Agência Nacional do Petróleo / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / O contexto da modernização reflexiva leva ao questionamento sobre o papel das instituições tradicionais, notadamente o Poder Executivo. É possível pressupor que o modelo da sociedade de risco se reflete em alterações no direito e na economia do Brasil. Os riscos tornaram-se uma constante e exigem substituições nas formas de atuação social, o que Ulrich Beck denomina de subpolítica. A mudança é sentida especialmente em setores centrais para economia, tais como o de petróleo e gás, enquanto os riscos globais são sentidos na crise ambiental. Uma vez que as instituições, na Sociedade de Risco, são levadas a rever sua atuação, o empresariado recebe a tarefa de encontrar mecanismos para superar a crise ambiental. A responsabilidade socioambiental da empresa passa a ser exigida como contrapartida pelos lucros obtidos, especialmente para atividades potencialmente poluentes, como a petrolífera. O princípio da precaução, o desenvolvimento sustentável e a equação financeira do contrato podem ser vetores para a adoção da responsabilidade socioambiental pela indústria petrolífera. Mas para que esta possa ser vista como uma nova razão pública deve se demonstrar que ela pode motivar a evolução da sociedade como um todo. A Rio+20 definiu a economia verde como uma nova meta, principalmente para as atividades potencialmente poluentes. O objetivo central do trabalho é investigar a regulação das empresas de petróleo e gás, especialmente sobre a possibilidade de adoção da responsabilidade socioambiental. Ressalte-se que esta visa impor medidas de conservação e ações pró meio ambiente, além daquelas já estipuladas por força legal ou pelo licenciamento ambiental. A pesquisa visa apresentar possíveis soluções para os questionamentos acima, garantindo segurança jurídica para empresas de petróleo e gás, mas ao mesmo tempo visando ampliar a sustentabilidade do setor, propondo novas regras que podem ser adotadas nos editais de licitação e nos contratos de concessão e partilha de produção. Em um momento que se debate a possibilidade de direcionamento dos royalties do petróleo exclusivamente para a educação o estudo de medidas jurídicas para implementar a responsabilidade socioambiental no setor petrolífero torna-se ainda mais necessária. / The context of reflexive modernization leads to question the role of traditional institutions, especially the Executive Power. It can be assumed that the model of risk society is reflected in changes in the law and economics of Brazil. The risks have become a constant and require replacements in the forms of social action, something Ulrich Beck calls subpolitics. The change is felt especially in sectors central to the economy, such as oil and gas, while the overall risks are felt in the environmental crisis. The change is felt especially in sectors central to the economy, such as oil and gas, while the overall risks are felt in the environmental crisis. Once institutions in Risk Society are taken to review its operations, the business receives the task of finding mechanisms to overcome the environmental crisis. The environmental responsibility of the companies will be required in return for the profits, especially for potentially polluting activities such as oil. . The precautionary principle, sustainable development and financial equation of the contract can be vectors for the adoption of environmental responsibility by the oil industry. But for it to be seen as a new public reason it must be shown that it can motivate the evolution of society as a whole. Rio+20 defined green economy as a new goal, especially in what concerns the potentially polluting activities. The main objective of this study is to investigate the regulation of oil and gas companies, especially about the possibility of adoption of environmental responsibility. It should be noted that it is intended to impose conservation and pro environment measures and actions, in addition to those already stipulated for legal or environmental licensing As secondary objectives are the analysis and a critique of social and environmental responsibility as public reason, the possibility of joint liability of financial institutions in compensation for environmental damage caused by the projects of oil and gas that they fund, and the study of environmental compensation under Law No. 9.985/2000 for the oil sector. The research aims to present possible solutions to the questions above, ensuring legal certainty for oil and gas companies, but at the same time seeks to increase the sustainability of the sector by proposing new rules that may be adopted in the bidding documents and concession contracts and sharing production. In times when the debate of the possibility of targeting the oil royalties is exclusively for education the study of legal measures to implement social and environmental responsibility in the oil sector becomes even more necessary

