O tema da Orientação Profissional como política pública na escola secundária está sendo intensamente discutindo nos Estados Unidos, na Europa e em outros países. No Brasil, porém, não há propostas bem sucedidas neste campo, mas a ênfase do ensino médio na formação para o trabalho pode apontar a importância de programas de orientação que auxiliem o jovem a construir projetos profissionais que diminuam sua vulnerabilidade psicossocial. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar como a escola pública de ensino médio auxilia o aluno na construção dos projetos profissionais e como as categorias de cor da pele e gênero interferem na construção destes projetos, além de oferecer indicativos para políticas públicas na área. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas públicas de ensino médio. Uma das escolas localizada em um bairro de classe média na cidade de São Paulo, em que se realizou: uma entrevista em profundidade com o coordenador pedagógico do ensino médio; um grupo focal com 6 professores; aplicação de questionário a 260 questionários alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio do período da manhã. A outra escola fica na periferia de Osasco, município da Grande São Paulo, nessa escola a pesquisa consistiu de: uma entrevista utilizando a estratégia de cena com a coordenadora pedagógica do ensino médio, duas entrevistas em grupo utilizando a cena, uma delas com 14 alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio noturno e outra com 2 professores do ensino médio; aplicação de 36 questionários em alunos do ensino médio noturno. A análise dos dados da pesquisa indica que os alunos da escola da periferia de Osasco estão mais sujeitos à vulnerabilidade psicossocial, não se colocando como sujeito de direitos e expostos à violência do bairro onde moram, a maioria trabalha e o projeto profissional se organiza a partir do trabalho. Quanto à escola de São Paulo os alunos pretendem ingressar no ensino superior, a maioria não trabalha e o projeto profissional se organiza a partir da educação. Os programas de orientação profissional podem auxiliar o jovem a constituir-se como sujeito de sua escolha, assumindo um papel ativo na construção de seus projetos de futuro e diminuindo a vulnerabilidade psicossocial ao desemprego, subemprego ou atividades como o tráfico de drogas ou roubo. Foram discutidos três temas para um programa de política pública em orientação profissional: criação de programas de orientação profissional na escola pública; estratégias para levar informação profissional, principalmente aos alunos de periferia; centros de orientação profissional a quem os alunos e as escolas possam recorrer. Além disso é importante que a orientação profissional seja articulada a outras ações de políticas públicas na área de educação e trabalho. / The subject of a vocational counseling public policy for the secondary education is currently been intensely debated at the United States, the European Community and other countries. In Brazil, contrariwise, successful proposals on the theme are absent. Nevertheless, the Brazilian High School emphasizes the need to prepare the students for their working life, a fact that corroborates the importance of Vocational Counseling activities that help the young students to elaborate career projects that lessen its psychosocial vulnerability. The objective of the present research is to investigate how the public High School assists the student in the elaboration of his career project and how the factors color of skin and gender interfere in the development of this project. Also, it is our intention to formulate proposals for vocational counseling public policies. The research was realized in two different public High Schools. One of them was located in a middle class neighborhood at São Paulo city. The pedagogic coordinator was interviewed in depth, a focal group was formed and 260 students of the High School third year answered a questionnaire. The other school was located in a low-class neighborhood at Osasco. The pedagogic coordinator was interviewed (the scene strategy was used in the interview), two groups (one composed by 14 students of the High School third year, the other by two High School teachers) were interviewed, also using the scene strategy, and 36 High School students answered a questionnaire. The analysis of the results indicates that the students from the Osasco High School are more exposed to the psychosocial vulnerability. They do not see themselves as subjects of Rights and are unprotected from the violence of their neighborhood. The majority of those students elaborate their career project based on their professional experience. On the other hand, most of the students of the São Paulo High School itend to enter university. The majority of them does not have professional experience and elaborate their career project based on their educational experience. The programs of Vocational Counseling can help the young students to take autonomous decisions and to have an active role in the elaboration of their career projects, diminishing the psychosocial vulnerability to unemployment, underemployment or illegal activities like robbery and drug trafficking. Three relevant themes to the elaboration of a project of Vocational Counseling public policy are discussed: (1) the creation of Vocational Counseling programs for the public High School, (2) the creation of strategies that assure the students receive all the information about the working life they need, and (3) the creation of Vocational Counseling that is capable of giving support to the students as well as to the professionals of the High School. Besides, it is very important that the Vocational Counseling activities are articulated with the activities of other public policies in the area of Education and Health.

