This study aims to investigate the process of institutionalization of Spanish teaching in Brazil, seeking to identify the goals imposed by society to formal education institutions. In order to do it so, Spanish teaching content, contests, published textbooks and methodological guidelines within 1870-1961 will be analyzed. The period was chosen considering two important pieces of legislation: first, Decree Number 4,468, of February 1, 1870, which changed the regulations of Colégio Pedro II, introducing formal content of Spanish and Hispanic-American literature for the first time in Brazilian education curricula. Second: Law Number 4,024, of December 20, 1961, the first LDB Law of Guidelines and Bases, was also studied. From that legal support, the modern foreign language to be taught in high school would be chosen by schools. In order to develop the present study, some documental sources were used, such as: educational legislation, newspaper texts, curricula, textbooks, rulers reports, points of teachers selection exams, thesis submitted in selections between 1870 and 1961. The investigation did an approximation of the purposes of the institutional implementation of Spanish teaching (language and literature) in Brazil, including all levels of formal education and their political, educational and cultural implications. / Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de investigar el proceso de institucionalización de la enseñanza de español en Brasil, buscando identificar las finalidades impuestas por la sociedad a las instituciones de educación formal. Para ello fueran evaluados los contenidos de la enseñanza, oposiciones, libros de texto publicados e indicaciones metodológicas, en el período de 1870 y 1961. El recorte se eligió teniendo en cuenta dos piezas legislativas importantes: en primer lugar, el Decreto nº 4.468, de 1º de febrero de 1870, que modificó los reglamentos del Colegio Pedro II, insertando por primera vez en los planes de estudio brasileños de educación formal contenidos de las literaturas española e hispano-americanas. Para finalizar, la Ley nº 4.024, de 20 de diciembre de 1961, la primera LDB – Ley de Directrices y Bases. Desde esa norma legal, la lengua extranjera moderna, que debería ser enseñada en las escuelas de enseñanza media sería elegida por los establecimientos de enseñanza. Para desarrollar el presente trabajo han sido utilizadas diversas fuentes documentales: la legislación educacional, textos de periódicos, programas de enseñanza, libros de texto, informes de gobernantes, temario de oposiciones, tesis presentadas en oposiciones, entre 1870 y 1961. La investigación ha hecho una aproximación a las finalidades de implantación institucional de la enseñanza de español (lengua y literaturas) en Brasil, en los diversos niveles de enseñanza formal y sus implicaciones políticas, educativas y culturales. / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar o processo de institucionalização do ensino do espanhol no Brasil, a fim de identificar as finalidades impostas pela sociedade às instituições de educação formal. Para tanto foram avaliados os conteúdos de ensino, concursos, compêndios publicados e indicações metodológicas, no período de 1870 a 1961. O recorte foi escolhido tendo em vista duas peças legislativas importantes: inicialmente, o Decreto nº 4.468, de 1º de fevereiro de 1870, que alterou os regulamentos do Colégio Pedro II, inserindo pela primeira vez nos currículos brasileiros de educação formal conteúdos das literaturas espanhola e hispano-americanas. Para término, a Lei nº 4.024, de 20 de dezembro de 1961, a primeira LDB Lei de Diretrizes e Bases. A partir dessa norma legal, a língua estrangeira moderna a ser ensinada no ensino médio seria escolhida pelos estabelecimentos de ensino. Para desenvolver o presente trabalho foram utilizadas diversas fontes documentais: a legislação educacional, textos de jornais, programas de ensino, compêndios, relatórios de governantes, pontos de concursos, teses apresentadas em concursos, entre 1870 e 1961. A investigação fez uma aproximação das finalidades da implantação institucional do ensino do espanhol (língua e literaturas) no Brasil, nos diversos níveis de ensino formal e suas implicações políticas, pedagógicas e culturais.