A seleção de projetos de investimento é uma das atividades essenciais no dia-a-dia das organizações, e, neste exercício de avaliação, é preciso lidar em geral com uma carga considerável de incerteza. Analisar apenas as características individuais dos projetos é insuficiente diante do impacto que seus aspectos relacionais pode causar nos resultados. Além disso, um fator adicional nesse processo de escolha é a carga informacional já disponível internamente, na forma de conhecimento e percepção de analistas e gestores. Mais ainda, o próprio conceito de valor neste caso depende da perspectiva de quem avalia. Motivado por estas questões, buscou-se neste trabalho elaborar uma proposta de avaliação da carteira de projetos de investimento logicamente estruturada e modular, adaptável a diversas realidades organizacionais possíveis. A montagem do procedimento otimizatório reuniu conceitos de métricas de risco e retorno de projetos, Teoria Moderna de Portfólio, Teoria da Utilidade, simulação de Monte Carlo e decomposição de Cholesky. Por fim, a utilidade da proposta foi testada via sua aplicação em amostra de projetos no segmento de óleo e gás. / The investment projects selection is one of the essential activities in day-to-day operation of companies, and in this evaluation exercise it is generally required to handle a considerable amount of uncertainty. Analysing only the individual characteristics of projects is insufficient considering the possible impact of their relational aspects in results. Furthermore an additional item in this selection process is the informational load already available internally in the form of knowledge and perception of analysts and managers. Moreover even the concept of value in this case depends on the perspective of who evaluates. Motivated by this issues, this study aimed to formulate a proposal for investment projects portfolio evaluation logically structured and modular, adaptable to various possible organizational realities. The conception of optimization procedure brought together concepts of risk and return project metrics, Modern Portfolio Theory, Utility Theory, Monte Carlo simulation and Cholesky decomposition. Finally the proposal utility was tested by its application in a sample of oil and gas projects.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-12-11T13:15:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Alinne S Moreira.pdf: 2603904 bytes, checksum: d32d6697689a376a5eb10cd73052d2b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-01-10T15:41:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Alinne S Moreira.pdf: 2603904 bytes, checksum: d32d6697689a376a5eb10cd73052d2b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-10T15:41:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Alinne S Moreira.pdf: 2603904 bytes, checksum: d32d6697689a376a5eb10cd73052d2b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-11 / Em função da ocorrência de acidentes industriais catastróficos, observados nas últimas décadas, a segurança de processos emergiu como um tema de grande relevância, sobretudo para as organizações classificadas como de alto risco. Tal fato deveu-se aos impactos ambientais, materiais, humanos e aos ativos intangíveis, decorrentes destes eventos. Na indústria do petróleo, a maior representação deste tipo de acidente é o ocorrido durante a perfuração do poço de petróleo Macondo, no Golfo do México, em 2010. Este evento demonstrou que havia, àquela época, fragilidades na indústria de óleo e gás em todo o mundo, além de dúvidas quanto à capacidade de governos e agências reguladoras para prevenir e contingenciar ocorrências dessa magnitude. Por este motivo, tal acidente demandou mudanças imediatas e impactantes na regulamentação vigente e na gestão da segurança de processos das empresas deste ramo. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor práticas para a melhoria da gestão da segurança de processos, na atividade de construção de poços marítimos de uma empresa petrolífera brasileira, de modo a evitar a ocorrência de acidentes de grande magnitude, como o ocorrido no Golfo do México. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, foram analisados casos de sucesso na indústria e foi conduzido um estudo de caso na empresa onde se pretende implementar o modelo de gestão. Este último foi realizado na área de transporte aéreo de pessoas, que também possui operações de alto risco, tal como a atividade de construção de poços de petróleo. Desta forma, além de ter grande contribuição científica, esta pesquisa pode ser inspiradora para as empresas que estejam diante do desafio de gerir a segurança dos seus processos, em cenários de grande complexidade, onde a combinação de diferentes variáveis podem causar acidentes de grandes proporções. / Due to occurrences of major accidents, observed in recent decades, process safety emerged as a very important issue for high risk organizations. This is because such accidents are characterized by the environmental, material, human and intangible assets impacts. In the oil and gas industry, the main representation of major accident is Macondo, a well drilled in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. This event had shown the oil and gas industry’s weakness and had created doubts about the ability of governments and regulatory agencies to prevent and to manage occurrences of this magnitude. At that time, Macondo required immediate and impactful changes in the current regulations and in process safety management of oil and gas companies. In this context, this present study aims to suggest some practices, focusing on process safety, for drilling and completion activities of a Brazilian oil company, in order to prevent the occurrence of major accidents, as occurred in Gulf of Mexico. Industry successful cases were analyzed and it was performed a case study at air transport sector, whose operations are considered as high risk, as the drilling well activity. In this way, besides the great scientific contribution, this research can inspire companies that have the challenge of manage their process safety, in high complexity scenario, where interaction of multiple variables can cause serious accidents.

