Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:14:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augustinho Borsoi.pdf: 1096663 bytes, checksum: 924a7bc21d838e8f033dbbd628a41ad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to assess the economic feasibility of biodiesel production in an associative form by family farmers from the municipality of Corbélia-PR. Biodiesel has proven to be a socio-economic and environmental alternative for the partial or total substitution of diesel oil due to its similar physicochemical characteristics. In Brazil, the biodiesel has great social appeal by the utilization of raw material that comes from family agriculture. However, the participation of family farmers acting directly in the transformation of vegetal oil into biodiesel still requires studies concerning to its economic feasibility. The present work was developed by means of a simulation, in order to verify the economic feasibility of the installation of a biodiesel plant able to produce 1000 L day-1 by family farmers. The raw material used for the extraction of oil were soy, sunflower, and canola, in the summer and winter crops, once that pies made of these oilseeds can be used to feed cattle. Cash flow, with expenses (output) and revenue (input) before and after the installation of the plant were elaborated. From the cash flow, it was possible to perform the economical analysis, by using the following as indicators: Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR) and Payback period. The IRR for the project was 43%, the NPV was R$ 92,049.96 and the payback was 2.57 years. Based on these indicators, one can conclude that the production of biodiesel in association by the family farmers showed economic feasibility. It is also relevant to highlight the importance of interaction among the property s activities, by using pies to feed the cattle. / O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade econômica da produção de biodiesel de forma associativa por agricultores familiares do município de Corbélia-PR. O biodiesel apresenta-se como uma alternativa socioeconômica e ambiental para a substituição parcial ou total do óleo diesel, devido a suas características físico-químicas semelhantes. No Brasil, o biodiesel tem grande apelo social, uma vez que a matéria-prima utilizada para sua produção é oriunda da agricultura familiar. No entanto, a participação de agricultores familiares atuando diretamente na transformação de óleo vegetal em biodiesel ainda requer estudos quanto à sua viabilidade econômica. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de uma simulação, para verificar se a instalação de uma usina de biodiesel com capacidade para 1000 L dia-1 por agricultores familiares seria viável. Como matérias-primas para a extração de óleo foram utilizadas: soja, girassol e canola, nas safras de verão e inverno, já que a torta dessas oleaginosas pode ser utilizada na alimentação de bovinos de leite. Foram elaborados fluxos de caixa com os custos (saídas) e receitas (entradas) antes e depois da instalação da usina. A partir do fluxo de caixa, foi realizada a análise econômica, na qual foram usados como indicadores o valor presente líquido (VPL), a taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e o período de retorno de capital (payback). A TIR do projeto foi de 43%, o VPL, de R$ 92.049,96 e o payback, de 2,57 anos. Concluiu-se, a partir desses indicadores, que a produção de biodiesel em associação pelos agricultores familiares apresentou viabilidade econômica. Destacou-se, também, a importância da interação entre as atividades da propriedade, por meio do uso da torta para alimentação do gado de leite.

The nutritional suitability of some Bangladeshi oilseed by-products (mustard, Brassica juncea; linseed, Linum usitatissimum; sesame, Sesamum indicum) as fish meal substitutes in carp diets was investigated. These protein sources were shown to cause depressed growth and feed efficiency when substituting 25% or more of the fish meal protein in semi-purified diets. However, the use of these oilseed meals in combination was found to be more effective than that of single sources. Supplementation of plant protein diets with crystalline EAA improved their nutritive value. Growth performance was better in fish fed diets supplemented with all deficient EAA than in fish fed diets supplemented with the first limiting EAA. Nutrient digestibility studies with these plant proteins suggested reasonable agreement between apparent protein digestibility (APD) and average apparent amino acid digestibility (AAAD). APD and AAAD values ranged from 78.9% to 85% and 82.4% to 85.8% respectively. Both aqueous and enzyme treatments were effective in reducing (49% and 57% respectively) the anti-nutritional factors (e. g. allyl isothiocyanate) in mustard oilcake. In linseed and sesame meals heat treatment was the most effective (reducing phytic acid levels by 72% and 74% respectively). Use of detoxified meals in diets improved growth performance and food utilization compared to untreated meals. Dietary phytic acid in the presence of increased levels of calcium and magnesium significantly (p < 0.05) depressed growth, food utilization and mineral bioavailability (especially Ca and Zn) in carp. Carp were shown to be tolerant of a dietary glucosinolate (allyl isothiocyante) level of 0.4 mg glucosinolate/g diet without inhibiting growth performance or adverse effects on fish health. However, fish fed diets containing higher levels of mustard oilcake or allyl isothiocyanate showed abnormal changes in thyroid tissues. The results of this study are discussed in relation to previously published research on fish and other monogastric animals.

Phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP. EC 3.1.3.4) was charaterized from developing seeds and microspore-derived (MD) cultures of oilseed rape. In studies with homogenate from developing seeds (Brassica napus L. cv Westar) the time course for release of inorganic phosphate from phosphatidate was linear for at least 60 min and the enzyme was stable to at least three cycles of freezing and thawing. Differential centrifugation studies were conducted with homogenate prepared from developing seeds (B. napus L. cv Westar), MD embryos (B. napus L. cv Reston), and an embryogenic MD cell suspension culture (B. napus L. cv Jet Neuf). Among the three tissue types, the level of microsomal PAP ranged from 11% to 17% of the total recovered PAP activity whereas soluble PAP ranged from 25% to 61% of the total activity recovered. Microsomal PAP displayed optimal activity in the pH range of 6 to 7 whereas soluble PAP had a pH optimum of 5. Microsomal and soluble PAP exhibited temperature reaction optima of 40 degrees celsius and 50 degrees celsius, respectively, with activation energies of 15.6 kcal/mol and 9.4 kcal/mol. Assays with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate at pH 6.75 and pH 5 indicated that the overal character of phosphatase activity in the microsomal fraction was different from the enzyme in the soluble microsomal PAP from MD embryos of B. napus L. cv Topas. Tween 20 solubilized PAP effectively with concomitant maintenance of enzyme in the soluble fraction. A number of detergents were screened for their ability to solubilize microsomal PAP from MD embryos of B. napus L. cv Topas. Tween 20 solubilized PAP effectively with concomitant maintenance of enzyme activity. The most effective solubilization of enzyme occurred at a concentration of 0.4% (w/v) Tween 20 at a detergent to protein ratio of 1:1 (w/w). The pH optimum (pH 6-7) of solubilized PAP was similar to that of the particulate enzyme and the assay of the solubilized enzyme was free from interference by phospholipase action. Solubilized microsomal PAP had an apparent Mr of about 300,000 based on gel filtration chromatography on a column of Superose 6. Polyclonal antibodies raised in mice against a crude extract from microsomes of MD embryos inhibited microsomal PAP activity. / xii, 128 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

Particulate and solubilized preparations of phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) and dia-cylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) from microspore-derived (MD) cultures of Brassica napus L. cv Topas were characterized. The activity of solubilized PA phosphatase decreased by about 50% following storage for 24 h at 4 degrees celsius, whereas the activity of DGAT decreased by 30%. Bovine serum albumin increased the stability of both enzymes. Both preparations were enriched in the target enzyme and thus, may be useful in studies of regulation with limited influence by the other Kennedy pathway enzymes. Solubilized PA phosphatase was shown to dephosphoryolate a number of phosphate-containing compounds and showed a preference for dioleoyl-PA and dipalmitoyl-PA over other forms of PA tested. Microsomal PA phosphatase from MD embryos was partially dependent on Mg2+ and partially inhibited by the thioreactive agent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The partial sensitivity to NEM suggest that MD embryos of B. napus may contain forms of PA phosphatase involved in glycerolipid synthesis and signal transduction. NEM-sensitive and NEM-insensitive PA phosphatase activity was found in microsomes of a cell suspension culture of B. napus L. cv Jet Neuf. PA phosphatase, solubilized from MD embryos, was partially purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by anion exchange chromatography. PA phosphatase was resolved into two distinct peaks following anion-exchange chromatography. The peaks contained both NEM-sensitive and NEM-insensitive PA phosphatase activity. Following gel filtration, solubilized PA phosphatase displayed a minimum apparent Mr of about 40 000. Antibodies raised against partially purified preparations of PA phosphatase and DGAT from MD embryos of B. napus L. cv Topas were used in the development of immunochemical probes for these enzymes. Inhibitory anti-PA phosphatase antibodies were developed. Attempts were also made to identify a sub-class of antibodies which could interact with both denatured and native DGAT. / xviii, 137 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

No description available.

