Introdução: A falta de sistemas estruturados de custeio nas organizações hospitalares, principalmente filantrópicas, tem dificultado a análise da cobertura dos custos pelo repasse do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) aos procedimentos realizados. Objetivo: Identificar a percentagem de cobertura do repasse de verba do SUS para a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM), em um hospital filantrópico do município de São Paulo, que possui um sistema de custeio consolidado. Método: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal e descritiva. Utilizou-se um banco de dados com registro de CRM denominado REVASC, criado pela instituição em 2009 e de inclusão contínua. As informações para a pesquisa foram coletadas de 13 de março a 30 de setembro de 2012. A escolha do período foi devido ao início da inclusão de informações sobre custo e repasse do SUS. A população alvo foi de 1913 pacientes e amostra de 1362 (71,2%). Resultados: O custo total médio da internação por paciente foi de R$16.196,91. A média de repasse pelo SUS foi de R$6.992,91(48,66%), observando-se um déficit de 9.204,00 (51,34%). A média de idade foi de 61,4 anos e 69,9% eram do sexo masculino. A média do tempo de permanência hospitalar (TPH) foi de 11,23 dias, sendo 2,42 dias na terapia intensiva e 8,49 dias no pós-operatório. A maioria dos pacientes (69,5%) apresentou um TPH maior que sete dias, considerada prolongada pela instituição. Ao comparar o Grupo 1 (TPH7dias) e Grupo 2 (TPH>7dias), este apresentou custo, receita, diferença entre custo-receita e diferença percentual significativamente maiores que os pacientes do Grupo1. Ao associar o TPH com fatores de risco houve diferença apenas no Grupo 2 que apresentou maior idade, maior número de diabetes e de insuficiência renal crônica. Em relação às complicações pós-operatórias houve diferença em relação a transfusão sanguínea, fibrilação atrial, sangramento importante, pneumonia, insuficiência renal aguda, infarto agudo do miocárdio perioperatório, hemodiálise, acidente vascular encefálico, ventilação mecânica prolongada e reoperação por sangramento / mediastinite, também com incidência maior no Grupo2. Conclusão: O repasse do SUS cobriu menos da metade do custo total médio da internação em CRM (48,66%). Embora o valor do repasse do SUS tenha aumentado conforme a elevação do custo, esse ressarcimento foi desproporcional ao custo total, resultando numa diferença percentual de receita cada vez mais negativa a cada aumento do custo e da permanência hospitalar. / Introduction: The lack of structured expense systems in hospital organizations, especially when philanthropic, has hindered the analysis of the coverage of costs by transfer of funds from the Unified Healthcare System (SUS) for the procedures performed. Objective: To identify the percentage of coverage of the transfer of funds from SUS for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in a philanthropic hospital that has a consolidated expense system in the municipality of São Paulo. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. A databank containing data with CABG records called REVASC was used, created by the institution in 2009 with ongoing data inclusion. Information for the research was collected from March 13 to September 30, 2012. The choice of that period was due to the start of inclusion of information on costs and the transfer of funds from SUS. The target population was made up of 1913 patients and a sample of 1362 (71.2%). Results: The total mean cost of hospitalization per patient was R$16,196.91. The mean transfer of funds by SUS was R$6,992.91 (48.66%), with a deficit of 9,204.00 (51.34%). The mean age of the subjects was 61.4 years, and 69.9% of them were men. The mean hospital stay (HS) was 11.23 days, in which 2.42 days were in intensive therapy, and 8.49 days in the postoperative unit. Most of the patients (69.5%) had a HS longer than seven days, considered prolonged by the institution. When comparing Group 1 (HS 7 days) and Group 2 (HS >7 days), the latter group showed costs, revenue, difference between cost and revenue, and percentage difference significantly greater than did the patients from Group 1. In associating the HS with risk factors, there was a greater difference only in Group 2, which showed a higher age, and greater number individuals with diabetes and chronic renal failure. As to postoperative complications, there was a difference as to blood transfusion, atrial fibrillation, significant bleeding, pneumonia, acute renal failure, perioperative acute myocardial infarct, hemodialysis, cerebrovascular accident, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and reoperation due to bleeding/mediastinitis, also with an incidence greater than in Group 2. Conclusion: The financial provision from SUS covered less than half the total mean cost of hospitalization for CABG (48.66%). Although the value transferred from SUS increased according to cost elevation, this reimbursement was disproportional to the total cost, resulting in an increasingly negative percentage difference of revenue for each increase in cost and in hospital stay.

