O primeiro passo para entender as funções da microbiota do trato digestivo na biologia dos insetos consiste na identificação dos membros destas comunidades. Neste trabalho, as bactérias presentes no mesêntero de lagartas da broca da cana-de-açúcar, Diatraea saccharalis e da lagarta-do-cartucho-do-milho, Spodoptera frugiperda, provenientes de diferentes localidades, espécies ou variedades de plantas hospedeiras, foram identificadas por isolamentos em meio de cultura TSA (Triptona de Soja Agar) e por técnicas moleculares que independem do cultivo dos microrganismos. As lagartas de D. saccharalis foram coletadas em nove variedades de cana-deaçúcar nos municípios paulistas de Bocaina, Tanabi e Luís Antônio. S. frugiperda foram coletadas diretamente no campo em milho em Piracicaba-SP e populações de campo e de laboratório foram também alimentadas com dieta artificial, milho, algodão, sorgo e arroz. Foram utilizadas 90 lagartas de D. saccharalis e 40 de S. frugiperda sendo a microbiota de cada lagarta avaliada individualmente. As bactérias isoladas foram testadas quanto à capacidade de degradação de celulose, hemicelulose, lignina e bagaço de cana. A caracterização molecular foi realizada por DGGE (Gel de eletroforese em gradiente desnaturante) usando-se a região 16S do RNA ribossômico amplificado de DNA metagenômico extraído do mesêntero de 57 lagartas de D. saccharalis e 26 de S. frugiperda. Posteriormente, 6 destas amostras de DNA metagenômico de cada uma das espécies de insetos foram clonadas e as 12 bibliotecas de clones foram sequenciadas. A comunidade de bactérias cultiváveis das duas espécies de insetos é composta por representantes dos filos Firmicutes, Proteobacteria e Actinobacteria. A afiliação filogenética das seqüências das bibliotecas de clones de rRNA 16S revelou a ocorrência, além destes filos, de Bacteroidetes em D. saccharalis e Bacteroidetes e Acidobacteria em S. frugiperda. Somente bactérias isoladas de D. saccharalis apresentaram resposta positiva nos testes de degradação in vitro para celulose, hemicelulose, lignina e bagaço de cana. A capacidade destes microrganismos de degradar celulose foi maior do que hemicelulose e poucos produziram enzimas para degradar lignina. Somente duas bactérias apresentaram resposta positiva aos testes de degradação para todas estas fontes de carbono. As seqüências de rRNA 16S destas se agrupam com representantes de Phyllobacterium trifolii e Bacillus subtilis. O maior número de sequências de bactérias cultiváveis pertence aos gêneros Bacillus (26,4 e 32.4% em D. saccharalis e S. frugiperda, respectivamente), Enterococcus (12,1 e 13%) e Microbacterium (18 e 12%). As análises das seqüências obtidas do DNA metagenômico revelaram que Klebsiella esteve presente em todas as amostras analisadas de D. saccharalis. As comunidades de bactérias em S. frugiperda apresentaram maior variação em função do alimento. Entretanto, Ralstonia e Hydrogenophilus estiveram presentes na maioria das lagartas. As variações das estruturas das comunidades bacterianas de S. frugiperda e de D. saccharalis estão diretamente relacionadas com a origem das populações e o tipo de alimentação dos insetos. A presença constante de algumas bactérias na maioria dos insetos indica que estas possam ser indispensáveis, exercendo alguma função vital para o inseto ou que apresentam alguma relação vantajosa para o hospedeiro. / The identification of members of the microbe communities is the first step to understand their roles on insect biology. We have characterized the midgut bacterial community of fifth ínstar caterpillars of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, and of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, through isolation on tryptic soy agar medium and through culture-independent molecular techniques. D. saccharalis caterpillars were collected on nine sugarcane varieties in Bocaina, Tanabi and Luís Antônio cities in São Paulo State. S. frugiperda were collected directly from corn fields in Piracicaba-SP and field and laboratory populations were reared on artificial diet, corn, cotton, sorghum and rice. Ninety D. saccharalis caterpillars and 40 S. frugiperda caterpillars were used. The microbiota community of each caterpillar was evaluated individually. The ability of bacterial isolates to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and sugarcane bagasse was assessed. The molecular analyses were based on Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences amplified from metagenomic DNA extracted from 57 individual midgut of D. saccharalis and 26 from S. frugiperda. Latter, 6 of these metagenomic DNA of each insect species were cloned and the 12 clone libraries were sequenced. The cultivable bacterial community of these two insect species is composed by representatives of the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The phylotypes from the clone libraries of 16S rRNA were comprised by Bacteroidetes in D. saccharalis and Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria in S. frugiperda, besides the three phyla found by culturing. Only bacteria isolated from D. saccharalis had ability to degrade cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and sugarcane bagasse in the in vitro tests. The ability to degrade cellulose was more common than the ability to degrade hemicelullose and just a few isolates had the ability to degrade lignin. The only two bacteria presenting a positive response to degradation of all carbon sources