Submitted by Giovanni Tondin Merlin (gtmerlin@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-26T20:30:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanni_Merlin_PhdThesis.pdf: 2320745 bytes, checksum: 5570b1e9282fcd00b0c9bc7c8cd2f61c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-26T20:49:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanni_Merlin_PhdThesis.pdf: 2320745 bytes, checksum: 5570b1e9282fcd00b0c9bc7c8cd2f61c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-27T13:42:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanni_Merlin_PhdThesis.pdf: 2320745 bytes, checksum: 5570b1e9282fcd00b0c9bc7c8cd2f61c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T13:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanni_Merlin_PhdThesis.pdf: 2320745 bytes, checksum: 5570b1e9282fcd00b0c9bc7c8cd2f61c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / This thesis is composed of three essays related to heterogeneous agent models with entrepreneurship. The first chapter adds aggregate uncertainty in a heterogeneous agent model with entrepreneurship and financial frictions, in order to evaluate the welfare effects of business cycles. The second chapter quantitatively assess the impact of The Brazilian Development Bank on the Brazilian economy, through subsidized credit supply. The third chapter uses a heterogeneous agent model to estimate effects of changes in the Brazilian tax composition on development and welfare. / Essa tese é composta por três ensaios cujo elemento em comum é a utilização de modelos de agentes heterogêneos com empreendedorismo. O primeiro capítulo adiciona incerteza agregada em um modelo de agentes heterogêneos com empreendedorismo e fricções financeiras, com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos de bem-estar dos ciclos de negócios. O segundo capítulo mensura os impactos do BNDES na economia Brasileira, através da oferta de crédito subsidiado. O terceiro capítulo utiliza um modelo de agentes heterogêneos para estimar os efeitos da composição tarifária no Brasil sobre o desenvolvimento e bem-estar.

<p>The present thesis examines the possible reasons social workers have for entering and eventually graduating from the Social Work Department in Iraklio, Greece. It is a three-phase study, consisting of three distinct but related research parts; each research part is built upon knowledge, issues and questions derived from the preceding part.</p><p>My background in sociology influenced the choice of theoretical perspectives; I was not interested in investigating students’ choice from a psychologically-based perspective. Bourdieu (e.g. 1977; 1987) and the work of others who have drawn on and developed his work (e.g. Hodkinson & Sparkes, 1997; Reay, 1998a) constituted a theoretical framework. In addition, theoretical perspectives which recognise the interplay between individual and structural factors (e.g. Kasimati, 1991) also proved useful. In this work both quantitative and qualitative approaches (grounded theory, narrative analysis) were employed.</p><p>The findings contradict views that stress the degree of free choice people have about work; it is clear that external structural factors limit or contribute to the shaping of this choice. This is not to say, however, that the findings stress the determining influence of solely external factors on students’ choice. Students in this thesis describe actively making decisions; they are players in the field of education. They enter the field with unequal amounts of capital (economic, cultural); thus, although in theory everyone is free to play, not everyone is equal. To the extent that they have different social backgrounds (gender, class), their classed-and-gendered habitus differs as well. In the process of students’ educational choice, their habitus along with the particular educational system (with all its opportunities and restrictions) influence students’ horizons for action, their perceptions of what is available and appropriate for them. The high value placed on higher education (educational fetishism) is another factor influencing students’ horizons for action. In the context of their horizons for action, students employ a variety of strategies in order to enter higher education (e.g. the way they prepare for the exams, their ranking of Schools in preference order etc). The outcome of these strategies is their admission to the Social Work Department, which may have been intended or unintended. After having entered Social Work, additional factors influence students’ educational choice; experiences within the School (e.g. practice tutorials) contribute to their attitude towards social work and their studies, thus to their decision to graduate from the Social Work Department. Students’ decision-making process is made up of patterns of routine experience interspersed with turning points.</p>