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In an era of value based purchasing and healthcare reform, hospitals face the challenge of delivering high quality care in an environment of diminishing resources. This performance improvement project describes the use of master’s prepared nurses on medical surgical units to improve quality and patient satisfaction. The setting was five medical surgical units in a 200+ bed hospital in the southeastern United States. Declining resources necessitated an increase in the nurse to patient ratios on the units (from 5:1 to 6:1). The project involved the modification of the model of care through the change in nurse/patient ratios and the addition of master’s prepared nurses to coordinate and supplement the care of the staff RNs for complex patients. While inconclusive, the literature review confirmed the impact of master’s prepared nurses on quality metrics and did not conclusively confirm that delivering high quality, safe care was not possible with nurse/patient ratios of 1:6. The goal of the project was to determine if the presence of the master’s prepared nurse could mitigate the changes in ratios and produce high quality and satisfaction outcomes. Measures of success were drawn from archived standardized quality measures in the realms of service (HCAHPS questions), patient safety (CABSI, HAPU) and quality outcomes (core measures and 30 day readmissions). The project design was a retrospective, one-group pre-post design looking at two six-month intervals—before and after project implementation. Results demonstrated sustained or improved quality in six of ten measures. Highest positive impact was in readmissions and nurse sensitive indicators. The most negative results were in patient satisfaction. Modifying the model of care is an iterative process requiring continued evaluation and changes to improve outcomes. Results of this project supported the further evaluation of staffing and expansion of the number of master’s prepared nurses on medical surgical units.

Patient outcome data are an important factor in healthcare. Reports by the Institute of Medicine between 1999 and 2001, as well as recent research by Linda Aiken and her colleagues have added more emphasis to measures that can be taken to improve patient outcomes. Because of the role they play in healthcare facilities, nurse leaders are in a position to take the lead in improving patient outcomes. There is evidence to suggest that nurse leaders' transformational leadership behaviors are associated with positive patient outcomes. The purpose of this project was to identify the effect of transformational leadership skill-building training on nurse leaders' behavior in the acute care setting. The project included assessments of nine nurse leaders by those nurses which are supervised by the nurse leaders. The results indicated the nurse leaders' behavior score of 3.1 was in the transformational range (3.0-3.75.) Transformational leadership skill-building training followed the assessment process. A post training evaluation by the previous assessors followed the training. The distribution of the transformational leadership behavior scores did not change following the training.

The purpose was to examine the effect of a self-care educational intervention on nursing student resilience and thus the potential for compassion fatigue, depersonalization, burnout, depression, and inadequate self-care. A one-group pretest-posttest research design was applied to a convenience sample of 104 nursing students near the end of their last semester in a baccalaureate nursing program. The measurements were demographics, a psychometric resilience scale, program evaluation, and reflection question. The intervention was a standardized, intensive 30 min training program on the high degree of stress and burnout nurses face and the core self-care methods that can promote resilience to these hazards. The educational intervention had a strong positive effect on resilience scores (effect size of r=72%; p < 0.05). Eighty-six percent of the participants believed that the intervention increased their capabilities for self-care, especially in sleep, spending time outside, hydration, nutrition, and physical stretching exercises but not in journaling. Eighty-one percent stated that they would be likely to seek professional help if needed. Although this study must be repeated in other samples before it be implemented with full confidence, the standardized, high intensity, short duration, resilience training session can be recommended to nursing programs just prior to graduation and to hospitals for nurse orientation programs.