were clustered with Phyllobacterium trifolii and Bacillus subtilis. The greatest number of cultivable bacteria sequences belongs to genera Bacillus (26.4 and 32.4%, in D. saccharalis and S. frugiperda, respectively), Enterococcus (12.1 and 13%) and Microbacterium (18 and 12%). Sequence analysis from metagenomic DNA revealed the genera Klebsiella in all samples from D. saccharalis. Bacterial community varied according to S. frugiperda host plant; however, both Ralstonia and Hydrogenophilus genera were present in the digestive tracts of insects from most host plants. Community structure variation of S. frugiperda and D. saccharalis is related directly to insect population origin and type of insect food source. The constant presence of some bacteria in the majority of insects indicates that those microorganisms might either be indispensable, playing a vital role to the insect, or have some symbiotic or commensal relation with the insect.

L’expérience de douleur et la réponse à son traitement sont teintées par les facteurs psychologiques, parmi lesquels figurent les attentes. Cette thèse propose de raffiner la compréhension de l’effet des attentes sur la régulation de la douleur par l’entremise de deux études quantitatives. D'abord, une étude expérimentale explore l'impact des attentes sur l'analgésie induite par contre-stimulation. Des volontaires sains ont été assignés à une condition contrôle ou à l’un des trois groupes au sein desquels les attentes étaient évaluées (attentes a priori) ou manipulées par l’entremise de suggestions (hyperalgésie ou analgésie). La douleur, l’anxiété et le réflexe nociceptif de flexion en réponse à des stimulations électriques ont été mesurés avant, pendant et après l’application d’un sac de glace. Les résultats suggèrent que les attentes a priori prédisent l’amplitude de l’analgésie, tandis que les attentes suggérées parviennent à potentialiser ou à bloquer les mécanismes endogènes d'inhibition de la douleur déclenchés par la contre-stimulation, indépendamment du niveau d’anxiété. Ensuite, une étude clinique se penche sur l'apport des attentes aux issues thérapeutiques de patients traités en centres multidisciplinaires de gestion de la douleur chronique. Préalablement au traitement, les attentes des patients quant aux résultats anticipés après six mois de traitement ont été évaluées. Les changements dans l’intensité douloureuse, les symptômes dépressifs, l’interférence de la douleur et la dramatisation face à la douleur, ainsi que l’impression de changement et la satisfaction face au traitement ont été évalués au suivi de six mois. Les résultats d'analyses de modélisation par équations structurelles appuient la relation prédictive entre les attentes et les issues thérapeutiques et soulignent l’impression de changement du patient comme variable médiatrice de cette association. En plus de se montrer supérieur à un modèle alternatif, ce modèle s'est avéré pertinent à travers différents sous-groupes. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse contribue à démontrer le rôle déterminant des attentes dans le contexte de la douleur, tant au niveau physiologique que thérapeutique. Les conclusions qui se dégagent de cet ouvrage entraînent des retombées non négligeables et réitèrent la nécessité de considérer la perspective du patient afin d'optimiser les soins destinés au soulagement de la douleur. / The experience of pain and response to pain treatments are influenced by psychological factors, such as expectations. This doctoral dissertation aims at refining the comprehension of the impact of expectations on pain regulation through two quantitative studies. First, an experimental study examined the impact of expectations on analgesia induced by heterotopic noxious counter-stimulation. Healthy volunteers were assigned to a control group or one of three experimental groups in which expectations were either assessed (a priori expectations) or manipulated using suggestions (hyperalgesia or analgesia). Acute shock-pain, shock-related anxiety and the nociceptive flexion reflex were measured in response to electrical stimulations before, during and after the application of a tonic cold pain. Results suggest that a priori expectations predict the magnitude of analgesia, while manipulated expectations either enhance or block counter-stimulation analgesia, independently of anxiety processes. Subsequently, a clinical study examined the association between expectations and clinical outcomes of chronic pain patients treated in multidisciplinary pain centers. Prior to their initial visit, patients' expected treatment outcomes were assessed. Six months after their initial visit, changes in pain intensity, depressive symptoms, pain interference and pain catastrophizing, along with satisfaction with treatment and impression of change were measured. Structural equations modeling analyses support the predictive association between expectations and all clinical outcomes as well as the mediating effect of patient’s impression of change. In addition to being superior to an alternative model, the proposed model was shown to be relevant across subgroups. Overall, this thesis contributes to the demonstration of the determinant role of expectations on physiological and therapeutic processes in the context of pain regulation. These findings reiterate the need to consider the patient's perspective and offer a valuable avenue towards the optimization of treatments intended at relieving pain.