This dissertation consists of three essays, taking different perspectives on human capital. The first essay looks at human capital from a growth perspective. Essays two and three focuses on the individual’s occupational decision and its relation to family background. The first essay attempts to capture the effects on long run economic growth and transitional dynamics of the interaction between human capital and R&amp;D. We do this by allowing for endogenous human capital accumulation in an economy where the number of products and technologies expands because profit maximizing entrepreneurs do R&amp;D. We find that, in the absence of scale effects, long run growth is determined by the economy’s capacity to accumulate human capital. A relative lack of R&amp;D capital causes the economy to grow slowly during its transition to the steady state, while a relative abundance of R&amp;D capital gives high growth rates during transition. In the second essay, the classical Roy-model of selection on the labor market is extended in order to analyze intergenerational mobility. This is done through the introduction of ability uncertainty that is linked to family background. In contrast to to additional human capital models of intergenerational mobility, this mechanism rather than differences in access to capital markets links occupational oucomes of offspring to parents. We study the effects of income redistribution on mobility and talent allocation. It is found that redistribution has implications for intergenerational mobility and talent allocation through its influence on individual occupational choices. However, we conclude that the presence of a trade-off between redistribution and intergenerational mobility depends on the extent of similarity of occupations with regard to ability sensitivity and wage rates, and on the degree of individual risk aversion. Whether redistribution occurs only within an occupation or simultaneously within and across occupations is also inportant for the implicatons for mobility and talent allocation. In essay three, a model of occupational choice and human capital investment is developmed and tested. The model allows family background to influence occupational choice through access to economic resources, differences in costs of schooling, and ability uncertainty linked to background similar to that discussed in essay two. It is predicted that life time utility of children from less well-off background is more sensitive to economic incentives when risk aversion is strong. The model also predicts that people are more sensitive to economic incentives when considering occupations distant from their parent occuations. The implications of the theoretical model are tested and largely confirmed on Swedish data using a mixed multinominal logit framework which explicitly accounts for unobserved ability heterogeneity. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1998</p>

The present thesis examines the possible reasons social workers have for entering and eventually graduating from the Social Work Department in Iraklio, Greece. It is a three-phase study, consisting of three distinct but related research parts; each research part is built upon knowledge, issues and questions derived from the preceding part. My background in sociology influenced the choice of theoretical perspectives; I was not interested in investigating students’ choice from a psychologically-based perspective. Bourdieu (e.g. 1977; 1987) and the work of others who have drawn on and developed his work (e.g. Hodkinson &amp; Sparkes, 1997; Reay, 1998a) constituted a theoretical framework. In addition, theoretical perspectives which recognise the interplay between individual and structural factors (e.g. Kasimati, 1991) also proved useful. In this work both quantitative and qualitative approaches (grounded theory, narrative analysis) were employed. The findings contradict views that stress the degree of free choice people have about work; it is clear that external structural factors limit or contribute to the shaping of this choice. This is not to say, however, that the findings stress the determining influence of solely external factors on students’ choice. Students in this thesis describe actively making decisions; they are players in the field of education. They enter the field with unequal amounts of capital (economic, cultural); thus, although in theory everyone is free to play, not everyone is equal. To the extent that they have different social backgrounds (gender, class), their classed-and-gendered habitus differs as well. In the process of students’ educational choice, their habitus along with the particular educational system (with all its opportunities and restrictions) influence students’ horizons for action, their perceptions of what is available and appropriate for them. The high value placed on higher education (educational fetishism) is another factor influencing students’ horizons for action. In the context of their horizons for action, students employ a variety of strategies in order to enter higher education (e.g. the way they prepare for the exams, their ranking of Schools in preference order etc). The outcome of these strategies is their admission to the Social Work Department, which may have been intended or unintended. After having entered Social Work, additional factors influence students’ educational choice; experiences within the School (e.g. practice tutorials) contribute to their attitude towards social work and their studies, thus to their decision to graduate from the Social Work Department. Students’ decision-making process is made up of patterns of routine experience interspersed with turning points.