Problématique: Le partenariat de soins est un concept qui s’avère prometteur pour améliorer la qualité des soins de santé offerts à la population. Les gestionnaires de proximité détiennent un rôle-clé dans son intégration en raison de leurs fonctions d’organisation des soins et de gouvernance, ainsi que de leur proximité avec les patients. But: Le but de cette étude est d’explorer l’intégration du partenariat de soins en administration des services infirmiers auprès de gestionnaires de proximité, de coordonnateurs de programme et de patients partenaires de trois unités de soins d’un centre hospitalier de la région de Montréal. D’une part, l’étude vise à explorer les perceptions des parties prenantes quant au rôle du gestionnaire de proximité dans l’intégration du partenariat de soins et, d’autre part, identifier les barrières, les facilitateurs et les compétences y étant associées. Méthodologie: Pour réaliser cette étude exploratoire descriptive, une entrevue semi-dirigée a été conduite auprès de chacun des huit participants : trois coordonnateurs de programme, deux gestionnaires de proximité et trois patients partenaires. Une analyse de contenu a été effectuée et guidée par le référentiel de compétences de pratique collaborative et partenariat patient en santé et services sociaux. Résultats: Le rôle du gestionnaire de proximité dans l’intégration du partenariat de soins en administration des services infirmiers concerne plusieurs thématiques, dont la gestion de projets, la valorisation du patient partenaire et la représentativité de la clientèle. Les principales barrières à l’intégration du partenariat de soins en administration des services infirmiers identifiées sont l’organisation des soins et la disponibilité des ressources. À l’inverse, le principal facilitateur est la gestion de projets. Les habiletés des parties prenantes peuvent être tant une barrière qu’un facilitateur. La communication, la clarification des rôles et des responsabilités et le leadership collaboratif sont des compétences-clé à maîtriser par les gestionnaires de proximité, selon les participants. Discussion/Conclusion: La variabilité dans l’intégration du partenariat de soins et l’importance de l’exercice du leadership dans la gestion des projets réalisés en partenariat sont constatées par l’étudiante-chercheure. Le rôle et le positionnement hiérarchique des coordonnateurs de programme semblent faciliter davantage l’intégration du partenariat de soins en administration des services infirmiers que ceux des gestionnaires de proximité. Un besoin de soutien en ce qui a trait à la compréhension de l’approche, au développement des compétences requises et à l’accès aux ressources en facilitant l’intégration demeure à combler. / Background: The patient partnership is a concept that appears to be promising for the improvement of the quality of care delivered to the population. The first-line managers play a key role in its integration because of their functions in care organization and governance and their proximity with the patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the integration of the patient partnership in nursing administration in three units of a hospital of the greater Montreal area. On the one hand, the study will allow to explore the perceptions of the stakeholders related to the role of the first-line manager in the integration of patient partnership in nursing administration and, on the other, to identify the associated facilitators, barriers and competencies. Methods: A semi-directed interview has been conducted with each of the eight participants: three program coordinators, two unit head nurses and five patient partners. This descriptive exploratory study then included a content analysis guided by the competency framework for collaborative practice and patient partnership in health and social services. Findings: The first-line manager’s role regarding patient partnership integration in nursing administration is related to several themes including project management, valuing the patient partner and users’ representativeness. The main barriers documented regarding patient partnership integration in nursing administration are the organization of care and the availability of resources. The main facilitator relates to project management. The skills of the stakeholders are a common theme of the barriers and facilitators. According to the participants, communication, responsibilities and roles’ clarification, as well as collaborative leadership are key competencies that first-line managers need to master. Discussion/Conclusion: Variability in the integration of the patient partnership and the importance of leadership in project management regarding patient partnership were noted by the student-researcher. The role and hierarchical positioning of program coordinators seem to facilitate the integration of the patient partnership in nursing administration more than those of the first-line managers. Furthermore, support regarding understanding of the approach, competencies development and access to resources facilitating the integration is still required.

