Orientador: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Coorientador: Osmar Antonio Dalla Costa / Banca: Dirlei Antonio Berto / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Jacinta Diva Ferrugem Gomes / Banca: Marcelo Henrique Faria / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de ractopamina (RAC - 0, 5, 10 e 15 mg/kg de ração) e de duas categorias de castração (MC-machos castrados e MI-machos imunocastrados) sobre o desempenho zootécnico dos 27 aos 60, 60 aos 136 e dos 136 aos 164 dias de idade, e características de carcaça dos suínos, abatidos aos 164 dias de idade. Foram selecionados 1160 leitões machos, de acordo com peso ao nascimento. As castrações cirúrgicas foram realizadas em metade dos leitões e os demais foram mantidos inteiros para posteriormente serem imunocastrados. A dieta suplementada com ractopamina foi fornecida de forma controlada, 28 dias antes do abate. Até os 136 dias de idade dos suínos, o modelo de variância foi aplicado para um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (MC e MI), e a partir daí foi considerado um delineamento em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial (dois níveis de castração x quatro níveis de ractopamina). Constatou-se que não houve interação entre categorias de castração e níveis de ractopamina para nenhuma variável de desempenho e de carcaça avaliadas. Na fase de 60 a 136 dias, houve menor consumo de ração diário (P = 0,016), maior ganho diário de peso (P < 0,001) e melhora na conversão alimentar (P < 0,001) dos suínos imunocastrados. Na fase de 136 a 164 dias a suplementação de ractopamina na dieta de suínos promoveu aumento do ganho diário de peso (P < 0,001) e melhorou a conversão alimentar (P < 0,001), sem influenciar o consumo de ração... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four levels of ractopamine (RAC - 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg / kg diet) and two categories of castration (MC-barrows and MI-immunocastrated males) on the performance from 27 to 60, 60 to 136 and 136 to 164 days of age, and carcass characteristics of pigs slaughtered at 164 days of age. Male piglets were selected in 1160, according to birth weight. The surgical castrations were performed on half of the piglets and the others were kept intact for later immunocastrated. The diet was supplemented with ractopamine delivered in a controlled 28 days before slaughter. Until 136 days of age of pigs, the model of variance was applied to a completely randomized design with two treatments (CM and IM), and thereafter was considered a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement (two levels of castration four levels ractopamine). It was found that there was no interaction between categories and castration levels of ractopamine any variable performance and carcass evaluated. In phase 60-136 days had lower daily feed intake (P = 0.016), higher average daily gain (P <0.001) and improved feed conversion (P <0.001) for pigs immunocastrated. In phase 136-164 days of ractopamine supplementation in pig diets promoted increased average daily gain (P <0.001) and improved feed conversion (P <0.001), without... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2006 / Nutrition is a basic human right as well as a prerequisite for the realization of full intellectual and physical potential. This is also stipulated in the South African Constitution and the Bill of rights. The Limpopo Province is known as one of the most poverty and drought stricken provinces in the RSA with a very high rate of unemployment. To alleviate poverty and to improve health and school attendance, the state president enhanced the Primary School Nutrition Programme on 1 September1994 in a number of targeted primary schools according to their poverty level. This study focused on the formative phase of the evaluation of the Primary School Nutrition Programme in the Mogodumo Circuit of the Capricorn District in the Limpopo province. It is a formative phase as it is an ongoing process. Mogodumo circuit is situated ± 56 km, west of Polokwane City, with 90% of the primary schools situated in the rural area. For this study, the researcher employed the probability sampling method in two stages. A simple random sampling of five schools selected was done while the stratified sample was obtained at each of those five selected schools. Through qualitative research, the qualitative data were obtained through a questionnaire, interviews and observation. The final results from the study show that though the learners’ school attendance had improved, they (learners) were eating the food because “beggars are not choosers”. The food they were receiving was of a poor quality, not delicious and not according to the tender specifications. There were no community involvement in the education of their children, unfaithful suppliers and helper mothers (volunteers), principals were forced to sign for the quality of food that was not received, passive participation of the teachers and their involvement in the decision making of the PSNP issues, a lack of facilities such as water, electricity, kitchens and fences. The helper mothers (volunteers) were complaining about the heavy job they were doing without a living wage as they only received a thankyou token of R110-00 per month. The programme was thus functioning in contradiction to rules and policies laid down for it. / Limpopo Department of Education

