Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 978605 bytes, checksum: 0b820427e87e54801296629c147fb338 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / INTRODUCTION: the nursing care systematization NCS applied by the nursing process represents a basic methodology in the planning and performance at the nursing caution. The nursing process is a method used by nurses to collect data, to plan, to implement and to evaluate the caution. OBJECTIVE: the study aims to understand, through the nurses discourse, the factors that make the operationalization of the NCS difficult in an obstetrics public service. METHODOLOGY: the symbolic interactionism and the theory based on data (grounded theory) were used as theoretical and methodological foundation in order to attain the proposed objective. The population was constituted by thirteen nurses who work in a public maternity ward in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The nurses were questioned according to the theoretical sampling procedures. RESULTS: some literary texts involving political, social and organizational aspects were used to endorse the discussions. The data analysis resulted in the central category Overcoming the factors which complicate the NCS operationalization through the comprehension that it is an organizational working method and it is able to direct the nursing process. It is also able to promote the care quality, the autonomy, the visibility and the security. The process was constituted by the integration of the categories in the paradigm model by Strauss and Corbin. This resulted in two phenomena: Pointing at the factors that complicate the NCS oparationalization and the ways to a greater adhesion and success through the application of the nursing process ; Realizing the NCS as a working method which organizes, directs and improves the care quality, bringing visibility and promoting security to the nursing team . In this process the nurses showed the knowledge dimension of the NCS experienced as well as their expectations of the socio-organazational context which they make part. CONCLUSION: it may be concluded that the nurses see the NCS as an instrument of theoretic-practical articulation and they identify that the use of this method leads to personal care, based on individual necessities. Besides, there are some positive aspects: it documents the nursing actions in an organized way; it provides security to the client about the provided nursing care; it supplies security to the multiprofessional team because the actions are registered in the client record; it facilitates the care permanence, reflecting a better profession recognition; it generates professional satisfaction which increases the bond between the nurse and the user. / INTRODUÇÃO: a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem SAE aplicada por meio do processo de enfermagem representa uma metodologia fundamental no planejamento e execução dos cuidados de enfermagem. O processo de enfermagem é um método usado por enfermeiros para coletar dados, planejar, implementar e avaliar o cuidado. OBJETIVO: o estudo objetiva compreender, por meio do discurso dos enfermeiros, os fatores que dificultam a operacionalização da SAE em um serviço público de obstetrícia. MÉTODO: para alcançar o objetivo proposto, optou-se por utilizar o interacionismo simbólico e a teoria fundamentada nos dados (grounded theory), como referencial teórico e metodológico. A população foi constituída por treze enfermeiros que atuam em uma maternidade pública, localizada na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Os enfermeiros foram entrevistados seguindo os procedimentos de amostragem teórica. RESULTADOS: para respaldar as discussões, foram utilizados achados literários envolvendo aspectos políticos, sociais e organizacionais da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem. A análise dos dados resultou na categoria central Superando os fatores que dificultam a operacionalização da SAE, a partir da compreensão de que é um método de trabalho organizativo, capaz de direcionar o processo de enfermagem, promover a qualidade da assistência, autonomia, visibilidade e segurança . O processo foi constituído a partir da integração entre categorias no modelo do paradigma de Strauss e Corbin, resultando em dois fenômenos: Apontando os fatores que dificultam a operacionalização da SAE e os caminhos para maior adesão e êxito, através da aplicação do processo de enfermagem ; Percebendo a SAE como um método de trabalho que organiza, direciona e melhora a qualidade da assistência, trazendo visibilidade e proporcionando segurança para a equipe de enfermagem . Nesse processo, os enfermeiros expressaram a dimensão do conhecimento da SAE vivenciada na prática, bem como suas expectativas quanto ao contexto sócioorganizacional em que se encontram inseridos. CONCLUSÃO: pode-se concluir que os enfermeiros percebem a SAE como um instrumento de articulação teórico-prática e reconhecem que a utilização do método conduz para uma assistência personalizada, voltada para as necessidades individuais. Além disso, destacam os seguintes pontos positivos: documenta as ações de enfermagem de forma organizada; proporciona ao cliente segurança em relação à assistência de enfermagem prestada; proporciona segurança para a equipe multiprofissional, porque as ações são registradas no prontuário do cliente; facilita a continuidade da assistência, refletindo em um maior reconhecimento da profissão; gera satisfação profissional, aumentando o vínculo entre enfermeiro e usuário.