Orientador : Roberto Rodrigues Paes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:43:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Balbino_HermesFerreira_D.pdf: 708315 bytes, checksum: 7877dc8e531cc053708c56dd3e60a048 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os jogos desportivos coletivos, como parte de modalidades integrantes do fenômeno complexo Esporte, têm se manifestado significativamente no cenário esportivo nacional e sua expressividade tem se confirmado com a participação significativa das Seleções Nacionais em eventos internacionais, com destaque para diversas conquistas de posições expressivas em Jogos Panamericanos, Campeonatos do Mundo e Jogos Olímpicos. Técnicos brasileiros de modalidades coletivas têm seus nomes ligados às conquistas das seleções nacionais e tomados como responsáveis diretos pelo sucesso das equipes. Este estudo, realizado com o método de análise de conteúdo através de entrevista semiestruturada, contou com a participação de oito técnicos esportivos reconhecidos no contexto esportivo nacional e internacional, e teve como objetivos indicar fundamentos para a composição de um corpo teórico que abrigue a Pedagogia do Treinamento integrada à Pedagogia do Esporte e conhecer o conjunto de competências dos técnicos esportivos de seleções nacionais, de modalidades coletivas, com resultados relevantes em âmbito internacional. A proposição da pesquisa foi a de verificar os conjuntos de estratégias e procedimentos que estão além da aplicação de métodos de treinamento, compondo um contexto de ações na condução do processo de treinamento esportivo voltado para o esporte profissional. O corpo teórico, composto em dois capítulos para realizar as análises inferenciais das entrevistas dos sujeitos, abrigou no primeiro capítulo o entendimento dos jogos coletivos, na ótica da descrição de sua estrutura por autores da área, da sua compreensão na perspectiva sistêmica, dos princípios organizacionais e de treinamento. No segundo capítulo, compôs-se pela integração dos conceitos Esporte, Pedagogia e Treinamento, com a finalidade de dar base para o entendimento de estratégias e procedimentos pedagógicos do técnico esportivo. O desenvolvimento do processo de treinamento das modalidades pertencentes aos jogos desportivos coletivos exige o constante relacionamento do treinador com as informações nos mais diversos níveis, e com os conhecimentos desenvolvidos nas ciências do esporte. Concluiu-se que o ambiente do treinamento esportivo é um campo de práticas onde a educação se faz presente, podendo-se justificar a partir daí, uma pedagogia do treinamento e que a ação pedagógica do técnico esportivo transcende o método na medida em que supre as necessidades de procedimentos elaborados na flexibilidade de suas atitudes, e no entendimento de que as suas intervenções também se dirigem a níveis que um programa de treinamento não prevê, pelo padrão de imprevisibilidade dos jogos desportivos coletivos e da compreensão da multidimensionalidade do atleta / Abstract: The team sports games, as part of events which integrate the complex phenomenon Sport, have manifested significantly in the national sport scenario and their expressiveness has been confirmed with the significant participation of national teams in international events, with highlights on several conquests of expressive positions in Pan-American, World and Olympic Games. Brazilian coaches from team events have their names linked to the conquests of the national teams and are taken as directly responsible for the teams¿ success. This study, made with the content analysis method through semi structured interviews, counted with the participation of eight sports coaches recognized in the national and international sports context, and had as targets the indication of fundaments for the composition of a theoretical body that shelters Training Pedagogy integrated to Sports Pedagogy and the knowledge of the group of competences of sports coaches from national teams, from team events, with relevant results at international level. The research¿s proposal was to verify the group of strategies and procedures which are beyond the application of training methods, composing a context of actions in the conduction of the sport training process turned to Professional sport. The theoretical body, composed in two chapters to perform the inferential analysis of the subjects¿ interviews, sheltered in chapter one the understanding of team sports, from the point of view of description of its structure by authors from this area, its comprehension in the systemic perspective, in the organizational and training principles. Chapter 2 was composed by the integration of the Sports, Pedagogy and Training concepts, aiming the base for the understanding of strategies and pedagogic procedures of the sports coach. The development of the training process of the events which belong to the team sports games requires the constant relationship between the coach and information at the most varied levels, and with knowledge developed in sports science. It was concluded that the sports training environment is a field of practices where education makes itself present, making it possible to justify, from then on, a training pedagogy and that the pedagogic action of the sports coach goes beyond the method considering that it fulfills the procedure needs elaborated in the flexibility of its attitude and in the understanding that his interventions are also driven to levels a training program doesn¿t foresee, by the Standard of unpredictability of the team sports games and the comprehension of the athlete¿s multidimensionality / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física