Plasma total, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations increase immediately following birth. Interestingly, this increase is greater in breast-fed infants than in infants fed formula. The reason(s) why there are differences in plasma cholesterol concentrations between breast-fed and formula-fed infants is not known. However, this difference may be a consequence of the variations in lipid composition between milk and infant formula. Little is known regarding the specific effects of the lipid component(s) of infant diets on the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. The studies presented in this thesis determined whether the addition of cholesterol, arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] to formula, and the positional distribution of fatty acids in formula triglycerides increases plasma cholesterol in formula-fed piglets to levels observed in milk-fed piglets. In study #1, piglets were fed from birth to 18 days of age with either a conventional infant formula (conventional formula) or a formula with synthesized triglycerides (TG) (synthesized TG formula). The conventional infant formula had 70% of the total 16:0, representing 23% of total fatty acids, esterified at the sn-1 and 3 positions of the formula triglyceride. The synthesized TG formula contained a similar percentage of 16:0, representing 23% of total fatty acids, but had 47% of the total 16:0 esterified at the centre (sn-2) position of the formula triglyceride. Each of the conventional and synthesized TG formulae were provided either without (<0.10 mM) or with 0.65mM cholesterol added to formula, 0.52mmol/L as unesterified cholesterol and 0.13 mmol/L as cholesterol oleate. A reference group of piglets was also fed sow milk. In study #1, the levels of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase mRNA, 7-a-hydroxylase (C7H) mRNA, and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA were higher in the formula-fed than milk-fed piglets, irrespective of the formula cholesterol content or the positional distribution of fatty acids in the formula triglyceride. This was accompanied by lower plasma total and HDL cholesterol concentrations, lower hepatic triglyceride concentrations and lower concentrations of bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipid in bile of the formula-fed than milk-fed piglets. Adding cholesterol to the formula increased hepatic cholesterol concentrations and decreased hepatic levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA, but had no effect on the plasma cholesterol concentrations of the formula-fed piglets. Directing 16:0 to the sn-2 position of the formula triglyceride led to lower plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, lower concentrations of bile acids in bile, lower hepatic levels of FAS mRNA and activity, and higher hepatic levels of ACC mRNA than in piglets fed the conventional formula. In study #2, piglets were fed the conventional formula either without or with egg phospholipid (9.5g/L) to provide 0.8% 20:4(n-6) and 0.3% 22:6(n-3) of total fatty acids, or sow milk from birth to 15 days of age. Supplementing the conventional formula with egg phospholipid resulted in higher levels of 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3) in liver and bile phospholipid, higher plasma HDL concentrations, higher bile acid and phospholipid concentrations in bile and lower hepatic ACC mRNA levels in the formula-fed piglets. The levels of 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-4) in liver and bile phospholipid were also higher in the piglets fed the supplemented formula than in the piglets fed milk. A significant inverse relation was found between the levels of hepatic ACC mRNA and the percentage of 20:4(n-6) in liver triglyceride and the percentage of 22:6(n-3) in liver phospholipid. Egg phospholipid supplementation of formula had no effect on hepatic LDL receptor mRNA or hepatic FAS activity and mRNA in the formula-fed piglets. The piglets fed either the supplemented or the conventional formula had lower levels of plasma cholesterol and higher levels of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity and mRNA and C7H mRNA than piglets fed milk. These studies show that early diet, that is, milk compared to formula feeding, results in lower levels of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity and mRNA and C7H mRNA accompanied by higher plasma cholesterol concentrations in piglets. Supplementing formula with cholesterol or the preferential esterification of 16:0 at the sn-2 position of the formula triglyceride did not raise plasma cholesterol concentrations and had no effect on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity and mRNA or C7H mRNA in formula-fed piglets. Supplementing formula with egg phospholipid, increased bile and liver phospholipid 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3), decreased the levels of hepatic ACC mRNA and increased the concentrations of bile acids and phospholipid in bile. These findings suggest that milk-fed piglets have lower rates of hepatic cholesterol synthesis, lower rates of conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and the lipid present in sow milk and formula may be metabolized differently. These findings are significant in that they raise the question as to whether or not this effect of early diet will continue through to adulthood and influence metabolic response to diet fat.