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2163428 bytes, checksum: 86b2792ca4fc6ea6b8c854a8c36b14e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The process of demographic aging has led to the raise of necessity for a specialized care developed by Institutions of Long Stay for Elders. However, it has been perceived that this support network in expansion is disarticulated with the networks of health attention, once the health actions are performed in its majority by the heath team of the institution, being the nursing professionals the responsible ones for developing such care. Notwithstanding, the nursing care in these homes is being performed, in its majority, without a systematization of assistance compromising the resoluteness and the goal aimed by the actions of the care. Objective: to identify the focuses of nursing practice in the health evaluation of the elder institutionalized person, to build headings diagnosis/ results of ICNP® to the elder institutionalized person and to make Interventions of Nursing, using the ICNP®, from the headings diagnosis/ results validated to the institutionalized elder person. Methodology: It was made through a methodological research, developed at an Institution of Long Stay for Elders in the city of Natal/RN, with participation of 83 elder persons resident in the institution, using the theoretical referential of the Human Basic Needs Theory by Wanda Horta and the technic of cross-mapping and the validation of contents by specialists. For its execution five steps were taken: I) Identification of the nursing practice focuses; II) Making of the headings of diagnosis/ results of nursing; III) Cross-mapping of the concepts built with the ICNP® 2013 version; IV) Validation of the contents by specialists of the headings diagnosis/ results of nursing; and V) Making of the headings of interventions of nursing for validated diagnosis. The research has been appreciated by the Ethics Committee from the Center of Health Sciences from Federal University of Paraíba, Brazilian platform, respecting the standardization of Resolution N 466/2012 from the National Counsel of Health, referring to ethical aspects of research involving human beings. The study has been approved under the protocol N 081/14 and CAEE 27593814.1.0000.5188. Results: 192 focuses of nursing practice were found, 113 in psychobiological needs, 74 in the psychosocial needs and 5 in the psychospiritual needs, which allowed the construction of 129 headings of diagnostics / results of nursing, that were submitted to a cross-mapping process in correspondence with the concepts of ICNP® Version 2013 resulting in 60 constant headings and 69 not constant in this validation. In the validation of content phase 72 diagnosis / results of nursing were validated, to which were built 383 headings of nursing intervention. Conclusion: It has been accomplished the hypothesis that there are focuses of the nursing practice which are identified in the health evaluation of the elder persons resident in ILPI and which also allow the making of headings of diagnosis/results, and nursing intervention, using the ICNP®. It is hoped that the proposal of a systematized nursing care, through the use of heading of diagnosis/results and the intervention of nursing, may be able to subside and build the scientificism of the technological know-how as well as the Nursing professional autonomy to the institutionalized elder person. / o processo do envelhecimento demográfico acarretou o aumento da necessidade de um cuidado especializado desenvolvido pelas Instituições de Longa permanência para Idosos. Porém, percebe-se que esta rede de apoio em expansão está desarticulada com as redes de atenção à saúde, uma vez que as ações de saúde são realizadas em sua maioria pela equipe de saúde da instituição, sendo os profissionais de enfermagem os responsáveis por desempenhar o cuidar. No entanto, o cuidar de enfermagem nessas moradias está sendo desempenhado, em sua maioria, sem uma sistematização da assistência comprometendo a resolutividade e a meta esperada pelas ações do cuidar. Objetivos: identificar os focos da prática de enfermagem na avaliação à saúde da pessoa idosa institucionalizada; construir enunciados de diagnósticos/ resultados da CIPE® para a pessoa idosa institucionalizada e construir enunciados de intervenções de enfermagem, utilizando a CIPE®, a partir dos enunciados de diagnósticos/ resultados validados para a pessoa idosa institucionalizada. Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, desenvolvida em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos no município de Natal - RN, com a participação de 83 idosos residentes na instituição, utilizando o referencial teórico da teoria da Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Wanda Horta e a técnica de mapeamento cruzado e a validação de conteúdo por especialistas. Para a sua execução foram realizadas cinco etapas: I) Identificação dos focos da prática de enfermagem; II) Construção de enunciados de diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem; III) Mapeamento cruzado dos conceitos construídos com a CIPE® versão 2013; IV) Validação de conteúdo por especialistas dos enunciados de diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem; e V) Construção dos enunciados de intervenções de enfermagem para os diagnósticos validados. A pesquisa foi apreciada pelo Comitê de Ética do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, respeitando-se a normatização da Resolução Nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, referente aos aspectos éticos da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. O estudo foi aprovado sob protocolo de nº 081/14 e CAEE 27593814.1.0000.5188. Resultados: foram identificados 192 focos da prática de enfermagem, em 113 necessidades psicobiológicas, 74 psicossociais e 5 psicoespirituais, os quais permitiram a construção de 129 enunciados de diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem, que foram submetidos a um processo de mapeamento cruzado, em correspondência com os conceitos da CIPE® Versão 2013, resultando em 60 enunciados constantes e 69 não constantes nesta classificação. Na etapa de validação de conteúdo foram validados 72 diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem, para os quais foram construidos 383 enunciados de intervenções de enfermagem. Conclusão: concretiza-se a hipótese que existem focos da prática de enfermagem que se identificam na avaliação de saúde das pessoas idosas residentes em ILPI e que permitem a construção de enunciados de diagnósticos/resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, utilizando a CIPE®. Espera-se que a proposta de um cuidado de enfermagem sistematizado, por meio da utilização dos enunciados de diagnósticos/resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, possa subsidiar e construir o cientificismo do saber tecnológico, bem como, a autonomia profissional da Enfermagem à pessoa idosa institucionalizada.

