great many people have never heard of her . . . yet.

Denna uppsats kommenterar min översättning från engelska till svenska av kapitel sju ur The IT support handbook av Mike Halsey. Källtextanalysen visar att texten är pedagogisk men jargongartad på grund av sin breda målgrupp. Syftet är att ge lättläst information och instruktioner. På grund av detta valdes Vermeers Skoposteori och Nords instrumentella översättning som översättningsprincip. Jag använder Nords kategorier för översättningsproblem och översättningssvårigheter för att diskutera arbetet. Svårigheterna är beroende av översättare och situation. Kategoriseringen tyder på att översättningsstudenter kan ha goda språkliga färdigheter men bristande sakkunskap. Lösningarna på främst konventionsrelaterade och lingvistiska problem visar att måltexten anpassats till mottagaren, vilket resulterat i en instrumentell översättning. Samtidigt tilläts vissa främmande drag från källkulturen som kulturella referenser kvarstå, eftersom dessa redan inkorporerats i målkulturen. / This essay covers my translation from English to Swedish of chapter seven of Mike Halsey’s The IT support handbook. The source text is pedagogical and easy to read, while also including a lot of jargon due to its broad target group. The purpose is giving easy to read information and instructions. The translation principle chosen is Vermeer and Nord’s skopos theory and instrumental translation. I use Nord’s categories of translation problems and difficulties for discussion. The difficulties suggest that translation students can have reliable linguistic skills but insufficient subject knowledge. The solutions for mainly convention-related and linguistic problems show how the target text has been adapted to its readers, resulting in an instrumental translation. Some cultural references remain in the target text however, since they were already incorporated into the target culture.

This creative nonfiction dissertation is a book of essays that explore the author's life and relationship to Upstate New York. The project also connects this experience to gender and trauma. Though the topics range from local history to cosmetic surgical procedures, the essays are collected by how they illuminate cultural tensions and universal truths. These essays are preceded by a critical preface that examines the differences between essays collections, books of essays, and argues for the recognition of narrative nonfiction as an artistic choice.

[pt] Foram muitas as vezes em que o jornalismo se aliou à literatura para a produção de reportagens, mas menos célebres aquelas em que, para isso, a linguagem dos jornais e revistas foi além do empréstimo de características da ficção. Nesse sentido, o espaço que a obra da repórter americana Janet Malcolm (1934-2021) ocupa pode ser visto como um entrelugar que une o ritmo do chamado jornalismo narrativo ao comentário, à análise e à reflexão. A investigação que seus relatos proporcionam tem por interesse não só a resolução do caso, mas sobretudo a inspeção constante da própria linguagem jornalística, o lugar da repórter na apuração dos fatos e as contradições do texto de não ficção. Essas características propõem uma aproximação da obra de Malcolm com o gênero do ensaio, relação que se evidencia no prolongamento de trechos em que a autora suspende a toada do relato para emitir as próprias ideias sobre o que encontra pelo caminho. Com o objetivo de aferir os modos pelos quais a jornalista insere e trabalha essas análises no texto, além do efeito que elas produzem na peça que escreve, esta dissertação aproxima Malcolm do ensaísmo e sugere a junção dos dois elementos para considerar uma reportagem marcada pelo pensamento em movimentação constante. Para isso, não só leituras célebres sobre teoria do ensaio serão consideradas, como também terá lugar o ímpeto próprio da autora com os temas da verdade e da franqueza, desencadeadores da metalinguagem em suas matérias. / [en] There are many occasions in which journalism has allied itself with literature in the production of feature story reporting. Less celebrated, however, are times that, in order to accomplish that goal, the language of newspapers and magazines went beyond simply borrowing elements from fiction writing. The place occupied by the work of Janet Malcolm (1934-2021) can be seen as a space in-between the two languages that unites the rhythm from the so-called narrative journalism text with commentary, analysis and reflection. The investigation featured in her pieces focus not only on the resolution of the narrative problems, but mainly on the constant inspection of journalistic language, the reporter s approach to gathering information, as well as the contradictions in writing nonfiction texts. These aspects can approximate Malcolm s work with the essay genre, a bond that shows itself in passages where the author stops the narrative progression to display her own ideas on the story. In order to scrutinize the ways in which Malcolm introduces and works with this type of analysis, as well as the effect that they have in her pieces, this thesis connects Malcolm and essayism to propose a kind of feature story writing that is defined by its display of the ever-changing thought process of the writer in the creation of the text. In order to develop this approximation, not only the most famous theories of the essay are taken into consideration, but also the writer s will to address the themes of truth, sincerity and metalanguage in her pieces of journalism.

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