Orientador: Edison Duarte / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_SoniaMariaToyoshima_D.pdf: 2144773 bytes, checksum: c8214e238f3c3f18c8e3232b3c5cb3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Há alguns anos, o Ensino Superior tem sido alvo de debates e estudos, sobretudo no que se refere ao relacionamento com os alunos, ao desenvolvimento do ensino, à ausência de discussão sobre questões epistemológicas subjacentes à organização do trabalho docente e de proposta de avaliação de aprendizagem mais coerentes com a realidade educacional. Embora reconhecendo que a Universidade e seus professores não sejam únicos interlocutores e referentes básicos na condição de produtores do conhecimento humano, consideramos que os mesmos projetam modelos curriculares e iniciativas pedagógicas. Esse compromisso pressupõe, via de regra, uma prática de ensino que transcende algumas concepções, reelaboração do pensar e do agir. Ao compreender que as experiências não têm uma referência somente nas razões pessoais, destacamos nessa tese, a construção e uma teorização, através da reflexão sobre a ação, de uma metodologia de ação para a formação universitária em Educação Física Adaptada. Embora seja muito particular, estamos empreendendo discutir a formação universitária com qualidade para todos os acadêmicos, bem como completar as diferentes interfaces do ensino pedagógico. Subsidiamos nossa metodologia de ação nas bases teóricas de Donald Shön e Zeichner que revisitaram as concepções em Dewey. Nas apreciações analíticas, decorrentes do método qualitativo, optamos pela utilização da entrevista. A epistemologia da prática encontra-se centrada na experiência e no saber profissional desenvolvido pelo Projeto de Ação Educacional na Educação Física Adaptada (ProEEFA), na Universidade Estadual de Maringá ¿ Departamento de Educação Física. O saber construído e manifestado a partir da experiência de uma situação vivida com cunho longitudinal, conduziu a um conjunto de informações, conhecimentos e atitudes que foram sendo desenvolvidos no período de quatro anos, com a participação efetiva de vinte discentes que estiveram nas ações entre quatro meses a quatro anos. Ao contextualizarmos a experiência vivida, constatamos através da reflexão sobre a ação que alguns indicativos educacionais se manifestaram como norteadores de uma formação universitária como: a interação nos encaminhamentos do processo pedagógico; que a questão paradigmática interfere no processo de formação educacional; que o professor é um agente social mediador que também é mediatizado por outros agentes; que o conceito de competência ultrapassa a noção comportamentalista do termo; que a motivação é o meio, freqüentemente, para atingirmos o sucesso; que as relações de cooperação devem ser regidas pela reciprocidade com relações constituintes; que a interpelação de cooperação é possível, quando se explicita a autonomia na participação irredutível e indispensável do indivíduo na elaboração de novas formas de pensar e novos conhecimentos; que a proposição dialógica evidenciada destaca a representatividade de troca e crescimento, tanto do educando, quanto do educador. Destacando, ainda, que o saber educacional se insere, a cada momento, nas vidas das pessoas, para que se tornem cidadãs. E, cidadão é aquele que se soma na vida social, e, ao fazê-lo participa, comprometendo-se com a ação político-pedagógica / Abstract: The University Teaching has been the target of debates and studies for some years, mainly concerning the relationship with the students, the development of teaching, the lack of discussion on epistemological issues that are subjacent to the teachers¿ work organization, and a proposal of learning evaluation, which is more coherent with the educational reality. Although knowing that the University and its professors are neither the only interlocutors nor the only basic references in the condition of producers of human knowledge, we consider that they project curricular models and pedagogical initiatives. Such compromise assumes, mainly, a teaching practice that transcends some conceptions, the reelaboration of thinking and acting. Understanding that the experiences have a reference not only in personal reasons, in this thesis we make evident the construction and a theorization, by the reflection-on-action, of an action methodology for the university formation in Adapted Physical Education. In spite of being very particular, we aim at discussing the university formation with quality for all academic students, as well as completing the different interfaces of the pedagogical teaching. Our methodology of action is based on Donald Shön and Zeichner¿s theories, authors who studied Dewey¿s conceptions. Considering the analytical appreciations of the qualitative method we have chosen to use the interview. The practice epistemology is centered on the experience and professional knowledge developed by the Educational Action Project in the Adapted Physical Education (ProEEFA) in the State University of Maringá city ¿ Department of Physical Education. The knowledge constructed and manifested from the experience of a situation lived with a longitudinal characteristic, led to a set of information, knowledge and attitudes that have been developed in a 4-year-period, with the effective participation of twenty professors who were engaged in the actions from four months to four years. When contextualizing the experience we had, based on the reflection-on-action, we concluded that some educational indicatives are the guiders of a university education, that is, the interaction during the performance of the guidelines of the pedagogical process, the teacher as a mediator social agent who is also mediated by other agents; the concept of competence that transcend the behaviorist notion of the term; the motivation that is the frequent way of achieving the success, the relationships of cooperation that are guided by reciprocity with constituent relations; the possibility of an interpellation of cooperation, when the autonomy in the invincible and indispensable participation of the subject concerning the elaboration of new ways of thinking and new knowledge is explained; the dialogic proposition that makes evident the representativeness of changing and growing up of both the student and the educator. The fact that the educational knowledge is increasingly inserted into people¿s life to make them citizens is also evidenced. Besides, citizen is the one who engages himself in the social life, and doing so, he is compromised with the political-pedagogical action / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