Submitted by NILZA MARTINS RAVAZOLI BRITO null (nilza.ravazoli@gmail.com) on 2017-07-11T21:28:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO NILZA 5.5.17.pdf: 2942885 bytes, checksum: 6b19aa5d68e4dbee735a4fb67b2a9281 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-14T16:42:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brito_nmr_me_bot.pdf: 2942885 bytes, checksum: 6b19aa5d68e4dbee735a4fb67b2a9281 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T16:42:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brito_nmr_me_bot.pdf: 2942885 bytes, checksum: 6b19aa5d68e4dbee735a4fb67b2a9281 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Introdução: O Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN), por meio da Resolução 358/2009, preconiza que a assistência de enfermagem deve ser sistematizada com a implementação do Processo de Enfermagem (PE). O PE direciona os julgamentos clínicos ao cuidado de enfermagem. Um dos desafios dos profissionais da enfermagem é o uso de um sistema de classificação na prática do cuidado, aliada a recursos tecnológicos disponibilizados pelos Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde (RES). Os RES estruturados a partir de um Conjunto de Dados Mínimos de Enfermagem (CDME) e sistemas de classificação de enfermagem podem contribuir à construção de Sistemas de Informação em Saúde de melhor qualidade. Objetivos: Construir um CDME para unidade de internação clínica. Métodos: Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em quatro etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi realizada a análise documental dos formulários e telas do sistema de informação, utilizados na unidade de clínica médica para registro de enfermagem, de um hospital público do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Na segunda etapa, foram realizadas oficinas com enfermeiros da unidade de clínica médica para determinar o conjunto de dados mínimos de enfermagem, relacionados aos elementos dos cuidados de enfermagem, elementos do paciente e elementos dos provedores de serviços, pertinentes à assistência de enfermagem, tendo como referenciais a classificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem NANDA Internacional (NANDA-I), a Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC) e a teoria de enfermagem das Necessidades Humanas Básicas (NHB). Na terceira etapa, foi realizado mapeamento cruzado entre as prescrições de enfermagem da instituição e intervenções da NIC, validadas pela opinião de expertos em PE. Na quarta etapa, foi construído instrumento para registro de enfermagem em RES, considerando o CDME obtido. Os dados foram analisados pelos referenciais da NANDA-I, da NIC e da teoria das NHB. Resultados: Entre os dados analisados dos formulários, telas eletrônicas e opinião dos enfermeiros os dados de enfermagem foram predominantemente do domínio fisiológico da NANDA-I (66%) e da categoria psicobiológica das NHB (86,4%). Os diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados foram predominantemente do domínio fisiológico (48,4%), assim como das prescrições de enfermagem (56,9%). No mapeamento cruzado entre a lista de prescrições de enfermagem e intervenções da NIC, foram avaliados 256 itens de prescrição, entre estes, o domínio fisiológico básico (38,9%) e complexo (44%) foram predominantes. No mapeamento cruzado, todos os itens tiveram concordância superior a 80% entre os expertos. Partindo dos resultados, foi construído um instrumento de CDME para RES e um ebook. Conclusão: O CDME foi construído com dados utilizados por enfermeiros na assistência e o seu uso reflete a prática assistencial em unidade de internação clínica, favorece a qualidade na construção de RES para registro de enfermagem e oferece indicadores de qualidade assistenciais e gerenciais. / Introduction: By means of Resolution 358/2009, the Brazilian Nursing Federal Council (COFEN) recommends that the nursing care should be systematized through the implementation of the Nursing Process (NP). The NP guides the clinical judgments needed in nursing care. One of the greatest challenges faced by nursing professionals in this process is the use of a classification system in the practice of care, together with technological resources provided by the Electronic Health Records (EHR). These EHR, when structured from a Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) and from nursing classification systems, can contribute to the quality development of Health Information Systems. Objectives: To develop a NMDS for clinical hospitalization units. Methods: Methodological study performed in four stages. At the first stage a documentary evaluation of the screens and forms of the information system used at the clinical unit to register nursing data in a public hospital of the State of São Paulo was conducted. At the second stage, workshops were held with nurses from the medical unit to determine the NMDS related to the nursing care elements, patient elements and to the service providers elements involved in nursing care. It was used as referential the nursing diagnoses classification NANDA International (NANDA-I), the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and the nursing theory Basic Human Needs (BHN). At the third stage, a cross-mapping was made between the nursing prescriptions from the institution and the nursing interventions from the NIC, validated by experts in NP. Finally, at the fourth stage an instrument to support the nursing EHR was developed, according to the obtained NMDS. The data were analyzed by the referential NANDA-I, NIC and BHN theory. Results: Among the analyzed data of the forms, electronic screens and nurses' opinion the nursing data were predominantly about the physiological domain of NANDA-I (66%) and about the psychobiological category of the BHN (86.4%). The nursing diagnoses identified were predominantly in the physiological domain (48.4%), as well as in nursing prescriptions (56.9%). In the cross-mapping between the list of nursing prescriptions and NIC interventions, 256 prescription items were evaluated, among which the predominant basic physiological domain (38.9%) and complex (44%). In this cross-mapping all items had an agreement rate higher than 80% among experts. Based on these results, a NMDS instrument was developed for HER and an ebook. Conclusion: The NMDS was developed based on data used by nurses during nursing care and its use reflect nursing care in clinical hospitalization unit, brings quality in the construction of EHS for nursing registration and provide management and care quality indicators.