This thesis consists of four empirical essays on the topics of ethnic segregation, gender economics, and self-employment.    Essay I investigates how the residential mobility of Sweden's native population contributes to ethnic segregation, by applying regression discontinuity methods. The results show that the growth in the native population in a neighbourhood discontinuously drops as the share of non-European immigrants exceeds the tipping point. Tipping is driven by the departure of natives and their avoidance of tipped neighbourhoods. Tipping behaviour is selective in the sense that highly educated and high earning natives are more likely to leave neighbourhoods that have tipped.    Essay II studies the relationship between the childhood neighbourhood's ethnic composition and economic outcomes in adulthood for second-generation immigrant sand natives. The results reveal that a high concentration of immigrants in aneighbourhood is associated with a lower probability of second-generation immigrants continuing to higher education. Natives' earnings and educational attainment are negatively correlated with, and the probability of social assistance and unemployment are positively associated with a high immigrant concentration. Among non-Nordic second-generation immigrants, reliance on social assistance and unemployment are negatively correlated with the share of co-ethnics and positively associated with the proportion of other ethnic groups.    Essay III explores the role of social norms and attitudes about gender for labour market outcomes of immigrant men and women in Sweden. The results show that immigrants originating from countries with large gender disparities in labour force participation also have large gender gaps in labour force participation within their immigrant group on the Swedish labour market. In contrast, source country gender differences in earnings are not correlated with gender gaps in earnings within immigrant groups in Sweden. In addition, gender gaps in labour force participation among immigrants assimilate towards the corresponding gap among natives as time inSweden increases.    Essay IV empirically tests the Jack-of-all-trades theory, which states that individuals who are more balanced in their abilities are more suitable for self-employment. Using Swedish Military Enlistment data, a measure of balance in endowed abilities is constructed and this balance measure is, in relation to previous research, less likely tobe endogenous. The results support the Jack-of-all-trades theory, in the sense that propensity for being or becoming self-employed is greater for individuals with abalanced set of abilities. In addition, earnings from self-employment tend to be higher among individuals with a balanced set of skills.

The first three papers of this Ph.D. thesis experimentally study the preferences of individuals making cross-border charitable donations. In Is Foreign Aid Paternalistic? (with Anna Breman and Felix Masiye) subjects choose whether to make a monetary or a tied transfer (mosquito nets) to an anonymous household in Zambia. The mean donation of mosquito nets differs significantly from zero, and paternalistic donors constitute a higher share of the sample than do purely altruistic donors. The second paper, Corruption and the Case for Tied Aid (with Anna Breman), compares the willingness to give money to Zambia's national health budget (CBoH) with the willingness to donate mosquito nets to a health-care clinic in Lusaka. Donors clearly prefer tied aid to untied program aid. Exit questionnaires suggest the reason to be a fear of corruption and misallocation at the CBoH. In Altruism without Borders? (with Anna Breman), we study whether the willingness to give increase with the information given about the recipients. We find no significant effect of identification on donations. Women and Informality: Evidence from Senegal, the fourth paper (with Elena Bardasi), uses household survey data to study women’s work and gender wage gaps in the formal and informal sector in Dakar. Multinomial logit analysis reveals that women are 3-4 times less likely to work formally rather than informally. Wage regressions reveal that little schooling, for instance, explains a considerable part of the gender wage gap. In the informal sector, however, the wage gap between men and women remains at 28%.    The fifth paper, Does Innovation Pay? A Study of the Pharmaceutical Product Cycle, examines how a drug’s life cycle depends on its degree of therapeutic innovation. All New Chemical Entities introduced in Sweden between 1987 and 2000 are rated into one of three innovation classes: A (important gains); B (modest gains); and C (little gains). Over a 15-year life cycle, the average class A drug raises 15% higher revenues than B drugs and 114% higher revenues than C drugs. But yearly class A and C sales differences are rarely significant. When comparing innovative (A and B pooled) and imitative (C) drugs, 15-year life cycle revenues of innovative drugs exceed those of imitative drugs by 100%. This sales difference is significant in 19 out of 20 years after launch. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2008 Sammanfattning jämte 5 uppsatser