M.Ed. (Community Education) / In its magazine (Kaleidoscope 1995:23) Mmabana Lehurutshe states that its intention is to help trainees to be independent after completion of their training. What prompted this study is that contrary to Mmabana Lehurutshe's intention, most of their ex-trainees go back to their initial jobs as house keepers, cleaners, tea makers or they are left jobless. The study makes an inquiry into the role of Mmabana in helping its people to convert the acquired productive skills into microentrepreneurial skills so that they can be self-sustaining. An important contribution of the study is that it unveils the hidden needs of the trainees as well as to give insight into the perceptions of the instructors. It also sheds light on what Mmabana Lehurutshe can do to empower its trainees. Section one gives an overview of the study, background of study, aim and purpose of study, importance of study, research strategy and research questions. The conceptual framework is given in section two. Concepts looked into are the community, community education, microentrepreneurial skills for self-employment, the core-plus curriculum for adult learners and curriculum changes in the developing countries of Africa. Section three displays raw data achieved through fieldwork. Data is processed and findings are arrived at. In section four findings are interpreted and recommendations are made.

D.Ed. (Didactics) / South Africa is presently experiencing a transitional phase where change is the order of the day. Providing education cannot be ruled out. As education plays a universal role in preparing the child for life the general demand for relevance in school education as well as instruction in both the Science and Biology curriculums are investigated in this research projegt. The present provision of education in our schools does not meet the demands of a changing and developing society. High unemployment figures can be attributed to, inter alia, the inability of the education system to provide a well-trained work-force. Education in the senior secondary phase should therefore cater for a curriculum which is more vocationally-oriented and which prepares the pupil for a profession. Science must simultaneously be targeted on the training of scientists as well as non-scientists. A vocationally-oriented content will particularly increase the relevance of the Biology curriculum because the pupil will become aware of the practical (iii) application possibilities of theoretical knowledge in a profession. In addition skills such ee , cognitive (intellectual) skills and psychomotor (practical) skills and techniques will be developed which will not only benefit the pupil who wants to embark a career in biology but will also result in a general science literacy and equip him to handle all community aspects with responsibility and confidence. The empirical investigation of this study centres on determining the relevance of the themes, research skills and laboratory techniques with regard to the present Biology syllabus aimed at both the pupil who desires to pursue an academic course of study and the pupil who wishes to enter a profession in the field of biological science. Therefore lecturers and students at institutions' for tertiary education, as well as employers and employees of professional/vocational institutions were approached in order to determine the relevance of the present Biology syllabus to tertiary studies or to professional life...

D.Ed. / A child is educated with the aim of being able to comply with all the demands of life. One of these demands is having an occupation. In our contemporary society, the demand for work is far greater than the supply, which leads to unemployment. This is one reason for the actuality of this research. The lack of entrepreneurs is a national problem. Generally, parents are of the opinion that someone out there is waiting to employ their child. Children are thus brought up to believe that they must be employees or job seekers. At an early stage, the awareness and attitudes of the youth can be changed by means of entreprenedrial education as a method of combatting unemployment. This study concerns the task of the parental home as creator of a culture characterised by entrepreneurship. A twofold approach, consisting of a literature study (chapters 2-4) and an empirical study (chapters 5-6) was used. The purpose of the study is to determine: • what is understood by entrepreneurship (chapter 2); • the task of the parental home (chapter 3) and • the contribution of the parental home to the encouragement of entrepreneurship (chapter 4). The empirical investigation was undertaken with reference to the above theoretical framework. Teachers and businessman in the Springs Magisterial District were involved in the research. The purpose of this research is to determine which factors or circumstances in the parental home encourage entrepreneurship. Since this information could not be acquired by means of a known or existing instrument, a suitable instrument was designed.