Dados de grandes estudos sobre a ocorrência de complicações vasculares pós-procedimentos percutâneos realizados em laboratórios de hemodinâmica são vastos na literatura. Contudo, a avaliação dos resultados clínicos dos pacientes após intervenções de enfermagem visando minimizá-las ou evitá-las ainda são incipientes na prática, com registros pouco objetivos e sistemáticos. Nesta perspectiva, a Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), que é uma classificação de resultados sensíveis às intervenções de enfermagem, possibilita o desenvolvimento de instrumentos com indicadores clínicos passíveis de serem medidos durante a avaliação clínica do enfermeiro. Todavia, essa classificação ainda carece de resultados que contemplem a diversidade de situações enfrentadas pelos pacientes na prática clínica. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo objetivou desenvolver um novo Resultado de Enfermagem em consonância com a Nursing Outcomes Classification - NOC para avaliação das complicações no acesso vascular pós-procedimentos percutâneos. Trata-se de um estudo de Análise de Conceito segundo o modelo de Walker e Avant. Como suporte teórico para a identificação dos possíveis usos do conceito foi realizada uma revisão de escopo com base na metodologia proposta pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Elaborou-se um protocolo da revisão com estratégia de busca em três etapas: busca inicial nas bases de dados PubMed e CINAHL; segunda busca nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus e LILACS; e terceira estratégia de busca nas referências dos artigos identificados, considerados estudos adicionais. Os aspectos éticos foram respeitados. Foram incluídas 128 publicações, que permitiram mapear os diferentes contextos de estudo das complicações vasculares relacionadas ao local de acesso, a ocorrência das complicações de acordo com as vias, bem como a apresentação e evolução clínica das complicações. Quanto ao conceito em estudo, “complicações vasculares” em procedimentos percutâneos, constatou-se ser amplamente estudado pela área médica, com contribuições relevantes da área de enfermagem. O conceito pode ser entendido como um conjunto de complicações no local de acesso vascular do procedimento, que podem desenvolver-se isoladamente ou agrupadas, e apresentar diferentes níveis de gravidade. O novo Resultado de Enfermagem foi denominado Nível de complicação: acesso vascular, composto por definição e 11 indicadores. Foram construídas definições conceitual e operacional para cada indicador, bem como para os cinco níveis da escala likert: 1-Grave, 2-Substancial, 3-Moderado, 4-Leve e 5-Nenhum. Propôs-se a inserção deste resultado no Domínio II- Saúde Fisiológica, Classe E - Cardiopulmonar. Esta pesquisa poderá contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da taxonomia da NOC ao dispor de um novo resultado que atenda às necessidades da prática clínica, com indicadores mais específicos e padronizados para uma avaliação acurada dos níveis de complicação no acesso vascular de pacientes após procedimentos percutâneos. Planeja-se validar o novo resultado e submetê-lo à apreciação da equipe de pesquisadores da NOC. / There is extensive data from studies on the occurrence of vascular complications following percutaneous procedures conducted in hemodynamics laboratories. However, assessment of clinical outcomes in patients submitted to nursing interventions, aimed to minimize or prevent such complications, is incipient, without objective and systematic records. Therefore, the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), a classification of outcomes sensitive to nursing interventions, allows developing tools with clinical indicators that can be measured during clinical examination conducted by nurses. However, this classification still lacks outcomes that contemplate the various situations faced by patients in clinical practice. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a new Nursing Outcome, consistent with the Nursing Outcomes Classification – NOC, for assessment of vascular complications resulting from percutaneous interventions. The study used a concept analysis method based on Walker and Avant’s model. For theoretical support to the identification of the possible uses of the concept, scope review based on Joanna Briggs methodology was conducted. A protocol of the review was created, with a search strategy in three steps: initial search in PubMed and CINAHL databases; second search in databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and LILACS; and third search strategy in the references of the identified articles, considered additional studies. The ethical aspects were observed. In total, 128 publications were included, which allowed