Changes occurred with the enactment of Law 9478 of 1997, led to some municipalities a financial condition inside, due to the higher inflow of royalties from oil and natural gas. The increase in revenue from royalties from oil and natural gas also ran on the other hand, the extraordinary expansion of the oil sector and the escalation of international prices of raw materials. The sum of these features plus a recipe mean expressive, is an important opportunity to expand investment and to meet the social demands. Royalties are derived from the operation of a nonrenewable resource, which implies that it has a period of exhaustion. For this reason, the literature stresses that his application should be made in capital and human capital. The overall goal of this dissertation is to analyze what were the purposes of royalties on public finances of the federal entities in the period from 1999 to 2011. From the methodology were characterized variables analysis. The analysis model was adopted panel data, which combines cross-sectional data with time series. Based on the tests, it was found that the counties most dependent on royalties increased capital expenditures with increased royalties, both from the perspective as the proportion per capita tax. For personnel costs, it was noted that these were influenced by royalties per capita in all municipalities. Moreover, from the perspective of tax ratio, the tests showed that the more dependent counties, showed a negative relationship. With regard to expenditure on education and culture, it was noted that royalties per capita influenced its formation in considerable part of the municipalities. However, in addressing the proportion fiscal few municipalities were affected, while in the cities most dependent inverse relationship exhibited. As for social spending on health, sanitation, housing and urban development was seen that some of these municipalities increased spending on the inflow of royalties. Finally, in the area of environmental expenditures, only the counties most dependent on royalties increased their spending with increased use. / As transformações ocorridas com a promulgação da lei 9.478, de 1997, propiciaram a alguns municípios brasileiros uma condição financeira privilegiada, em razão do maior ingresso de royalties provenientes da exploração de petróleo e gás natural. A elevação das receitas de royalties de petróleo e gás natural também decorreu, por outro lado, pela extraordinária expansão do setor petrolífero e pela escalada dos preços internacionais da matéria prima. A soma desses recursos além de significar uma receita expressiva, é uma importante possibilidade de ampliação dos investimentos e para o atendimento das demandas sociais. Os royalties são provenientes da exploração de um recurso natural não renovável, o que implica dizer que ele possui um prazo de esgotamento. Por esta razão, a literatura reforça que sua aplicação deve ser feita em bens de capital e capital humano. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é analisar quais foram os efeitos da aplicação dos royalties sobre as finanças públicas dos entes federativos no período de 1999 a 2011. A partir da metodologia foram caracterizadas as variáveis de análise. O modelo de análise adotado foi o de dados em painel, que combina dados de corte transversal com séries temporais. Com base nos testes, foi verificado que os municípios mais dependentes dos royalties elevaram as despesas de capital com o aumento dos royalties, tanto pela ótica per capita como pela proporção fiscal. Para as despesas com pessoal, observou-se que estas foram influenciadas pelos royalties per capita em todos os municípios. Ademais, pela ótica da proporção fiscal, os testes apontaram que os municípios mais dependentes, exibiram relação negativa. No que se refere às despesas com educação e cultura, notou-se que os royalties per capita influenciaram sua formação em parte considerável dos municípios. Porém, na abordagem da proporção fiscal poucos municípios foram influenciados, ao passo em que os municípios mais dependentes exibiram relação inversa. Já para às despesas sociais com saúde, saneamento, habitação e urbanismo foi visto que parte dos municípios aumentaram estas despesas com o ingresso de royalties. Por fim, na área ambiental dos gastos, apenas os municípios mais dependentes de royalties elevaram suas despesas com o aumento do recurso.

