This dissertation examines the 1916 US occupation of the Dominican Republic to analyze how US and Dominican stakeholders used public schools to disseminate their notions of Dominican citizenship. Drawing on correspondence and memos from the Department of Public Instruction in the Dominican Republic and US military government, as well as periodicals and newspapers from both countries, this dissertation examines how US officials, education administrators, and guardians engaged in these efforts. Although the US military government used schools to exert state control, Dominicans individually and collectively redirected these state institutions to serve their needs and to negotiate their relationship to the state. Schools were central to how both Americans and Dominicans of all classes articulated, circulated, and practiced ideas about membership to and within the Dominican nation. From plans to create US allies in an expanding US empire to the formation of an economically productive “mulatto” rural peasantry and a cultured and informed citizenry, US officers in the military government as well as Dominican education administrators and guardians, used public schools to realize their imaginings for the Dominican nation.

Aptitude and achievement data of students detained at the Utah State Industrial School were studied in order to establish occupational aptitude patterns to serve as guidelines in the formation of a vocational educational curriculum at the institution. Based on scores attained on the California Achievement test, the total group sample was found to be retarded 3.7 years in achievement level, compared to norms established by this instrument. Based on the scores attained on the General Aptitude Test Battery, the total group sample was found to be significantly below the norms established by this instrument in aptitudes relating to intelligence, verbal, numerical, and clerical perception, and above average norms in manual dexterity and form perception. Occupational aptitude patterns were established from the General Aptitude Test Battery, and it was determined that 60 percent of the student sample group could qualify for seven of these occupational aptitude patterns. Based on established occupational aptitude patterns and other extenuating factors, the type of vocational education curriculum which was suggested for the Utah State Industrial School was a general vocational curriculum with stress on vocational guidance and a well defined work experience program.

The objectives of this study were to gather information concerning the off-farm agricultural occupations of Millard, Beaver, Iron and Washington Couties. A list was made of present and anticipated number of employees in these occupations with the numbers involved in full-time, part-time, and female work. Occupations with similar backgrounds were clustered into four main areas. These were further classified into individual jobs. Comments were made concerning the competencies needed for entry and satisfactory performance in these occupations. Some of the characteristics of these occupations as to salary, required experience, labor laws and education requirements were reported. An attempt was made to identify all present and emerging off-farm agricultural occupations for which vocational agricultural education should be available. It was noted that each county in the area surveyed had many similar occupations and each had its own distinct problem differences. Correlating the survey study, the author concluded personal contact was a good technique to secure needed information. Also, telephoning the businesses proved to be a successful and time conserving method of securing desired information. Obtaining data through correspondence , an interesting observation was noted. Business of off-farm agricultural occupations located where higher educational institutions are established a quick response was noted as compared to other areas, in which virtually, no reply came by correspondence, until contacted personally . Employers perferred employees with rural background but it was not essential for employment. They considered it valuable to be able to have a speaking knowledge of the business served. The author traveled over 1100 miles in making this survey.

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I examined how dual-earner households manage the often-competing demands of work and family life through an in-depth analysis of time allocated to housework and child care while testing the theories of gender display and economic dependency. I developed new measures for occupational nurturance and authority and applied these measures to the housework and child care literature by conducting a series of replication studies. My work supports the relationship between employment characteristics and remaining gender inequalities in unpaid household labor. I was able to shed light on how dual-earner households attempt to manage the complicated work-family time bind, while adding to the field of replication studies in quantitative sociology. I constructed new measures for occupational nurturance and authority to offer alternative ways to assess occupational traits that were not mutually exclusive or dichotomous. I conducted year fixed effects multilevel models of General Social Survey (GSS) respondents nested within occupations. Using these models, I constructed empirical Bayes (EB) estimates of the occupational effects and aggregated the data set at the occupation-level for easy merging to any data set using Census occupation codes. I showed the utility of my new measures by merging them to the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) and American Time Use Survey (ATUS) for further analysis. I found overwhelming support for gender conventionality for married men and women working in gender atypical occupations who displayed less stereotypical gendered behavior at home. However, separate from occupational sex composition, my findings also provided support for the influence of gender ideology on married men and women’s gendered display of housework at home. For child care, I found consistent and overwhelming support for fathers’ and mothers’ time spent with children and economic dependency’s time availability perspective. These results illuminated the “time crunch” that dual-earners face as they juggle work and family obligations. Across both studies of unpaid household labor, the overall findings suggest a gendered picture. Married women completed more housework than married men, and mothers completed more child care than fathers. The housework findings were further supported by gender ideology, or that those with more traditional views on housework and family life completed more traditionally gendered housework tasks. Although, my findings also suggested more nuanced housework for those in gender atypical workplaces in support of gender conventionality. Finally, even though I found strong support for economic dependency’s time availability perspective for time spent with children in dual-earner households, mothers still completed more child care than fathers regardless of all other factors further highlighting a stalled revolution for working mothers. Women made strides in the workplace, but still faced gendered unpaid household labor at home. Throughout my studies, I added new measures to the field and I built on the great work of leaders in the field of housework and child care through replication. I conducted robustness and generalizability checks of prior work and made a case for replication studies in quantitative sociology. / Sociology