mapping the different contexts of study of the vascular complications related to the access site, occurrence of vascular complications according to the access routes, as well as clinical presentation and evolution of complications. The study concept “vascular complications” in percutaneous interventions has been widely studied in the medical field, with relevant contributions in the nursing area. The concept can be understood as a set of complications in the vascular access site of the intervention that may occur separately or associated, with different levels of severity. The new Nursing Outcome was named Level of Complication: vascular access, composed by a definition and 11 indicators. Conceptual and operational definitions were constructed for each indicator and for the five levels of the Likert scale: 1- Severe, 2- Substantial, 3- Moderate, 4- Mild and 5- None. Insertion of this outcome in Domain II- Physiological Health, Class E- Cardiopulmonary is proposed. This study may contribute to the improvement of NOC taxonomy by proposing a new outcome that meets the needs of clinical practice, including more specific and standardized indicators to ensure a more accurate assessment of the rates of complications in vascular access of patients after percutaneous interventions. The new outcome shall be validated and submitted to appreciation by NOC researchers. / Datos de grandes estudios sobre la ocurrencia de complicaciones vasculares post-procedimientos percutáneos realizados en laboratorios de hemodinamia son amplios en la literatura. Sin embargo, la evaluación de los resultados clínicos de los pacientes después de intervenciones de enfermería visualizando minimizarlas o evitarlas aún son incipientes en la práctica, con registros poco objetivos y sistemáticos. En esta perspectiva, la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), que es una clasificación de resultados sensibles a las intervenciones de enfermería, posibilita el desarrollo de instrumentos con indicadores clínicos plausibles de ser medidos durante la evaluación clínica del enfermero. Sin embargo, esa clasificación aún carece de resultados que contemplen la diversidad de situaciones enfrentadas por los pacientes en la práctica clínica. En esa perspectiva, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo desarrollar un nuevo Resultado de Enfermería en consonancia con la Nursing Outcomes Classification – NOC para evaluación de las complicaciones en el acceso vascular post-procedimientos percutáneos. Se trata de un estudio de Análisis de Concepto según el modelo de Walker y Avant. Como soporte teórico para la identificación de los posibles usos del concepto fue realizada una revisión de Scoping con base en la metodología propuesta por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se elaboró un protocolo de la revisión con estrategia de búsqueda en tres etapas: búsqueda inicial en las bases de datos PubMed y CINAHL; segunda búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus y LILACS; y tercera estrategia de búsqueda en las referencias de los artículos identificados, considerados estudios adicionales. Los aspectos éticos fueron respetados. Fueron incluidas 128 publicaciones, que permitieron mapear los diferentes contextos de estudio de las complicaciones vasculares relacionadas al local de acceso, la ocurrencia de las complicaciones de acuerdo con las vías, así como la presentación y evolución clínica de las complicaciones. En cuanto al concepto en estudio, “complicaciones vasculares” en procedimientos percutáneos, se constató ser ampliamente estudiado por el área médica, con contribuciones relevantes del área de enfermería. El concepto puede ser entendido como un conjunto de complicaciones en el local de acceso vascular del procedimiento, que pueden desarrollarse aisladamente o agrupadas, y presentar diferentes niveles de gravedad. El nuevo Resultado de Enfermería fue denominado Nivel de complicación: acceso vascular, compuesto por definición y 11 indicadores. Fueron construidas definiciones conceptual y operacional para cada indicador, así como para los cinco niveles de la escala Likert: 1-Grave, 2-Sustancial, 3-Moderado, 4-Leve y 5-Ninguno. Se propuso la inserción de este resultado en el Dominio II – Salud Fisiológica, Clase E – Cardiopulmonar. Esta investigación podrá contribuir para el perfeccionamiento de la taxonomía del NOC al disponer de un nuevo resultado que atienda las necesidades de la práctica clínica, con indicadores más específicos y estandarizados para una evaluación precisa de los niveles de complicación en el acceso vascular de los pacientes después de procedimientos percutáneos. Se planea validar el nuevo resultado y someterlo a la apreciación del equipo de investigadores del NOC.