Na indústria de petróleo e gás as tubulações são formas eficientes de transportar esses produtos ou seus derivados das regiões de exploração para as refinarias e em alguns casos até o consumidor. O principal tipo de aço utilizado na fabricação dessas tubulações são os aços ARBL que devido à boa relação entre resistência à tração e tenacidade a baixas temperaturas geram uma boa relação custo/benefício na utilização e na montagem de tubulações. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre a soldabilidade do tubo API 5L X80 construído com aço ARBL. Os corpos-de-prova utilizados foram anéis de 508 mm de diâmetro externo com espessura de parede de 19,0 mm. A soldagem foi executada com o processo eletrodo revestida no experimento 1, em um par de anéis, e o outro par de anéis foi soldado, na raiz, com o processo de soldagem MAG-TC e nos passes de enchimento e acabamento foi utilizado o processo arame tubular auto-protegido. Os resultados dos ensaios de resistência à tração, dobramento lateral e de Nick-Break demonstram que ambos os procedimentos de soldagem são qualificados pela norma API 1104. Associando o resultado do ensaio de Charpy V a 0°C e associando-o a quantificação das frações volumétricas de microconstituintes MA e a caracterização microestrutural é possível observar que os valores de energia absorvida na ZAC tem maior relação com o mecanismo de refino de grão, que melhora os valores obtidos, do que com a quantidade de fração volumétrica do microconstituinte MA. / In the oil and gas industries, pipelines are efficient ways of transporting these products, or its derivatives, from exploration regions to refineries and, in some cases, up to the final consumer. The main type of steel used in manufacturing these pipelines are HSLA steels that, due to the good relationship between tensile strength and toughness at low temperatures, create a cost/benefit ratio in the use and installation of these pipelines. This paper presents a study on the weldability of API 5L X80 HSLA pipe steel. The samples used were pipe rings with 508 mm outside diameter and a wall thickness of 19.0 mm. The root welding process was performed using SMAW in Experiment 1 with filing and finishing passes with SMAW. In the second experiment, the root pass were welded with GMAW-CT, and filling and finishing passes with FCAW-SS. Tensile test results, lateral bending tests and \'Nick-Break\' tests showed that both welding procedures were qualified according to API 1104 Standard. Associating these results with Charpy V test at 0°C and with quantification of volume fractions of MA microconstituent is possible to observe that the values of absorbed energy in the HAZ are more closely related to the mechanism of grain refinement, which improves the values obtained with the volume fraction of the amount of microconstituent MA.

Submitted by Willian Almeida (wawalmeida@gmail.com) on 2013-08-16T22:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1.pdf: 1666543 bytes, checksum: 50d6dab4e478fd01f296b9c9787d54c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2013-08-22T13:48:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1.pdf: 1666543 bytes, checksum: 50d6dab4e478fd01f296b9c9787d54c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T13:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1.pdf: 1666543 bytes, checksum: 50d6dab4e478fd01f296b9c9787d54c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / This work aims to identify the relationship between R&D expenditure and prices per share of integrated oil and gas companies on the NY SE. Return of investiment on R&D spending can be seen when research results are applied to production processes, increasing operational efficiency, reduc ing costs and creating new products. This usage may be a channel to share pric e variations. Whereas spendings in R&D have a long term effect, the analisys includ ed contemporary, lagged and annual aggregate R&D expenditure data. Results poin t to a positive relation between R&D expenditure and share prices. Share price varia tions were better explained by lagged data, and the positive relation becomes stat istically significant when five-years aggregates are employed. This outcome confirms the long term effect of this type of expenditure. / Este trabalho tem objetivo de identificar a relação dos gastos em P&D com os preços das ações das empresas petrolíferas integradas negociadas na NYSE. O retorno do investimento em pesquisa e desenvolvimento ocorre quando o resultado da pesquisa é aplicado aos processos produtivos, gerando assim eficiência operacional, diminuição de custos e novos produtos. Este fato pode ser considerado um canal que influencia o valor da ação. Considerando que o P&D é um investimento de longo prazo, o P&D contemporâneo, suas defasagens e o acumulado anual foram analisados. Os resultados apontaram uma relação positiva entre os gastos em P&D e o valor das ações. Em relação às defasagens, foi identificado que o valor das ações é melhor explicado quando as defasagens do P&D são utilizadas. Além disso, a relação positiva tornou-se estatisticamente significante quando os gastos de cinco anos acumulados foram utilizados. Isto confirma o caráter de longo prazo deste tipo de gasto.