Submitted by Giovanni Tondin Merlin (gtmerlin@hotmail.com) on 2014-03-10T16:45:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Spreads e Informalidade - Giovanni Merlin.pdf: 943568 bytes, checksum: 8fcba4354e975daa8939d6a2913f4c16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2014-03-10T20:25:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Spreads e Informalidade - Giovanni Merlin.pdf: 943568 bytes, checksum: 8fcba4354e975daa8939d6a2913f4c16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-10T21:18:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Spreads e Informalidade - Giovanni Merlin.pdf: 943568 bytes, checksum: 8fcba4354e975daa8939d6a2913f4c16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Este trabalho busca identificar os efeitos de mudanças nos spreads bancários sobre as distribuições de renda, riqueza e consumo, bem como o bem-estar da economia. Para tal, é desenvolvido um modelo de agentes heterogêneos com mercados incompletos e escolha ocupacional, no qual a informalidade de firmas e trabalhadores é um canal de transmissão relevante. O principal resultado encontrado é que reduções no spread para pessoa jurídica aumenta a proporção de empreendedores e trabalhadores formais na economia, de forma que o tamanho do setor informal diminui. Os efeitos sobre a desigualdade, no entanto, são ambíguos, e dependerão da dinâmica salarial e das transferências do governo. Reduções no spread para pessoa física levam a uma redução nos indicadores de desigualdade, em detrimento do consumo e bem-estar agregados. Calibrando o modelo para o Brasil para 2003-2012, é possível encontrar resultados em linha com a recente queda na informalidade e no diferencial salarial entre trabalhadores formais e informais. / This work looks to identify the effects of changes in banking spreads on income, wealth and consumption distributions, as well as welfare. For this purpose, a heterogeneous-agent incomplete-market model with occupational choice is developed, in which the informality, of firms and workers, is a relevant transmission channel. The main result found is that reductions on spreads for firms leads to a higher share of formal workers and entrepreneurs in the economy, reducing the size of the informal sector. The effect on inequality, however, are ambiguous, and depends on wages dynamics and government transfers. Cuts in spreads to individuals reduce inequality indicators, at the expense of consumption and aggregate welfare. Calibrating the model for Brazil, from 2003 to 2012, is possible to find results in line with the recent fall in informality and wage gap between formal and informal workers.

O tema da Orientação Profissional como política pública na escola secundária está sendo intensamente discutindo nos Estados Unidos, na Europa e em outros países. No Brasil, porém, não há propostas bem sucedidas neste campo, mas a ênfase do ensino médio na formação para o trabalho pode apontar a importância de programas de orientação que auxiliem o jovem a construir projetos profissionais que diminuam sua vulnerabilidade psicossocial. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar como a escola pública de ensino médio auxilia o aluno na construção dos projetos profissionais e como as categorias de cor da pele e gênero interferem na construção destes projetos, além de oferecer indicativos para políticas públicas na área. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas públicas de ensino médio. Uma das escolas localizada em um bairro de classe média na cidade de São Paulo, em que se realizou: uma entrevista em profundidade com o coordenador pedagógico do ensino médio; um grupo focal com 6 professores; aplicação de questionário a 260 questionários alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio do período da manhã. A outra escola fica na periferia de Osasco, município da Grande São Paulo, nessa escola a pesquisa consistiu de: uma entrevista utilizando a estratégia de cena com a coordenadora pedagógica do ensino médio, duas entrevistas em grupo utilizando a cena, uma delas com 14 alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio noturno e outra com 2 professores do ensino médio; aplicação de 36 questionários em alunos do ensino médio noturno. A análise dos dados da pesquisa indica que os alunos da escola da periferia de Osasco estão mais sujeitos à vulnerabilidade psicossocial, não se colocando como sujeito de direitos e expostos à violência do bairro onde moram, a maioria trabalha e o projeto profissional se organiza a partir do trabalho. Quanto à escola de São Paulo os alunos pretendem ingressar no ensino superior, a maioria não trabalha e o projeto profissional se organiza a partir da educação. Os programas de orientação profissional podem auxiliar o jovem a constituir-se como sujeito de sua escolha, assumindo um papel ativo na construção de seus projetos de futuro e diminuindo a vulnerabilidade psicossocial ao desemprego, subemprego ou atividades como o tráfico de drogas ou roubo. Foram discutidos três temas para um programa de política pública em orientação profissional: criação de programas de orientação profissional na escola pública; estratégias para levar informação profissional, principalmente aos alunos de periferia; centros de orientação profissional a quem os alunos e as escolas possam recorrer. Além disso é importante que a orientação profissional seja articulada a outras ações de políticas públicas na área de educação e trabalho. / The subject of a vocational counseling public policy for the secondary education is currently been intensely debated at the United States, the European Community and other countries. In Brazil, contrariwise, successful proposals on the theme are absent. Nevertheless, the Brazilian High School emphasizes the need to prepare the students for their working life, a fact that corroborates the importance of Vocational Counseling activities that help the young students to elaborate career projects that lessen its