A avaliação de resultados voltada aos cuidados de saúde surge pela necessidade das profissões demonstrarem a sua efetividade nos resultados dos pacientes. Diversas abordagens têm sido utilizadas para identificar as relações entre as variáveis de Estrutura, Processo e Resultado na avaliação da qualidade do cuidado no contexto hospitalar. Pesquisadoras canadenses desenvolveram o Nursing Role Effectiveness Model (NREM), para auxiliar na identificação da contribuição da enfermagem aos cuidados de saúde. O NREM ainda não foi utilizado na perspectiva do Processo de Enfermagem Avançado, utilizando os Sistemas de Linguagem Padronizada NANDA-I, NIC e NOC para pacientes submetidos à Artroplastia do Quadril. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as relações entre as dimensões do Nursing Role Effectiveness Model no acompanhamento dos resultados de pacientes submetidos à Artroplastia do Quadril. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, aninhado a um desenho correlacional descritivo. Os dados foram coletados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. A população e amostra consistiram em pacientes submetidos à Artroplastia do Quadril, e enfermeiros assistenciais que prescreveram os cuidados a estes pacientes. No estudo longitudinal, os pacientes foram acompanhados por três a quatro dias consecutivos de pós-operatório, entre os meses de Março e Dezembro de 2016. Os enfermeiros foram entrevistados nos meses de Janeiro e Fevereiro de 2017. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Os achados foram categorizados segundo as dimensões do NREM Estrutura, Processo e Resultado. Resultado: Foram incluídos 85 pacientes predominantemente do sexo feminino (58%), com média de idade de 64 (±13,5) anos. Na dimensão Estrutura, os pacientes foram diagnosticados, segundo a NANDA International (NANDA-I) com Dor Aguda (96%), Risco de Quedas (62%) e Mobilidade Física Prejudicada (54%), respectivamente. A maioria dos pacientes estava em repouso numa Cama Ortopédica (99%). Enfermeiros tinham uma idade média de 33 anos, Sendo a maioria (90%). Experiência com pacientes ortopédicos variou de um a seis anos. O nível de conhecimento na NANDA-I, NIC e NOC foi considerado de moderado a substancial. As intervenções de enfermagem, de acordo com a Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) mais prescritas foram: Controle da DOR, Prevenção de QUEDAS e POSICIONAMENTO (Processo). Os Resultados da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) (Posicionamento do corpo: autoiniciado, Mobilidade, Conhecimento: atividade prescrita e Nível de dor), tiveram mudanças significativas (P<0,001) durante o acompanhamento dos pacientes. As escalas apresentaram consistência interna (α>0,7). Conclui-se que as variáveis de Estrutura, Processo e Resultados, elencadas neste estudo, possuem relação; e de acordo com os efeitos que geram nos resultados alcançados no paciente, apresenta repercussões na qualidade do Processo de Enfermagem Avançado baseado nos Sistemas de Linguagem Padronizada NANDA-I, NIC e NOC para pacientes submetidos à Artroplastia do Quadril. / The evaluation of health outcomes arises from the need for professions to demonstrate their effectiveness in patient outcomes. Several approaches have been used to identify the relationships between the Structure, Process and Outcomes variables in the quality care evaluation in the hospital. Canadian researchers to developed the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model (NREM) to identify the nursing contribution to health care. The NREM was not analyzed from the perspective of the Advanced Nursing Process, using the Standardized Language Systems NANDA-I, NIC and NOC for patients undergoing Hip Arthroplasty. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between the dimensions of the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model in the follow-up of the outcomes of patients undergoing for Hip Arthroplasty. It is a longitudinal study nested for descriptive correlative design. The data were collected at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. The population and sample consisted of patients undergoing to Hip Arthroplasty, and nurse assistants who prescribed care for these patients. In the longitudinal study patientes were followed for three to four postoperative day, on the March to December 2016. Nurses were interviewed in January and February 2017. Data were statistically analyzed. The findings were categorized according to the dimensions Structure, Process and Outcomes, from NREM. Results: Variables Structure, were included 85 patients predominantly female (58%), mean age 64 (± 13.5) years. The patients were diagnosed with Acute Pain (96%), Risk of Falls (62%) and Impaired Physical Mobility (54%), respectively. The majority of patients were resting in the Orthopedic Bed (99%). Nurses had a mean age of 33 years, being the majority (90%) female. Experience with orthopedic patients ranged from one to six years. Knowledge level in NANDA-I, NIC and NOC was considered moderate to substantial. The most prescribed NIC nursing interventions were: PAIN Control, FALL Prevention and POSITIONING, considered as Process variables. The Nursing outcomes NOC (Body Positioning: self-initiated, Mobility, Knowledge: prescribed activity and Pain Level) included in the Outcome dimension from NREM, had significant changes (P <0.001) during the follow-up. The scales showed internal consistency (α> 0.7). It is concluded that the Structure, Process and Outcomes variables are related and according to the effects it generates on the outcomes achieved, it has repercussions on the Advanced Nursing Process quality based on the Standardized Language Systems NANDA- I, NIC and NOC for patients submitted to Hip Arthroplasty.