Background: Historically, patients with cancer have been perceived as poor candidates for ICU admission. General ICU admission criteria lists cancer patients as low priority in ICU admission depriving them of the care they rightfully deserve. The purpose of this literary synthesis was to examine ICU admission criteria, risk factors, and outcomes of ICU admission in relation to hematological and solid tumor cancers and discuss ways that practitioners and nurses can educate patients with cancer and their families on appropriateness of ICU care. Methods: A total of 768 articles were found in a literature search including all literature from 2005 to 2016 from all countries using the databases CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier. These were further narrowed down based on relevancy by topic or reading abstracts. A total of 13 articles utilizing the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature search were included in the final literature synthesis. Results: In addition to general ICU admission criteria several other criteria and scores can be helpful in admitting patients with cancer to the ICU including cancer specific criteria, mortality predictor tools, performance status, and ICU trials. Mortality predictors, in combination with other patient characteristics, demonstrated effectiveness to predict outcomes in patients with cancer. Survival rates in hematological and solid tumor cancers have improved from the past, and lower prognostic scores can predict who will have better outcomes. Conclusion: Cancer specific criteria, mortality predictor tools, performance status, and ICU trials in addition to general ICU criteria should be used for admission of cancer patients into ICU. Practitioners and nurses should become familiar with the newest outcomes in patients with cancer to make collaborative informed decisions about ICU admission.

Limited research exists about the experiences of nurses’ caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic post hoc. To understand nurses’ realities of caring for patients with COVID-19, I aimed to understand the lived experience of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in the United States. A qualitative design with a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was used. Sixteen participants were recruited via purposive sampling, augmented with snowball sampling. Data were collected through unstructured interviews and were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 in the U.S. were consolidated into four themes: “a living hell”; “rationing patient safety”; “mental aftermath of the war zone”; and “post-pandemic pride”. Nurses provided patient care amidst challenging environments of limited to no resources, with extensive, large-scale critically ill patients, and patient deaths. Due to overwhelming patient care demands, nurses were unable to provide safe patient care to everyone in need, resulting in patient deterioration and death. These experiences caused nurses to endure maladaptive mental effects, such as compassion fatigue and moral suffering, which can threaten the safety of patients. Despite these undesirable results, nurses continued to provide patient care and expressed feelings of pride in the profession of nursing for surviving the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this study demonstrates the persistent impacts on nurses’ abilities to provide safe care after the crisis years. Support for nurses is recommended to preserve patient safety.

L’importance du rôle de l’infirmière dans le système de santé autant au niveau de l’accessibilité que la qualité et la sécurité des soins et services donnés à la population est reconnue. Pour être en mesure d’exercer pleinement ce rôle, les infirmières doivent être en mesure d’exercer à leur pleine étendue de pratique. Les infirmières œuvrant dans le domaine de la santé mentale n’y font pas exception. Or, les recherches démontrent que les infirmières ne parviennent pas à mettre en oeuvre l’ensemble des activités pour lesquelles elles détiennent la formation et l’expérience. Cette recherche vise à mesurer l’étendue de pratique effective des infirmières oeuvrant en santé mentale ainsi qu’à identifier l’influence du niveau de formation sur cette étendue de pratique. Cette étude prend appui sur le SCOP model de Déry et al. (2015) qui mentionne que certaines caractéristiques de l’environnement et individuelles, telles que le niveau de formation, peuvent influencer l’étendue effective de la pratique des infirmières. Le déploiement de cette étendue de pratique a le potentiel d’influencer à son tour la satisfaction professionnelle des infirmières (Déry et al., 2013), la qualité des soins aux patients ainsi que d’autres variables organisationnelles telles que l’accessibilité, les durées moyennes de séjours et les coûts. Un devis corrélationnel descriptif a été retenu pour cette étude. Un questionnaire de type Likert a été complété par les infirmières (n=80) d’un Institut universitaire en santé mentale du Québec. Des analyses de la variance ont été utilisées pour comparer les moyennes d’étendue de pratique selon les ni-veaux de formation. Les résultats démontrent un déploiement sous-optimal de l’étendue de la pratique des infirmières (4,24/6; E.T.