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / A diet high in fat results in dietary-related diseases, which have reached epidemic proportions in South Africa. Nutritional labelling has the potential to alter consumers’ knowledge of attitude and behaviour towards their fat intake. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of nutritional labelling on the population’s fat-intake through a systematic literature review. Electronic databases, reference lists of relevant studies and the Internet were searched, to identify studies that could help to answer the problem statement. Relevant citations were independently identified by two investigators based on the established inclusion-criteria. After this the full text of the selected citations were obtained and filtered independently by each investigator based on the inclusion- and exclusion criteria. The characteristics of each study was recorded in specially developed data extraction forms by the investigator herself and was checked by a second investigator. The primary objective of the study was to investigate nutritional labelling on food packaging. Two other forms of labelling were included to gain a more concise perception of consumers’ knowledge and practices regarding information on fat. These other forms were point-of-sale labelling (in supermarkets, in restaurants, by vending machines) and experimental labelling (labels spesifically designed to indicate the fat-content of a food item). A total of 59 relevant studies were included based on the inclusion-criteria. Although only a few studies assessed the effect of labelling on diet, there was evidence that the use of labels resulted in lower fat intake. Women older than 35 years with higher education levels, who used nutritional supplements, and who were in the maintenance stage of change to a lower fat diet, and who believed in the importance of nutrition, were between 50% to 80% higher users of information about fat than their counterparts. Fat is the food component which was most looked at on the food label (50% to 80%). Small changes in fat intake occured due to point-of-sale labelling, but labelling programmes which combined labelling with additional information on fat (e.g. pamphlets), increased visibility and nutrition education programmes, were more successful. People generally perceived products lower in fat as less pleasant, but sensory judgement of the products labelled with a low fat content were related to a person’s beliefs and concerns towards fat. Nutritional labelling can be an effective measure, which can be used to reduce the population’s fat intake; however, more research is needed to assess the effect of labelling on fat content of their diet. Regulations and education is needed to enhance the consumer’s trust in and capability in the use of labelling to make better food choices and to alter their diet. The success of labelling is dependant on a well-educated and motivated population, as well as the necessary information in a format which is understandable to the consumer.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858001.pdf: 2466817 bytes, checksum: 10e2afd47cc7bd4b931807590e6bfac6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivo: Avaliar o estresse oxidativo, o estado nutricional e vitaminas lipossolúveis em crianças acompanhadas em puericultura. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 100 crianças saudáveis do CISAM/UPE entre 20 e 36 meses, por meio dos marcadores do estresse oxidativo, níveis séricos de nutrientes antioxidantes, aspectos sócio-demográficos, estado nutricional e clínico. Os resultados foram expressos por meio de percentuais e das medidas estatísticas. Este estudo foi aprovado no CEP- CISAM por meio da Plataforma Brasil, parecer 946.241. Resultados: A CAH esteve aumentada nas crianças com maior renda, IMC adequado, mais de 120 dias de aleitamento materno exclusivo e se correlacionou de forma inversa com o Peso e IMC. O MDA foi maior em crianças com menos de 24 meses. Um terço das crianças apresentou algum distúrbio nutricional segundo o IMC/I, houve baixa frequência de consumo de frutas e hortaliças e níveis séricos de beta-caroteno abaixo da normalidade. Foi verificada baixa adesão às consultas de puericultura em relação ao preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Conclusão: O serviço de puericultura é importante, suas ações são necessárias e determinantes para que as crianças apresentem bom crescimento e desenvolvimento, evitem distúrbios nutricionais e um quadro de estresse oxidativo ao longo de sua vida / Objective: To evaluate oxidative stress, nutritional status and fat soluble vitamins in children in a childcare. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 100 healthy children CISAM / UPE between 20 and 36 months, through the oxidative stress markers, serum levels of antioxidant nutrients, sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional and clinical status. The results are expressed by percentages and statistical measures. This study was approved by the CEPCISAM by Platform Brazil, opinion 946,241. Results: CAH was increased in children with higher income, adequate BMI, more than 120 days of exclusive breastfeeding and correlated inversely with the weight and BMI. The MDA was greater in children below 24 months. One third of the children had some nutritional disorder according to BMI / I, there was a low frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables and serum beta-carotene below normal. It was found low compliance childcare queries in relation to the recommended by the Ministry of Health. Conclusion: the childcare service is important, their actions are necessary and crucial for the children to present proper growth and development, prevent nutritional disorders and stress framework oxidative throughout his life

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 athayde_nb_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 524895 bytes, checksum: d72e29de753378f25775c7ebe3781f81 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de ractopamina (RAC - 0, 5, 10 e 15 mg/kg de ração) e de duas categorias de castração (MC-machos castrados e MI-machos imunocastrados) sobre o desempenho zootécnico dos 27 aos 60, 60 aos 136 e dos 136 aos 164 dias de idade, e características de carcaça dos suínos, abatidos aos 164 dias de idade. Foram selecionados 1160 leitões machos, de acordo com peso ao nascimento. As castrações cirúrgicas foram realizadas em metade dos leitões e os demais foram mantidos inteiros para posteriormente serem imunocastrados. A dieta suplementada com ractopamina foi fornecida de forma controlada, 28 dias antes do abate. Até os 136 dias de idade dos suínos, o modelo de variância foi aplicado para um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (MC e MI), e a partir daí foi considerado um delineamento em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial (dois níveis de castração x quatro níveis de ractopamina). Constatou-se que não houve interação entre categorias de castração e níveis de ractopamina para nenhuma variável de desempenho e de carcaça avaliadas. Na fase de 60 a 136 dias, houve menor consumo de ração diário (P = 0,016), maior ganho diário de peso (P < 0,001) e melhora na conversão alimentar (P < 0,001) dos suínos imunocastrados. Na fase de 136 a 164 dias a suplementação de ractopamina na dieta de suínos promoveu aumento do ganho diário de peso (P < 0,001) e melhorou a conversão alimentar (P < 0,001), sem influenciar o consumo de ração... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four levels of ractopamine (RAC - 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg / kg diet) and two categories of castration (MC-barrows and MI-immunocastrated males) on the performance from 27 to 60, 60 to 136 and 136 to 164 days of age, and carcass characteristics of pigs slaughtered at 164 days of age. Male piglets were selected in 1160, according to birth weight. The surgical castrations were performed on half of the piglets and the others were kept intact for later immunocastrated. The diet was supplemented with ractopamine delivered in a controlled 28 days before slaughter. Until 136 days of age of pigs, the model of variance was applied to a completely randomized design with two treatments (CM and IM), and thereafter was considered a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement (two levels of castration four levels ractopamine). It was found that there was no interaction between categories and castration levels of ractopamine any variable performance and carcass evaluated. In phase 60-136 days had lower daily feed intake (P = 0.016), higher average daily gain (P <0.001) and improved feed conversion (P <0.001) for pigs immunocastrated. In phase 136-164 days of ractopamine supplementation in pig diets promoted increased average daily gain (P <0.001) and improved feed conversion (P <0.001), without... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-21Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793041.pdf: 715831 bytes, checksum: 9f7c10b900a9e019eb04a93d1aed4bb5 (MD5) / Introdução: As Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (DII) são doenças de etiologia desconhecida e capazes de desenvolver uma reação inflamatória na mucosa digestiva de natureza imunológica. O estado nutricional está diretamente relacionado com a gravidade da doença e a piora do mesmo pode contribuir para o prognóstico negativo e a deterioração da competência imune. Este estudo pretende avaliar o estado nutricional e a composição corporal dos pacientes com DII acompanhados no Ambulatório de Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu e identificar os preditores nutricionais na evolução clínica dos pacientes com Doença de Crohn (DC) e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCUI). Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com avaliação clínica e nutricional de 141 pacientes ambulatoriais acompanhados na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Critérios de inclusão: diagnóstico confirmado de DC ou RCUI; indivíduos adultos, com idade acima de dezoito anos, de ambos os sexos. Foram excluídos do estudo pacientes em uso de suplementação nutricional, gestantes e nutrizes e pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas. Para a classificação da atividade clínica da DC utilizou-se o Crohn’s Disease Activity Índex (CDAI). Para a caracterização da extensão e forma evolutiva da DC utilizou-se a classificação de Montreal. A RCUI foi classificada de acordo com a extensão anatômica do processo inflamatório e para avaliação da atividade da doença foi utilizado o Escore de Mayo. Na avaliação nutricional as medidas antropométricas avaliadas foram Peso Atual, Estatura, Circunferência do Braço (CB), Prega Cutânea Tricipital (PCT) e Espessura do Músculo Adutor do Polegar (EMAP). Por essas medidas foram calculados o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência Muscular do Braço (CMB) e Área Muscular do Braço Corrigida (AMBc). Através da bioimpedância elétrica ... / Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are diseases of unknown etiology and can develop an inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal mucosa of immune nature. Nutritional status is directly related to the severity of disease and its worsening may contribute to the negative prognosis and damage of the immune competence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and body composition of IBD patients accompanied at the outpatient clinic of Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School and identify nutritional predictors of clinical outcome in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and Colitis ulcerative (UC). Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted study with clinical and nutritional evaluation of 141 patients followed at the Botucatu Medical School. We included pacients with confirmed diagnosis of CD or UC; adults, over eighteenyears old and of both sexes. Exclusion criteria was patients using nutritional supplements, pregnancy and lactating women and patients with chronic diseases. For the classification of the clinical activity of DC used the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). To characterize the extent and evolutionary way DC used the classification of Montreal. The UC was classified according to the anatomical extent of the inflammatory process and assessment of disease activity, the Mayo score was used. Nutritional assessment the anthropometric measurements used were current weight, height, arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF) and the thickness of the thumb adductor muscle (APM). Body Mass Index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (MAC) and corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) were also calculated. By bioelectrical impedance was calculated the Phase Angle and obtained Lean Body Mass percentage and Fat Mass percentage. Laboratory tests analyzed were: hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, C-reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. The descriptive ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-09-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aboin_ac_me_botfmvz.pdf: 283229 bytes, checksum: e616cb14df19fb12f6a9ae19049058b2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar se injeção de rbST (Lactotropin 500mg, Elanco Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP) interfere nas concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina, AGNE, IGF-1 e progesterona (P4) em vacas secas e ovariectomizadas e com dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (CIDR® 1,9 g de P4, Pfizer Saúde Animal). Foram utilizadas dez vacas mestiças Holandês/Zebu ovariectomizadas e secas distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos no d0 do experimento, BEP + salina (n = 5) e BEP + rbST (n=5). Os animais foram suplementados individualmente às 06h00 e às 18h00, com adaptação do d-14 ao d-3 com 2 kg de concentrado por dia, e após este período foram fornecidos 4 kg de concentrado do d-2 ao d27. O rbST foi aplicado nos d0, d9, d18 do experimento. Cada vaca recebeu um CIDR de terceiro uso para a fase de adaptação (d-14 ao d-2), e após a fase de adaptação (d-2) cada vaca recebeu um CIDR de primeiro uso que permaneceu até o final do período experimental (d-2 ao d27). As colheitas de sangue para dosagem de glicose, insulina, AGNE, IGF-1 e P4 foram realizadas do d0 ao d27 às 0h (antes da suplementação matinal), 1h e 2h após a suplementação. Dados foram analisados como medidas repetidas com o procedimento MIXED do SAS usando vaca como unidade experimental. Como esperado, vacas rbST tiveram maiores ( 0.01) concentrações de IGF-1 comparadas a vacas SAL, iniciando no d2 do período experimental (tratamento x interação dia; P < 0.01) e concentração média de IGF-1 maior (P < 0.01) para vacas rbST comparadas a vacas SAL (351 vs. 109 ng/mL; SEM = 26). Concentração média de glicose foi maior (P < 0.01) para