Education is an integral part of the nursing process. It is a proposeful activity, systematic training, which leads to gain knowledge and skills by means of a special process of learning. The aim of this work was to find out, whether nurses provide patients with education within the nursing process and whether patients feel that this education is sufficient enough to keep an optimal level of their health. All hypotheses I have set were confirmed. Apparently, from the results of the survey, health-educational activity, which is in plenary powers of nurses, is done by nurses themselves for the most part, but in some cases also the doctor took part in this activity. Although most of the asked expressed satisfaction with the information provided, there were still clients who were not satisfied with the number of information both theoretical and practical. In most cases, clients said that the instructions, which had been given to them by the nurse within the educational activity, were very significant for improving their health. Cooperation between a nurse and a client is based on a good communication between both parts. The result of this understanding is a situation when a client obeys the instructions given. From results it is obvious that all clients tried hard to keep professional recommendation provided by the nurse and reach the goal this way.Nowadays, the nurse, who is thanks to her learning within the area of education highly professional, puts an emphasis on mutual cooperation not only with the client but also with his family. The nurse respects client´s individual needs and tries to make him participace actively in his health care.

This dissertation deals with night insomnia in children. With the growing number of complaints of parents about insomnia in particular in infants and toddlers, this problem becomes very topical and frequently discussed not only among parents themselves but also among the medical workers involved in the child care. No unambiguous cause of why some children sleep well and other children do not has been yet proven. However, experts dealing with these problems present an opinion in the literature that the main cause lies in the incorrect approach of parents to creating sleep habits in their children. They supplement their opinion by a set of recommendations how to avoid or possibly solve the problems by applying the appropriate approach. Our dissertation thus aims at ascertaining how parents' approach affects creating of incorrect sleep habits in infants and toddlers. The other objective consisted in subsequent drawing up of the nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan by means of which the nurses could independently solve the problems related to insomnia in children. A qualitative research based on the contingent valuation method has been carried out. The methods of data collection included the structured interview performed with two small sets of mothers of children. The first set comprised mothers of children with no sleep problems and the second set was composed of mother of children suffering from sleep problems. The prepared questions related in particular to children's sleep habits. Both sets were compared and the data were also subject to the Fisher's exact test. Although it was not possible to prove that inappropriate approach of parents to creating sleep habits in children is the unambiguous cause of the children's sleep problems, we believe that such inappropriate approach is a related factor. This assumption is supported also by the result of the other part of the research, a non-structured interview. This interview from which casuistry was subsequently created was performed by one of the mothers whose child had suffered from sleep problems. The said mother was willing to try to implement the recommended measures and she subsequently described to us how her son's sleep problems attenuated significantly. On the basis of our hypothesis that creation of correct sleep habits might help children suffering from insomnia, despite the fact that no direct relation between the sleep habits of children and their sleep problems has been proven, as the output of this dissertation we have drawn up the above mentioned nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan which could help the nurses independently solve the children's sleep problems. We also believe that it would be appropriate to carry out research in the future dealing with direct evaluation of success or failure of the recommended measures in solving insomnia in infants and toddlers.

Requirements for changes in nursing care on the part of top management Abstract At present, nursing care has been experiencing a great progress. Implementation of the nursing process as a working method has been striven for. The educational system for non-medical workers has been changing. Nurses holding top managerial posts should have competence to lead and manage people effectively in the ever changing nursing environment. To acquire information necessary for achievement of the set goals, a quantitative research was employed. Within the framework of the quantitative research, the questioning method using a questionnaire was selected. The questionnaires concerned were sent to top managers among nurses and doctors working in medical centres all over the Czech Republic. The thesis had three objectives defined. First, to discover what prerequisites top managers miss to be able to implement the changes concerned in the area of nursing care. Second, to discover top managers´ opinions on the system of nursing care provision. Third, to identify differences between requirements for the nursing process method on the part of top managers {--} nurses and top managers {--} doctors. Based on these objectives, four hypotheses were formulated. The hypothesis no. I: The current situation does not allow top managers operating in health service to implement changes in nursing care in practice. This hypothesis has been confirmed. The hypothesis no. 2: Top managers do not require group nursing care as a prerequisite for the implementation of nursing care changes. This hypothesis has not been confirmed. The hypothesis no. III: Representatives of nurses in managerial posts promote the nursing process application as a prerequisite for changes concerning nursing care. This hypothesis has been confirmed. The hypothesis no. IV: Representatives of medicine doctors in managerial posts do not promote the nursing process application as a method of nurses´ work. This hypothesis has not been confirmed. As far as the results of this diploma thesis are concerned, we were trying to outline possible solutions of the issues concerning changes in nursing care. Top managers are recommended to stimulate critical thinking in their employees in the course of work in the nursing process. It is beneficial to improve communication on the managerial level in hospitals, and in addition, to obtain feedback from subordinates with respect to continuing education, to identify effectiveness and needs relating to education on the part of employees and to enable them to participate in the process of the respective changes implementation. To train function nurses in such changes management. To implement a programme aiming at continual quality improvement.