Diplomová práce Hodnocení krátkodobého efektu aplikace rázové vlny na MTrP Abstract This thesis concerns the application of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy into muscular trigger points. It's location is derived from the descending part of trapezius muscle on the side of the dominant upper extremity. The performance analysis is based on using partially double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. The effects of the therapy were investigated in 28 subjects divided into experimental and control groups and objectively manifested by measuring the pressure pain threshold. Furthermore, the measuring of the active range of motion of the cervical spine, and the measuring of the maximal voluntary wrist and third finger flexion (measured before and after the therapy). After the therapy, the pressure pain threshold value of the trigger point located in trapezius muscle increased on average from 199 to 295 kPa (p = 0,025). The cervical spine lateral flexion increased on average by 3 degrees towards to the side of non-dominant upper extremity (p = 0,045). This study also investigates the pressure pain threshold value changes of 7 reference points placed remotely from the area of the application. After the shockwave therapy, the pressure pain threshold values of these reference points increased on...

L’expérience de douleur et la réponse à son traitement sont teintées par les facteurs psychologiques, parmi lesquels figurent les attentes. Cette thèse propose de raffiner la compréhension de l’effet des attentes sur la régulation de la douleur par l’entremise de deux études quantitatives. D'abord, une étude expérimentale explore l'impact des attentes sur l'analgésie induite par contre-stimulation. Des volontaires sains ont été assignés à une condition contrôle ou à l’un des trois groupes au sein desquels les attentes étaient évaluées (attentes a priori) ou manipulées par l’entremise de suggestions (hyperalgésie ou analgésie). La douleur, l’anxiété et le réflexe nociceptif de flexion en réponse à des stimulations électriques ont été mesurés avant, pendant et après l’application d’un sac de glace. Les résultats suggèrent que les attentes a priori prédisent l’amplitude de l’analgésie, tandis que les attentes suggérées parviennent à potentialiser ou à bloquer les mécanismes endogènes d'inhibition de la douleur déclenchés par la contre-stimulation, indépendamment du niveau d’anxiété. Ensuite, une étude clinique se penche sur l'apport des attentes aux issues thérapeutiques de patients traités en centres multidisciplinaires de gestion de la douleur chronique. Préalablement au traitement, les attentes des patients quant aux résultats anticipés après six mois de traitement ont été évaluées. Les changements dans l’intensité douloureuse, les symptômes dépressifs, l’interférence de la douleur et la dramatisation face à la douleur, ainsi que l’impression de changement et la satisfaction face au traitement ont été évalués au suivi de six mois. Les résultats d'analyses de modélisation par équations structurelles appuient la relation prédictive entre les attentes et les issues thérapeutiques et soulignent l’impression de changement du patient comme variable médiatrice de cette association. En plus de se montrer supérieur à un modèle alternatif, ce modèle s'est avéré pertinent à travers différents sous-groupes. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse contribue à démontrer le rôle déterminant des attentes dans le contexte de la douleur, tant au niveau physiologique que thérapeutique. Les conclusions qui se dégagent de cet ouvrage entraînent des retombées non négligeables et réitèrent la nécessité de considérer la perspective du patient afin d'optimiser les soins destinés au soulagement de la douleur. / The experience of pain and response to pain treatments are influenced by psychological factors, such as expectations. This doctoral dissertation aims at refining the comprehension of the impact of expectations on pain regulation through two quantitative studies. First, an experimental study examined the impact of expectations on analgesia induced by heterotopic noxious counter-stimulation. Healthy volunteers were assigned to a control group or one of three experimental groups in which expectations were either assessed (a priori expectations) or manipulated using suggestions (hyperalgesia or analgesia). Acute shock-pain, shock-related anxiety and the nociceptive flexion reflex were measured in response to electrical stimulations before, during and after the application of a tonic cold pain. Results suggest that a priori expectations predict the magnitude of analgesia, while manipulated expectations either enhance or block counter-stimulation analgesia, independently of anxiety processes. Subsequently, a clinical study examined the association between expectations and clinical outcomes of chronic pain patients treated in multidisciplinary pain centers. Prior to their initial visit, patients' expected