The objective of this thesis was to determine if there were any correlations in the distribution of cetaceans, especially sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), pantropical dolphins (Stenella attenuata), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico because of the influence of oil and gas production and exploration. This research is important because of the lack of knowledge about the impact of anthropogenic sounds from oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) on cetacean distribution in the Gulf of Mexico. I analyzed cetacean visual line-transect survey results from the Gulf of Mexico for period of 1992 – 2001. I divided this time span into an early period (1992 – 1997) and a late period (1998 – 2001). I overlayed the locations of cetacean sightings and the locations of oil and gas E&P platforms to demonstrate their close association in space, and tested a hypothesis that distribution would shift south correlated with changes in distribution of E&P. I compared the distributions of cetacean sightings in the entire Gulf of Mexico, and separated the Gulf of Mexico into east and west, between the early period and the late period. The east Gulf of Mexico represents an area without oil and gas E&P platforms and the west Gulf of Mexico is the area where oil and gas E&P platforms are located. The null hypothesis for these tests was that there was no difference in cetacean distribution between the early period and the late period. I also compared the distribution of sperm whales, pantropical dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and Risso’s dolphins in the entire Gulf of Mexico, both east and west, between the early and late periods. I expect if distribution changes were correlated with changes in E&P distribution, then there will be a shift south in the western Gulf. Changes in distribution in the eastern Gulf would not be correlated with E&P. I found that the sightings per unit effort (SPUE) of all cetacean sightings in the entire Gulf of Mexico shifted to the south in the late period, as compared to the early period .The distribution of all cetacean sightings for the late period (1998-2001) was significantly different compared to the distributions of all cetacean sightings in the early period (1992-1997). The SPUE of sperm whale and bottlenose dolphin distributions were shifted to the north in the late period (1998-2001) compared to the early period (1992-1997). While pantropical dolphin distributions were significantly shifted to the south between the two time periods. I observed that the SPUE of all cetaceans sightings in the east Gulf of Mexico for the early period (1992-1997) were shifted to the south compared to the west, which were not different. The SPUE for sperm whales in the east for the early period were marginally shifted to the north in comparison to the west, which were also shifted further north. The SPUE for Risso’s dolphins in the east were shifted further north while in the west SPUE were shifted to the south. The SPUE for pantropical dolphin sightings were shifted to the north in both the east and west regions. While the SPUE for bottlenose dolphin sightings were shifted to the north in both the east and west Gulf of Mexico. My SPUE results suggest that pantropical dolphins, like the total cetaceans examined here, have shifted their distributions in the entire northern Gulf of Mexico to the south. However, in areas of high oil and gas E&P platforms the distributions of sperm whales and bottlenose dolphins did not shift their distributions from the early period to the late period to the south even though these E&P activities have shifted to the south over the past two decades as they expanded into the deeper waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, there is little evidence that large scale changes in the latitudinal distribution of marine mammals in the Northern Gulf have occurred as a result of greater offshore E&P activity.

La composition des parcs électriques nationaux est basée sur le classement des différents moyens de production par rapport à leur coût marginal de génération d’électricité. Ainsi, les réserves considérables d’hydrocarbure dans les pays producteurs de pétrole ont favorisé l’usage abusif du pétrole ou du gaz naturel dans le parc de production d’électricité. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’analyser des parcs de production pour ces pays producteurs en construisant le parc optimal d’électricité concernant l’usage rationnel (du point de vue économique) des différents moyens de génération d’électricité. Dans ce travail, nous évaluons la situation actuelle et future de la production d’électricité en Arabie Saoudite, en Egypte et en Iran grâce à plusieurs approches de modélisation : linéaire, dynamique et statistique. Ensuite, nous allons mener une analyse de sensibilité afin d’évaluer l’optimalité et l’efficacité de la production d’électricité en tenant compte de l’intégration des autres ressources alternatives non-carbonées. / National power generation mix composition is based on the ranking (merit-order) of the various means of production from their marginal cost of electricity generation. Thus, significant reserves of hydrocarbons in oil-producing countries favoured the abusive use of oil or natural gas in the electricity mix. The purpose of this research is to analyze the power generation mix of these countries by constructing an optimal electricity mix based on the rational use (from an economic point of view) of various electricity production means. In this work, we assess the current and future situation of electricity production in Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Iran, thanks to linear, dynamic and statistical modeling efforts. Thereafter, we will conduct sensitivity analysis to measure the optimality and efficiency of electricity generation by taking into account the integration of alternative non-fossil-fuel based resources.