vacas rbST comparadas a vacas SAL (69.4 vs. 65.1 mg/dL; SEM = 0.8), no entanto, vacas rbST tiveram maiores (P < 0.05) concentrações de insulina comparadas a vacas SAL nos dias... / The objective of this experiment was to assess whether injection of rbST (Lactotropin 500mg, Elanco Animal Health, São Paulo, SP) interferes in serum glucose, insulin, NEFA, IGF-1 and progesterone (P4) in ovariectomized and dry cows and device intravaginal progesterone (CIDR ® 1.9 g of P4, Pfizer Animal Health). Were used 10 crossbred Holstein / Zebu ovariectomized droughts and randomly assigned to two groups in d0 of the experiment, BEP + saline (n = 5) and BEP + rbST (n = 5). The animals were fed individually to 6:00 a.m. and 18:00, with adaptation of d-14 to d-3 with 2 kg concentrate per day, and after this period was 4 kg of concentrate supplied at d27. The rbST was applied in d0, d9, d18 of the experiment. Each cow received a CIDR for third use for the adaptation phase (d-14 to d-2), and after the adaptation phase (d-2) each cow received a CIDR of first use which remained until the end of the experimental period (d-2 through D27). Blood samples for measurement of glucose, insulin, NEFA, IGF-1 and P4 were made to the D0 to D27 0h (before supplementation morning), 1h and 2h after supplementation. Data were analyzed as repeated measures with the MIXED procedure of SAS using cow as the experimental unit. As expected, rbST cows had higher ( 0.01) concentrations of IGF-1 compared to cows SAL, starting on d2 of the experimental period (treatment x day interaction, P <0.01) and mean concentration of IGF-1 increased (P <0.01) for rbST cows compared to cows SAL (351 vs. 109 ng / mL; SEM = 26). Mean glucose was higher (P <0.01) compared to cow rbST cows SAL (69.4 vs. 65.1 mg / dL SEM = 0.8), however, rbST cows had higher (P <0.05) insulin concentrations compared to cows SAL on days 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21 (treatment x day interaction, P <0.01). RbST cows had higher mean concentration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paulino_ed_me_botib.pdf: 442419 bytes, checksum: d724d79e59d970e1ff0c3c93cb626ca4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os idosos normalmente tem baixo consumo alimentar, devido o processo de envelhecimento, resultando em um grave problema, a desnutrição, que associada a idade elevada merece muita atenção. Para um diagnóstico nutricional claro, que possibilite uma intervenção nutricional adequada, deve ser realizada uma avaliação precisa do estado nutricional dos idosos. Essa avaliação e feita com os indicadores objetivos e subjetivos. Os indicadores utilizados para o presente trabalho foram os objetivos: antropométricos e bioquímicos. As variáveis antropométricas foram massa corporal total, estatura, circunferência do braço, circunferência muscular do braço, área de gordura do braço, as dobras cutâneas tricipital, bicipital, subescapular e supra-ilíaca, porcentagem de gordura corporal, circunferência da panturrilha e índice de massa corpórea; e as bioquímicas foram albumina, transferrina e proteína C reativa. Um grande desafioo para a nutrição é agrupar e interpretar as variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas conjuntamente. Logo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a análise de componentes principais nos dados de uma amostra de 113 idosos, para explicar com um menor número de variáveis a maior parte das informa çoes no conjunto original de dados, seguida da análise fatorial exploratória nos mesmos dados, para obter fatores que agrupem as variáveis originais em subconjuntos de novas variáveis mutuamente não correlacionadas. As análises foram realizadas para todos os idosos, com todas as variáveis, e depois, com a retirada das variáveis que possuem baixas correlações com as demais, foram realizadas novas análises para todos os idosos, para os idosos divididos por faixa etária, e por sexo. Com a análise de componentes principais foi possível concluir que a variável circunferência do braço é a mais... / Elderly people usually have low nourishment consumption, due to the aging process, which results in a serious problem, malnutrition, and, when it is associated with age, it's certainly an issue that deserves special attention. In order to achieve a clear nutritional diagnosis, that is, one that allows an adequate nutritional intervention, it is necessary to develop a nutritional assessment of the elderly. Such assessment can be carried out using objective and subjective indicators. Some of the objectives indicators, anthropometric and biochemical indicators, were approached in this study. The anthropometric variables considered were total body mass; height; arm circumference; arm muscular circumference; arm fat area; triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thickness; body fat percentage; calf circumference and body mass index. The biochemical variables considered in this study were albumin, transferrin and C-reactive protein. Both grouping