treatment outcomes were assessed. Six months after their initial visit, changes in pain intensity, depressive symptoms, pain interference and pain catastrophizing, along with satisfaction with treatment and impression of change were measured. Structural equations modeling analyses support the predictive association between expectations and all clinical outcomes as well as the mediating effect of patient’s impression of change. In addition to being superior to an alternative model, the proposed model was shown to be relevant across subgroups. Overall, this thesis contributes to the demonstration of the determinant role of expectations on physiological and therapeutic processes in the context of pain regulation. These findings reiterate the need to consider the patient's perspective and offer a valuable avenue towards the optimization of treatments intended at relieving pain.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study evaluated the anesthetic efficacy of eugenol and essential oils (EOs) of Aloysia triphylla and Lippia alba on aquaculture, as well as their stress-reducing effect during transport of shrimp and fish. The effectiveness of eugenol on blocking noxious stimulis was also tested. Sub-adult and post-larvae of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), albine and grey silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and fat snook (Centropomus paralellus) were evaluated for anesthetic induction time and recovery during short and long exposure to the EOs and eugenol. Oxidative stress parameters were also evaluated in sub-adult shrimps. Both silver catfish strains and fat snook were transported in water containing EO of A. triphylla at different concentrations and the reduction of stress was evaluated. An experimental model was elaborated to test the analgesic activity of eugenol in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The concentrations of eugenol, EO of A. triphylla and L. alba recommended for anesthesia in shrimps were respectively 200, 300 and 750 μL L-1 for sub-adults and 175, 300 and 500 μL L-1 for post-larvae. The concentrations indicated for transport are between 20-50, 20-30 and 50 μL-1 for sub adults and for post-larvae only eugenol and EO of A. triphylla at 20 and 20-50 μL L-1. A better antioxidant capacity in the hemolymph was obtained with 30 μL L-1 EOs of A. triphylla and L. alba and 20 μL L-1 eugenol. Albine silver catfish juveniles induced and recovered form anesthesia in longer time than grey ones and 200 μL L-1 was considered the most suitable concentration for both strains. In the transport the OE de A. triphylla increased whole body cortisol but did not promote ion loss. The increase of the concentration of OE A. triphylla proportionately decreased and increased the time of induction and recovery from anesthesia in fat snooks. The concentration of 20 μL L-1 reduced blood glucose levels after 24 h and plasma cortisol and lactate levels after 6h. Eugenol itself did not presented analgesic activity, but after the injection of acetic acid in the anterior portion eugenol blocked the noxious reflex. / O trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficácia anestésica do eugenol e óleos essenciais (OEs) de Aloysia triphylla e Lippia alba em aquicultura, bem como a eficácia dos mesmos como redutores de estresse durante o transporte de camarões e peixes e verificar efeito bloqueador de estímulos nocivos do eugenol. Camarões (sub-adultos e pós larvas), ambas variedades de jundiá e robalos-peva foram transportados em água contendo óleo essencial de A. triphylla em diferentes concentrações e avaliada a redução do estresse. Para eugenol foi traçado modelo experimental de avaliação da atividade analgésica em peixe-zebra (Danio rerio). As concentrações de eugenol e OE de A. triphylla e L. alba recomendadas para anestesia em camarões foram, respectivamente de 200, 300,750 μL L-1 para sub-adultos e para pós-larvas 175, 300 e 500 μL L-1. Para transporte concentrações entre 20-50; 20-30 e 50 μL L-1 são apropriadas para sub-adultos e para pós-larvas somente eugenol e OE de A. triphylla 20 e 20-50 μL L-1. Uma melhor capacidade antioxidante na hemolinfa de camarões foi obtida com 30 μL L-1 OEs de A. triphylla e L. alba e 20 μL L-1 para eugenol. Juvenis albinos de jundiá induziram e recuperaram da anestesia em maior tempo que os cinzas e considerou-se 200 μL L-1 a concentração mais adequada. No transporte, embora o OE de A. triphylla tenha causado aumento de cortisol corporal em jundiás, houve redução da perda de íons. Em robalospeva o aumento da concentração do OE de A. triphylla proporcionalmente diminuiu e aumentou o tempo de indução e recuperação anestésica, respectivamente. A concentração de 20 μL L-1 reduziu os níveis de glicose sanguínea após 24h e de cortisol e lactato após 6h. O eugenol por si só não apresentou atividade analgésica, porém quando injetado ácido acético na porção anterior de zebrafish a resposta ao efeito nocivo foi bloqueada.