An important part of almost every student‟s high school experience is participation in an extracurricular activity. Many schools encourage their students to participate in these voluntary activities because they build skills that may not be taught in the classroom, but may be important in becoming successful in school and in the community. Extracurricular activities put students in leadership positions, teach them team work, and can instill a confidence in their abilities. Previous research has shown that participation in extracurricular activities in high school can affect labor market conditions and educational achievements, but few studies have differentiated the impacts of different types of extracurricular activities on earnings and educational attainment. This paper examines the academic and labor market effects of participating in a performing arts activity in high school. The arts are of particular interest because the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 lists it as a core academic course. The core courses are believed to increase the academic attainment of students, and are eligible for increased federal funding based on “scientifically-based research” (Arts Education Partnership, 2005; Arts Education Partnership, 2006, p. 4). A major problem in program evaluation is the possibility of selection bias due to the non-randomized way individuals self-select into activities. To reduce the bias, a treatment effects model is estimated using the covariate matching technique. I use the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to test my hypotheses.

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Gustafsson, Carina. (2005). PRIV – en möjlig studieväg för motiverade elever. (Program aiming individual choice – a manageable way of learning for motivated pupils). Skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärarutbildningen 60 poäng, Lärarutbildningen, Malmö högskola.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om det är möjligt för elever med studiemisslyckanden i grundskolans kärnämnen att genomföra en gymnasial omvårdnadsutbildning med godkända betyg som resultat. Intervjuer med fem före detta elever från Omvårdnadsprogrammets PRIV-klass genomförs och kompletteras med intervjuer av fyra lärare vilka ansvarar för undervisning i den aktuella klassen. Resultatet visar att eleverna inte alltid är medvetna om vilka undervisningsinsatser som är speciellt anpassade för deras behov. Dessutom visar resultatet att de aktuella lärarna lyckas arbeta med elevgruppen utan specialpedagog i arbetslaget under en stor del av utbildningstiden. Studieresultaten visar att studiemotivation underlättar för eleverna i den undersökta PRIV-klassen att klara sin utbildning väl, med hjälp av genomtänkta lärarinsatser. De intervjuade eleverna är sysselsatta inom vårdyrken sex månader efter avslutad utbildning.Nyckelord: anpassad undervisning, godkänt betyg, motivation, PRIV, sysselsättningCarinaGustafsson AllansroÖsterleden 1301-45270 21 GlemmingebroHandledare: Elna JohanssonExaminator: Lotta Anderson / Gustafsson, Carina. (2005). PRIV – en möjlig studieväg för motiverade elever. (Program aiming individual choice – a manageable way of learning for motivated pupils). Skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärarutbildningen 60 poäng, Lärarutbildningen, Malmö högskola.The aim of this essay is to investigate if it is possible for pupils, who failed in essential subjects in nine-year compulsory school, to pass examination in nursing education. Five ex-pupils from nursing education’s PRIV-class (program aiming individual choice) were interviewed. So were four teachers who had been responsible for the teaching in the class spoken of. The result of the investigation shows that the pupils not always are aware of how teaching methods are specially composed to cover their needs. In addition the result shows that the teachers in question are successful in working with this group of pupils, although a pedagogue specialist not is part of the teaching team during a big part of the time of education. The result of the investigation shows that motivation for studying makes it easier for pupils in the PRIV-class spoken of to end their education with fine grades, if helped with carefully prepared teaching methods. Six months after graduation the ex-pupils are working in nursing or social service.Keywords: adjusted teaching, motivation, occupation, passing examination, PRIV.Carina GustafssonAllansroÖsterleden 1301-45270 21 Glemmingebro Supervisor: Elna JohanssonExaminer: Lotta Anderson

The profession of occupational therapy is widely misunderstood. Other healthcare professionals and clients do not understand the values, scope of practice, or skillset occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) embody. This leads to OTP burnout and suboptimal patient care. Further, OTPs have assimilated to the practices of other health disciplines which perpetuates the problem. This project proposes a solution to be utilized within a home health setting that addresses the issue from three angles: instruction for other healthcare professionals that is provided at a level commensurate with previous experience and education, education for clients accessible for all levels of general and health literacy, and support for OTPs in the form of updated documentation methods to facilitate a return to occupation-based practice. EKB Model of Consumer Behavior drives the approach, and instruction methods are based on Adult Learning Theory. AOTA’s Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process 4th Edition (OTPF-4) supports the development of documentation to facilitate occupation-based practice. This proposal is the first to provide a comprehensive, theory-driven solution to the issue and this model can easily be adapted to settings outside home health.