The skills shortages in mining and mineral sector had existed for a decade and had a widespread effect on South Africa economy. It affects the level of economic productivity and reduces the country’s capacity to develop a knowledge society. This, in turn, affects the country’s functioning in the global economy. Despite the sector’s best efforts, the shortages continue to grow and threaten the delivery of projects and growth plans. Some researchers contend with the view that the persistence of skills shortages in mining and mineral sector is largely due to entrenched attitudes among both the industry and the community. They claim that employers have the means to change the educational profile of the subsectors by appointing recruits with higher levels of schooling. However, owing to the limited number of higher educated people living in the communities surrounding the mining operations and lack of interest in mining of people with higher levels of education, to name but few, employers are perceived to have a habit of employing people with little skills. The current study was aimed at investigating the impact of skills shortage on organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability, from the management perceptive. The main objective of this study was to incorporate and embed previous research findings and theories into a comprehensive hypothetical model. A hypothetical model showed various factors that may influence skills shortage. Four independent variables (working environment, employment conditions, resources and education and training) were identified as variables that may influence skills shortage; and mediating variable (skills shortage) was also identified as a variable that have potential to affect dependent variables (organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability) of gold mining sector. Furthermore, eight hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between independent, mediating and dependent variables. All these variables were clearly defined and operationalized with various items obtained from measuring instruments used in other similar studies. A purposive sample of 343 respondents was drawn from the population. A seven-point Likert scale and structured questionnaire were administered in person to the respondents and of which 300 were usable and subjected further to several statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using significant effect p< = 0.001 and Pearson’s correlation test (α = 0.05). Data gathered were fed to and analysed by STATISTICA (version 10) and factor analysis and regression analyses were the statistical procedures used to test the significance of the relationships between the various independent and dependent variables. Consequently, working environment, resources and education and training were three independent variables that were identified as having ability to predict propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability. An attempt was made to establish whether various demographic variables have an influence on mediating and dependent variables through the introduction of gender and position in the organisation while conducting an Analysis of Variance and Multiple linear regressions, but they obtained negative values. The conclusion is that demographic variables do not have over mediating and depended variables. The findings of this study states that with conducive working environment, availability of resources, the high levels of education and training, the country could produce skills that would reduce propensity to leave, drive competitive advantage and sustainability, innovation and entrepreneurship, create competitive advantages and boost employment sustainability.

This inquiry explored the everyday struggles of several women who worked as coordinators and instructors in three government-funded job-entry programs for women in the non-profit sector. The programs studied included an entry program for native women, a program which trained immigrant women in bookkeeping skills, and a program which trained women on social assistance to enter the construction trades. The work of the staff in these programs was considered in light of a theoretical framework developed by Nancy Fraser. Fraser has called for a different approach -- a more critical discourse-oriented inquiry -- to the study of social-welfare policies and programs. This approach focuses on the political struggle over the interpretation of needs, particularly women's needs, which she sees as central to social-welfare policy-making. In her study of the American system, she has found that "needs talk" is the medium through which inequalities are symbolically elaborated and challenged. She also has found that needs talk is stratified and differentiated by unequal status, power, and access to resources, and organized along lines of class, gender, race, ethnicity and age. For this study, information was collected through interviews with the staff in the three programs, observations of life skills classes, and examination of program proposals. Government and government-related documents were also examined. The analysis revealed that, in the official policy documents at the national level, women’s needs were interpreted within a dominant policy framework which focused on reducing spending, matching workers to the market and privatizing training programs. Programs for women were developed based upon a "thin” understanding of women's needs -- one which focused on women’s lack of training and job experience and ignored the structural inequalities of the labour market and women’s different racial and class struggles. At the local level, analysis of the interviews, observations and documents indicated that the staff struggled to respond to the trainees' diverse and complex needs which the official policy discourse addressed in only a limited way. In their negotiations with the state, the