MENVM / Department of Ecology and Resource Management

The thesis deals with the evaluation of the influence of foam rolling on selected parameters of somatosensory perception (pressure-algic threshold, vibrotactile sensation). The theoretical part discusses fascial tissue, summarizes the current knowledge of foam rolling and focuses on the mechanisms of pain and vibrotactile sensation. The research part consists of a randomized blind study on a group of 15 healthy probands (11 women, 4 men), which evaluates the effect of foam rolling. The effect is objectivized by pressure algometry and vibrametry on the m. rectus femoris and m. biceps femoris of both lower limbs (measured before and after therapy). The value of the pressure pain threshold (PPT) increased after foam rolling. Vibrotactile threshold (VT) was lower after foam rolling than before its use, which means that vibrotactile sensitivity was increased. The results show that these changes do not occur only in the interventioned m. rectus femoris, but some changes in parameters can be found in other muscles as well. Keywords fascial tissues, foam rolling, pressure algometry, pressure pain treshold, PPT, vibrametry, somatosensory system, nociception, diffuse noxious inhibitory control, DNIC

Selon l’Association Internationale pour l’Étude de la Douleur, la douleur neuropathique est causée par « une lésion ou une maladie du système somatosensoriel ». Actuellement, il n’existe pas de test permettant de la diagnostiquer avec certitude. En médecine humaine, les suspicions cliniques reposent essentiellement sur les caractéristiques de la douleur perçue par le patient. En effet, le mélange de douleurs lancinantes et fulgurantes souvent de très forte intensité, et les termes utilisés pour les décrire, permettent de poser un diagnostic présomptif. En revanche, chez les personnes non-communicantes ainsi que chez nos patients en médecine vétérinaire, la douleur neuropathique devient extrêmement difficile à déceler. Elle pose aussi un problème éthique puisque ces douleurs sont souvent qualifiées d’insoutenables et sont notoirement réfractaires aux traitements analgésiques conventionnels. Faute de données spécifiques, le Conseil sur la douleur de l’Association internationale des vétérinaires pour les animaux de compagnie (WSAVA Global Pain Council) base ses recommandations thérapeutiques sur des succès anecdotiques relevés dans des rapports de cas ou des données tirées de la médecine humaine. Notre étude s’articulait autour de trois objectifs principaux : 1) Évaluer la fiabilité et la faisabilité des tests proposés pour explorer les profils somatosensoriels chez des chiens de propriétaires, incluant une nouvelle méthode dynamique permettant d’évaluer le système endogène de modulation de la douleur ; 2) Identifier une population de chiens de propriétaires présentant de la douleur neurologique chronique à composante neuropathique d’apparition spontanée, en se basant sur les recommandations données en médecine humaine, et caractériser la douleur neuropathique dans ce groupe, en comparant les profils somatosensoriels et les concentrations en cytokines inflammatoires de ces chiens avec ceux d’un groupe contrôle ; 3) Suivre l’évolution des profils somatosensoriels, des concentrations en cytokines inflammatoires et des scores de douleur/qualité de vie des chiens neuropathiques enrôlés dans un essai clinique croisé prospectif, partiellement masqué et randomisé, afin d’évaluer les effets du placebo, du gabapentin seul ou administré en combinaison avec le méloxicam sur ces paramètres. Nos hypothèses étaient que la méthodologie proposée serait fiable et faisable pour évaluer les profils somatosensoriels chez les chiens de propriétaires, et que la population de chiens souffrant de douleur neuropathique diffèrerait du groupe contrôle par leurs concentrations en cytokines inflammatoires, leurs seuils nociceptifs et leur capacité à moduler la douleur après application d’un stimulus conditionnant. Enfin, il était attendu que les traitements actifs (gabapentin et gabapentin-méloxicam) altèreraient les profils somatosensoriels, les scores de douleur/qualité de vie et les concentrations en cytokines inflammatoires des patients neuropathiques. Les tests quantitatifs sensoriels retenus pour évaluer la population de chiens neuropathiques dans la seconde partie du projet (stimulations mécanique et électrique) étaient fiables, faciles à réaliser et bien tolérés. L’évaluation du système inhibiteur descendant induit par les stimulations nociceptives (système endogène de modulation de la douleur; DNIC) a permis de mettre en évidence une dysfonction de la capacité de modulation de la douleur chez les chiens neuropathiques. L’administration de gabapentin combiné ou non avec le méloxicam a eu pour effet de « normaliser » les profils