Purpose The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the investment attractiveness of oil and gas stocks (registered on Nasdaq Stockholm) in face of the increasing campaigns for the adoption of clean energy. The findings can help in the formulation of relevant policy implications on the campaign for a cleaner environment Design/Methodology/Approach The authors assume positivism and objectivity as the philosophical aspects for the purpose of this study. Following these initial considerations, the nature of the study was adopted as quantitative. This follows a longitudinal design and a deductive approach, basing the paper on previous literature in the areas of environmental sustainability, market efficiency, financial news items and their effect on stock volatility in order to test own hypothesis.    Theory Following the methodological assumptions and the adoption of a deductive approach, relevant theory was selected to address the focus of previous research on which the research gaps and purpose are based. It also plays a role in introducing the reader to the relevant theories which will aid comprehension of further sections of this paper. Theories surrounding market efficiency, risk and return, the oil and gas industry and sustainability have all been mentioned.  Findings In order to fulfil the purpose of the study, the authors studied whether the volatility of oil and gas stocks are affected by clean energy related news. The empirical results suggest that the volatility of oil and gas stocks decline whenever news of clean energy is introduced, implying clean energy news cause lower volatility. To this end, oil and gas stocks are better off whenever clean energy/sustainability news are introduced into the market.  Analysis The empirical results seem to point to the fact that oil and gas firms may be benefiting from the investment they have made within the last two decades towards the issue of doing business in a more sustainable and socially responsible manner. It is therefore possible that investors get to reward them whenever news relating to sustainability and clean energy are announced. Conclusions  This thesis confirms the attractiveness of oil and gas stocks notwithstanding the increasing campaigns and initiatives aimed at promoting the adoption of clean energy.  Research limitations The research was limited in terms of setting since it only covered Sweden and therefore cannot answer questions regarding the overall attractiveness of oil and gas stocks across the globe.

With the rising demand for fossil fuels, Northern Canada has seen an unprecedented increase in petrochemical development. These developments are often associated with emissions of PAHs, a group of hydrophobic organic contaminants that are known to be carcinogenic and otherwise harmful to humans. Due to their hydrophobic nature, PAHs tend to bind to organic matter and can be produced through both anthropogenic and natural processes, making them ubiquitous in the environment. Therefore, in addition to impacts from petrochemical developments, changes to climatic conditions, such as increased forest fire disturbance and primary production also have the potential to alter delivery of organic carbon (OC) and PAHs to ecosystems. However, very little is known as to how the combined stressors of climate change and petrochemical development may affect environmental deposition of these contaminants. The concentrations and composition of parent and alkyl PAHs were analysed in radiometrically-dated sediment cores from lakes with one of four different types of petrochemical development in their catchments: (1) in-situ oil sands extraction (Cold Lake, AB); (2) open-pit oil sands extraction (Fort McMurray, AB); (3) abandoned conventional natural gas exploration (Mackenzie Delta Uplands, NWT); and (4) conventional gas and oil extraction (Cameron Hills, NWT). PAH deposition to lake sediments was also compared to climate reconstructions using climate proxies (diatom assemblages, inferred chlorophyll a and its diagenetic products, and Rock Eval carbon fractions as well as %OC). PAH sources were differentiated between potential pyrogenic and petrogenic origin over a period that extends to pre-industrial times using ratios of specific PAHs that can be traced to their potential source. Sediment cores from Cold Lake, AB showed concentrations of the sum of alkyl PAHs greater than those of parent PAHs, while all other cores show the reverse trend. A comparison of the % change of PAH concentrations from pre-development to post-development sediments between the four regions, showed that the greatest increase in concentrations of PAHs occurred in the Athabasca oil sands region. PAH profiles in the conventional regions have been historically dominated by mixed sources (pyrogenic PAHs from general background atmospheric inputs and petrogenic PAHs from the surrounding hydrocarbon-rich soils). While cores from the Fort McMurray area show a clear shift from pyrogenic sources (primarily wood and coal burning) in earlier sediments to petrogenic sources in more modern sediments, and the Cold Lake cores show some shifting sources to those dominated by pyrogenic sources in modern sediments. Organic carbon was significantly correlated with the sum of parent PAHs in 2 out of the 6 NWT cores that were examined for climate change impacts, while all other PAH parameters (concentration and composition) do not correlate significantly with any of the climate proxies. Establishing background concentrations and sources of PAHs in aquatic ecosystems is essential for understanding the natural environmental variations in these contaminants. Moreover, as both petrochemical activity and impacts from climate change are predicted to intensify in the future, studies such as this one allow us to build a solid understanding of how PAH deposition to northern lakes has responded to the warming climate and whether PAHs have been altered as a result of petrochemical activity.