and interpreting the biochemical and anthropometric variables taken together constitute a major challenge for nutrition. Thus, the objective of this study was performing a principal component analysis for a sample of 113 elders, in order to maximize the explanation of the original data set using fewer variables as possible and then perform an exploratory factor analysis, over the same data, to extract the factors that group up the original variables in a subset of new, mutually non-correlated variables. The analysis were carried out for all elders using all variables and then new analysis were held for all elders, divided into age and sex classes, using the remaining variables after the removal of the lowest correlated ones. Through the principal component analysis, it was possible to conclude that the arm circumference is the most important, that is, the variable which has... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:16:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000863837.pdf: 1389099 bytes, checksum: 35d3caaaacb29ca0dfea9306fa650d0e (MD5) / A Lesão Renal Aguda (LRA) é caracterizada como uma síndrome clínica associada a deteriorização rápida da função renal, sendo considerada um fator de risco independente para mortalidade. A definição atual classifica a LRA de acordo com os estágios do AKIN, sendo 1 (equivalente ao risco), 2 (injúria) e 3 (falência). Na literatura são escassos os trabalhos que avaliaram as diferenças entre os pacientes desses estágios e aqueles existentes revelam alterações tanto nos parâmetros nutricionais quanto nas taxas de mortalidade, tornando importante a verificação dos fatores de risco em cada estágio da LRA. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram, a partir da primeira avaliação nutricional, identificar e comparar os fatores de risco nutricionais associados ao óbito em pacientes com LRA estratificados pelo AKIN. Tratou-se de estudo prospectivo tipo coorte realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP no período de 24 meses consecutivos. Logo após a primeira avaliação nefrológica, os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com os critérios do AKIN em 3 estágios e foi realizada uma avaliação nutricional composta por dados clínicos, antropométricos, ingestão alimentar, balanço nitrogenado, bioimpedância, Avaliação Subjetiva Global (ASG) e exames laboratoriais, tendo como desfecho o óbito. Foram avaliados 471 pacientes, com predomínio do sexo masculino e maiores de 60 anos, com mortalidade de 43,5%. Dos pacientes analisados, 12,9% apresentavam-se com LRA-AKIN 1, 39,9% com AKIN-2 e 47,2% com AKIN-3. Após a análise multivariada, as variáveis que estiveram relacionadas a maior mortalidade nos pacientes com AKIN-1 foram presença de sepse e de ASG classe C (desnutrição leve/moderada), com AKIN-2 idade maior que 60 anos, internação em UTI, presença de oligúria e menores valores de balanço nitrogenado e com AKIN-3 menor tempo de acompanhamento pelo nefrologista, idade maior que 60... / The Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized as rapid clinical deterioration associated with the syndrome of renal function, and is considered an independent risk factor for mortality. The current definition classifies the LRA according to the stages of AKIN, 1 (equivalent to risk), 2 (injury) and 3 (bankruptcy). In the literature there are few studies evaluating the differences between the patients of these stages and those existing reveal changes both in nutritional parameters as mortality rates, making it important to check the risk factors at each stage of the LRA. The objectives of this study were from the first nutritional assessment, identify and compare the nutritional risk factors associated with death in patients with AKI stratified by AKIN. It was prospective cohort performed at the Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - UNESP within 24 consecutive months. Soon after the first evaluation nephrology, patients were classified according to the criteria of AKIN in 3 stages and was conducted a nutritional assessment made by clinical, anthropometric data, food intake, nitrogen balance, bioimpedance, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and examinations laboratory, with the outcome death. We evaluated 471 patients, predominantly male and older than 60 years, with mortality of 43.5%. Of the patients studied, 12.9% presented with a AKIN LRA-1, 39.9% with AKIN-2 and 47.2% with AKIN-3. After multivariate analysis, the variables that were related to higher mortality in patients with AKIN-1foram sepsis and SGA class C (mild malnutrition / moderate), with AKIN-2 older than 60 years, ICU stay, presence of oliguria and lower nitrogen balance values and AKIN-3 smaller follow-up by a nephrologist, age greater than 60 years, ICU stay, sepsis, fasting, lower levels of total cholesterol and increased edema value for Watson. In conclusion, from the initial nutritional assessment, it was possible to identify risk factors associated with ...