somatosensoriels dynamiques (augmentation du nombre de chiens présentant une inhibition après l’application d’un stimulus conditionnant). Les scores de douleur/qualité de vie ont évolué en faveur d’une amélioration avec l’administration de gabapentin seul ou en combinaison avec le méloxicam. Les concentrations en cytokines inflammatoires et les profils somatosensoriels statiques (les seuils nociceptifs), quant à eux, n’étaient pas différents entre les groupes et n’ont pas significativement varié avec les traitements étudiés. À travers ces études, nous avons présenté de nouvelles techniques de QST fiables et faisable chez le chien. Nous avons également montré que l’évaluation du DNIC est possible dans l’espèce canine, et que les chiens présentant une douleur chronique à composante neuropathique ont un DNIC déficient. L’évaluation des profils somatosensoriels dynamiques et des scores de douleur/qualité de vie supportent l’utilisation du gabapentin seul ou en combinaison avec le méloxicam pour le traitement médical de la douleur neuropathique chez le chien, tel que recommandé par les spécialistes du WSAVA. / According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, neuropathic pain is caused by "a lesion or a disease of the somatosensory system". Currently, there is no definitive test available to diagnose neuropathic pain. In humans, the presumptive diagnosis is essentially based on the characteristics of the pain perceived by the patient. In non-communicative individuals, on the other hand, just like in our patients in veterinary medicine, the diagnosis of neuropathic pain is difficult and poses an ethical problem because this type of pain is often qualified as unbearable and known to be refractory to conventional therapies. In the absence of specific data, the Global Pain Council of World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) based its treatment recommendations of neuropathic pain on anecdotal veterinary reports, case reports or data from human medicine. This PhD program had three main objectives: 1) To assess the reliability and feasibility of the tests proposed to explore the somatosensory profiles in client-owned dogs, including a method to assess the descending noxious inhibitory controls; 2) To identify a population of client-owned dogs with naturally-occurring neuropathic pain, based on the recommendations from human medicine ; and to characterize neuropathic pain in this group, by comparing the somatosensory profiles and the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines of these dogs with those of a control group; 3) To determine the effects of placebo, gabapentin alone or in combination with meloxicam on the somatosensory profiles, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and pain scores of dogs with naturally-occurring neuropathic pain managed medically, in a prospective, partially masked and randomized crossover clinical trial. Our hypotheses were that the proposed methodology would be feasible and reliable, allowing to assess somatosensory profiles of client-owned dogs, and that dogs with neuropathic pain would differ from the control group in their serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, their nociceptive thresholds and their ability to modulate pain after the application of a conditioning stimulus. Gabapentin and gabapentin-meloxicam would change somatosensory profiles, pain scores and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines of dogs with neuropathic pain. 7 The quantitative sensory tests (electrical and mechanical stimulations) were easy to perform, well tolerated and reliable. The evaluation of the diffuse noxious inhibitory control (endogenous pain modulation system; DNIC) revealed a dysfunction of the pain modulation capacity in neuropathic dogs. Administration of gabapentin with or without meloxicam had a "normalizing" effect on the dynamic somatosensory profiles (increase in the number of dogs showing inhibition after application of a conditioning stimulus). Pain / quality of life scores improved after gabapentin alone or in combination with meloxicam. On the other hand, serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and static somatosensory profiles (nociceptive thresholds) were not different between groups and did not vary significantly with treatments. Through these studies, we have presented new reliable and feasible QST techniques in dogs. We have also shown that the evaluation of the DNIC is possible in the canine species, and that dogs with chronic pain with a neuropathic component have a deficient DNIC. The assessment of the dynamic somatosensory profiles and pain / quality of life scores support the use of gabapentin alone or in combination with meloxicam for the medical management of neuropathic pain in dogs, as recommended by WSAVA specialists.