psychosocial vulnerability. The objective of the present research is to investigate how the public High School assists the student in the elaboration of his career project and how the factors color of skin and gender interfere in the development of this project. Also, it is our intention to formulate proposals for vocational counseling public policies. The research was realized in two different public High Schools. One of them was located in a middle class neighborhood at São Paulo city. The pedagogic coordinator was interviewed in depth, a focal group was formed and 260 students of the High School third year answered a questionnaire. The other school was located in a low-class neighborhood at Osasco. The pedagogic coordinator was interviewed (the scene strategy was used in the interview), two groups (one composed by 14 students of the High School third year, the other by two High School teachers) were interviewed, also using the scene strategy, and 36 High School students answered a questionnaire. The analysis of the results indicates that the students from the Osasco High School are more exposed to the psychosocial vulnerability. They do not see themselves as subjects of Rights and are unprotected from the violence of their neighborhood. The majority of those students elaborate their career project based on their professional experience. On the other hand, most of the students of the São Paulo High School itend to enter university. The majority of them does not have professional experience and elaborate their career project based on their educational experience. The programs of Vocational Counseling can help the young students to take autonomous decisions and to have an active role in the elaboration of their career projects, diminishing the psychosocial vulnerability to unemployment, underemployment or illegal activities like robbery and drug trafficking. Three relevant themes to the elaboration of a project of Vocational Counseling public policy are discussed: (1) the creation of Vocational Counseling programs for the public High School, (2) the creation of strategies that assure the students receive all the information about the working life they need, and (3) the creation of Vocational Counseling that is capable of giving support to the students as well as to the professionals of the High School. Besides, it is very important that the Vocational Counseling activities are articulated with the activities of other public policies in the area of Education and Health.

Les récents mouvements sociaux qui ont secoué certains pays arabes notamment l'Algérie ont montré la fragilité de la situation sur le marché du travail dans ces pays en particulier pour les jeunes. Le premier chapitre porte sur l'analyse de la situation du marché du travail en Algérie sur une longue période. Ces dix dernières années la situation de l'emploi s'est dégradée en termes de sécurité de l'emploi en particulier pour les jeunes. La situation reste difficile, d'autant plus que la situation démographique actuelle envisage de fortes pressions sur le marché du travail dans le futur. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous analysons les stratégies de recherche d'emploi notamment par le biais des méthodes informelles. Nos résultats montrent de fortes spécificités liées au genre dans les stratégies de recherche. Dans l'ensemble, les réseaux sociaux apparaissent comme étant une méthode efficace pour trouver un emploi en Algérie mais pas pour des emplois qualifiés. Le troisième chapitre vise à étudier l'architecture des systèmes d'emploi en Algérie. Il ressort que le modèle qui explique le mieux le comportement des hommes et des femmes est un modèle séquentiel à deux niveaux : participation vs non participation et ensuite le choix d'un segment sur le marché du travail. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous analysons les déterminants du choix du secteur et les salaires pour les hommes et les femmes dans différents secteurs d'activités en Algérie. Nos résultats montrent que les femmes sont moins bien rémunérées par rapport aux hommes dans les différents segments. Le secteur public est celui qui protège le plus les femmes de la discrimination salariale. / Recent social movements that swept some Arab countries including Algeria showed the fragility of the situation on the labor market in these countries in particular for young people. The first chapter deals with the analysis of the situation of the labor market in Algeria over a long period. Over the past decade the employment situation has deteriorated in terms of job security in particular for young people. The situation remains difficult, especially as the current demographic situation considering pressures on the labor market in the future. In the second chapter, we analyze the strategies for job search including through informal methods. Our results show strong gender specificities in search strategies. Overall, social networks appear to be an effective method to find a job in Algeria but not for skilled jobs. The third chapter aims to study the architecture of employment systems in Algeria. It appears that the model that best explains the behavior of men and women is a sequential two-level model: participation vs. non participation and then choosing a segment on the labor market. In the fourth chapter, we analyze the determinants of the choice of sector and wages for men and women in different sectors in Algeria. Our results show that women are paid less compared to men in the various segments. The public sector is the one that best protects women from wage discrimination.