staff employed a plurality of needs discourses, engaging in a process which both challenged and reproduced the dominant policy orientation toward getting women "jobs, any jobs”. There were moments of resistance by the staff to the dominant policy orientation, most notably in the program for native women. The trainees also challenged the narrow interpretation of women's needs, particularly in the program training women to enter the construction trades. Generally speaking, the analysis indicated that the staff played a crucial role in mediating between women and the state and in producing a kind of discourse which tended to construct the trainees as subjects needing to be "fixed". The analysis also revealed that the relationships between staff, trainees and the state were organized around unequal access to resources based on gender, race and class. In order to transcend the limitations outlined in this study, efforts are required to democratize decision-making, collectively organize the non-profit private sector, challenge privatization and the exploitive practices of the state, and bring alternative approaches which support participatory and dialogical processes of need interpretation. The analysis brings to light the importance of studying the implications of state policies on adult education practice, particularly policies which promote privatization. It also reveals the explanatory power of a feminist theoretical framework which provides a more critical, discourse-oriented approach to examining policy and practice, and the usefulness of this framework for further research and political advocacy. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

This thesis is concerned with changing behaviour patterns of a number of unemployed disadvantaged youth associated with an intervention strategy called Career Start. Career Start uses computer-based technology in its instructional program, which attempts to address simultaneously three significant barriers to youth employment. These barriers are grade level attainment, low self-esteem, and destructive attitudes towards work. The participants in Career Start numbered 169 youths between the ages of 15 and 24. All had been classified as severely employment disadvantaged by the classification methods of Employment and Immigration Canada. The youths were interviewed to ascertain specific background characteristics and the reasons why they were unemployed. They were also tested before and after participation in the program to determine whether or not barriers to employment had been reduced. There was some evidence of improvement in academic scores, primarily in the language and mathematics areas. In addition, there was a reduction in the barriers to employment as measured by the Vocational Opinion Index. The Culture Free Self-Esteem Index also showed that the self-esteem of the participants was raised after participation in the program. The employment objectives of Employment and Immigration Canada were also taken into consideration during the study. During the first year the objectives were exceeded by 36 percent of the subjects and, during the first nine-month period of the second year, the objectives were again exceeded. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square Test for Independence, the Non Parametric Sign Test, cross-tabulations, and frequency tables. The study indicated that Career Start had the potential to be a successful intervention strategy in addressing the problems of unemployed and disadvantaged youth. The research also generated a number of related issues in need of further study. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

The Duke of Uncertainty - Aspects of Professional Skillis a dissertation whose title is a literary metaphor designedto draw attention to encounters with unforeseen problems anddilemmas at work. The first part of the dissertation presents the skill andtechnology tradition that has developed over the last twentyyears through explorative case studies. These have covered theskills of various occupational groups, such as processoperators in the paper-and-pulp and chemicals industries,managers and systems engineers working on real timeapplications in specialized knowledge intensive firms as wellas doctors and nurses. The theoretical perspective is the epistemology of skillfocusing on the phenomenon of tacit knowledge. This has itsroots in Wittgenstein's philosophy of language as developed bythe philosophers Allan Janik and Kjell S. Johannessen. The methodological framework develops indirect analogicalthinking which is a prerequisite for knowledge based onexperience, through exemplification. The empirical part of the work shows knowledge offamiliarity among members of an occupational group with lowformal training but extensive practical experience, namelyassistant nurses. A comparative analysis is undertaken inrelation to previous case studies in the field of skill andtechnology aimed at occupational groups with high formaleducational qualifications. A particular aspect to which attention is drawn is therhythm in work that unites occupational groups regardless ofeducational background. Occupational skill is treated as acapacity developed to find rhythm in action when confrontedwith situations that are hard to handle. The dissertationconsiders aspects that can be tried out in other occupationalarenas and paves the way for identifying phenomena in workinglife that hinder the development of rhythm in work. The dissertation contributes to the setting-up ofundergraduate-level training for groups of people who have notpreviously had access to higher education, and aims tointroduce new aspects into the development of analoguethinking. Key words: practical versus theoretical knowledge, skillof epistemology, tacit knowledge, comparative case study,literary metaphor, analogical thinking, indirect method,occupational training. / <p>NR 20140805</p>