= 0,63). Cette étendue de pratique est tout de même supérieure à l’étendue de pratique des infirmières d’autres milieux qui a été mesurée à l’aide du questionnaire de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière (QÉPI). Les analyses effectuées concernant l’influence du niveau de formation sur l’étendue de pratique n’ont révélées aucune différence significative entre les niveaux de formation F (3, 77) = 0,707, p = 0,551. Le niveau de formation des infirmières, la présence d’un biais de représentation, le manque de puissance statistique et certaines caractéristiques de l’emploi peuvent expliquer ces résultats. Les résultats de cette étude semblent constituer une recherche empirique initiale puisqu'il s’agit à ce jour de l’unique recherche à avoir mesuré l’étendue de pratique des infirmières œuvrant en santé mentale à l’aide du QÉPI et à avoir tenté de connaître l’influence que pouvait avoir le niveau de formation sur l’étendue de leur pratique. / The importance of nursing in the health care system, both in terms of accessibility and quality and safety of patient care is well documented. In order to be able to fully exercise their role, nurses must be able to accomplish their full scope of practice. This applies to all nurses, including mental health nurses. However, research shows that nurses are unable to implement all the activities for which they have the training and experience. The aim of this study is to measure the actual scope of mental health nursing practice and to identify the influence of the level of training on this scope of practice. This study is based on the SCOP Model, from Déry et al. (2015), which states that certain job and individual characteristics, such as the level of training, can determine the actual nursing scope of practice. The deployment of this scope of practice can potentially influence professional satisfaction, quality of care and organizational factors such as accessibility, average lengths of stays and costs (Déry et al. 2015). A descriptive correlational design was used for this study. A questionnaire using a Likert scale was completed by nurses (n = 80) from a Quebec mental health Institute. Analysis of variance tests were used. The results show a sub-optimal deployment of the scope of nursing practice (4.24/6; E.T. = 0.63). The scope of practice results is the highest that has been measure with the ASCOP questionnaire. No significant differences were found between nurses with different levels of training F (3, 77) = 0.707, p = 0.551. These results can be explain by the nurses education level, the presence of a representation bias, a lack of statistical power or certain of the work characteristics. The results obtained in this study constitute initial empirical data on the subject. It is the only research measuring mental health nurses’ scope of practice with the ASCOP questionnaire and attempting to know the potential influence of level of training on scope of practice.

The quality of care in our nation’s long term care facilities or nursing homes has been a steadfast matter of public policy for the past few decades. In response to research and reports of poor care, the Nursing Home Reform Act (NHRA) was born in 1987. Since that time, additional legislation has been passed to address the same issue. Continued research in early 2000 has shown that although there have been strides toward increasing the quality of care in these facilities, serious care issues continue to exist. As part of NHRA, every long term care facility in this country that accepts payment from the federal government must complete a survey every nine to fifteen months. There are two types of long term care surveys: the traditional and quality indicator survey (QIS). Recent research has documented that both survey processes are flawed. To date, the federal government has no way to monitor whether QIS is meeting its objectives. The purpose of this quality improvement project is to evaluate the use of a tool to assess surveyor efficiency and effectiveness on each survey task in the long term care survey. A tool was developed to evaluate surveyor efficiency and effectiveness and a pre-pilot was completed in early March of 2014, to test the tool. The outcome of that testing was that data collection was complex; many of the survey tasks were conducted simultaneously making it impossible for one researcher to conduct the evaluation. At the same time, the participating healthcare organization decided that another project took precedence. Although the project never was completed, the evaluation of surveyor efficiency and effectiveness is recommended in further research, as thousands of residents in long term care facilities depend on the survey process to ensure high quality of care.