Autism spectrum disorders, as some of psychiatric disorders, which also include childhood autism, atypical autism, Asperegs´syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Rett syndrome, are considered to be significant anomalies in children´s development, which are characterized by problems in communication, social interaction and behavior. These are the typical symptoms creating barriers between children and their families, medical personnel, or environment. Despite all efforts to improve the care for children with autism spectrum disorders, the situation is generally unsatisfying. Counseling services are not available in all regions and specialized preschool and school facilities are missing in a lot of places. Also, specialists´ awareness is often insufficient and even in health care facilities unfamiliarity with the issue of children with autism spectrum disorders may be seen. On the part of the public a negative reaction, misunderstanding and prejudice against these children and their families are still being expressed, making autism spectrum disorders stigmatizing. A nurse as a professional provides the care through the nursing process, in which her role consists not only in provision of the direct nursing care, but she also takes on the role of the child´s rights advocate and a mediator for information exchange between the child, the parent, the doctor and herself. In the care of children with autistic spectrum disorders, a nurse provides not only nursing care, but also educational care with the aim to support the child's development. In order to succeed in her efforts, the nurse needs a large portion of empathy, patience and communication skills and all the support and cooperation on the part of the child's parents. The above conclusions are related to objectives of the research carried out using in-depth interviews, during which we wanted to determine if this disease is stigmatizing for families caring for a child with autism and also the way a nurse participates in cooperation with the family. The third objective was to define the specifics of nursing care for children with autism spectrum disorders, from which standards of nursing care for these children were established. Based on the objectives and the study of available resources, four research questions were stated. First: Is the disease stigmatizing for families caring for a child with autism? Second: What is the impact of autism on families caring for a child with this disease? Third: What is the way a nurse participates in cooperation with families caring for a child with autism? And fourth: What are the specifics of nursing care for a child with autism? All the objectives were met. We hope that this thesis will provide nurses with so much information on the issue of nursing care for children with autism spectrum disorders, so that nurses could provide quality care based on the child's needs, and the cooperation with the family could become beneficial and joyful.

This thesis treats the issues regarding the role of healthcare assistants in the nursing process and their mutual cooperation with general nurses. Four goals were set. The first goal was to ascertain in which way the general nurses allow the healthcare assistants to engage in the nursing process. The second goal was to ascertain what are the healthcare assistants? opportunities to participate in the nursing process. The third goal was to determine what problems are seen by managers regarding the integration of the healthcare assistants in the nursing care system. The last, fourth goal, tried to ascertain whether the system of integration of general nurses and healthcare assistants in the nursing team contributes to improvement of the patient?s care. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical one. The theoretical part deals with the nursing process as a method of work of a nurse, qualification training of general nurses and healthcare assistants and possibilities of finding vacancies in the nursing practice. The practical part consists of quantitative-qualitative research survey. For the qualitative research a method of individually conducted, pre-prepared interviews with representatives of the above mentioned professions. Four research questions were determined, i.e.: 1. To what extent are the healthcare assistants, general nurses and managers in positions of ward sisters aware of the nursing process? 2. Have the healthcare assistants a possibility to use their knowledge of the nursing process pursuant to Act No. 96/2004 Coll.? 3. Is the cooperation of healthcare assistants and general nurses perceived as a positive element for improvement of nursing care? 4. What experience have managers in the position of ward sisters in integration of healthcare assistants into the nursing team? The surveyed group consisted of six healthcare assistants, six general nurses and eight ward sisters-managers from minor inpatient facilities in the Pilsen region and Cental Bohemian region. Qualitative research was realized through a survey by questionnaire. Students of the last grade of the study field ?Healthcare assistant? and the study programme ?General nurse? were addressed. For the qualitative part of the research survey the following hypotheses were set: 1. Students of the study field ?Healthcare assistant? are oriented in the competences of healthcare assistants and general nurses in accordance with At No. 96/2004 Coll. 2. Students of the study programme ?General nurse? are oriented in the competences of healthcare assistants and general nurses in accordance with At No. 96/2004 Coll. 3. Students of the study field ?Healthcare assistant? perceive the determined competences for individual fields as a tool for quality professional care. 4. Students of the study programme ?General nurse? perceive the determined competences for individual fields as a tool for quality professional care. In total, 200 questionnaires were distributed, and subsequently, 142 of correctly completed questionnaires were evaluated. The output of this thesis is the verification of the present status of the issue in question. The results will be provided to nursing care managers in the researched healthcare facilities where they could help to improve the management of healthcare activities. The results may be also used to prepare informational and educational sessions clarifying the rules of cooperation of healthcare assistants and general nurses. Furthermore, the results could be offered to the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, namely to the Working Committee for transformation of non-medical healthcare professions in the Czech Republic the main work objective of which is the amendment of Act No. 96/2004 Coll.