Orientador: Cibele Chalita Martins / Banca: Leila Martins / Banca: Priscila Fratin Medina / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a influência da posição do racemo na planta, do fruto no racemo e do armazenamento na qualidade de sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis L.). Trabalhou-se com a cultivar AL Guarany 2002, as quais tiveram seus três primeiros racemos colhidos e subdividos em três terços, os quais constituíram os tratamentos. Depois da extração dos frutos, as sementes foram armazenadas em temperatura ambiente para avaliações trimestrais de qualidade e composição química até os seis meses. A influência desses fatores foi avaliada determinando-se o grau de umidade das sementes no momento da colheita, características físicas dos racemos e frutos, determinação do tamanho e massa das sementes, testes de germinação e de vigor (primeira contagem do teste padrão de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, crescimento e matéria seca de plântulas) e composição química das sementes (teor de óleo, proteínas e cinzas). Conclui-se que a qualidade das sementes da cultivar AL Guarany 2002 é afetada pela posição do racemo na planta e pelo armazenamento, mas não pela posição do fruto no racemo. Para a produção de sementes com maior germinação e vigor devem ser colhidos os frutos dos racemos primários e secundários. O armazenamento por período igual ou superior a três meses reduz a velocidade e a porcentagem de germinação e supera a dormência das sementes. / Abstract: The present research had as objective to evaluate the influence of raceme and fruit position in the plant, and storage on quality of castor bean seeds (Ricinus communis L.). The cultivar AL Guarany 2002 was used, having its three first racemes harvested and subdivided in three sections, which consisted of the treatments. After fruit extraction, the seeds were stored in air ambient temperature for quarterly evaluations of quality and chemical composition until six months of conservation. The influence of these factors was evaluated by seed moisture content in the harvest, physical characteristics of racemes and fruits, seed size and weight, germination and vigor tests (first count, germination test, accelerated aging, growing and seedling dry matter), and seed chemical composition (oil, protein and ash content). It was concluded that seed quality cultivar AL Guarany 2002 is affected by raceme position in the plant and storage, but not by fruit position in the raceme. For seed yield with best germination and vigor, fruits from the primary and secondary racemes must be harvested. The storage for three months or for a longer period reduced speed and percentage of germination and overcame seed dormancy. / Mestre

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma bebida láctea fermentada preparada com 60% de leite, 32% de soro lácteo e 8% de açúcar, utilizando micro-organismos probióticos. Foram desenvolvidas 3 formulações, com 1% (A), 3% (B) e 5% de semente de chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas na formulação padrão e nas formulações A, B e C durante 0, 7 e 14 dias; análise sensorial nas formulações A, B, e C nos tempos 0, 7 e 14 dias e avaliação microbiológica. O teor de umidade nas 3 formulações apresentou diferença significativa aos 0 e 7 dias de estocagem (p < 0,05). Os teores de cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos e a viscosidade da bebida aumentaram significativamente à medida que se aumentou a proporção de chia na bebida. Foi observada uma redução gradativa do pH e aumento da acidez titulável em função do tempo de estocagem da bebida. A bebida láctea obteve boa aceitação sensorial, mas foi observada uma diminuição nas notas da escala hedônica e intenção de consumo durante o período de estocagem. A contagem de bactérias probióticas teve redução de aproximadamente 1 ciclo logarítmico por semana. A formulação preferida no teste de ordenação de preferência foi a formulação A. / The aim of this study was to develop a fermented dairy beverage made with 60% milk, 32% whey and 8% sugar, using probiotic microorganisms. Three formulations, with 1% (A), 3% (B) and 5% chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) have been developed. Physico-chemical analyzes on standard formulation and the formulations A, B and C for 0, 7 and 14 days were made; sensory analysis in formulations A, B, and C for times 0, 7 and 14 days and microbiological evaluation The moisture content of the three formulations showed a significant difference at 0 and 7 days of storage (p <0.05). Contents of ash, protein, lipids and viscosity increased significantly as it increased the proportion of chia. A gradual reduction of pH and increase in acidity due to the storage time of the beverage was observed. The product has obtained good acceptability, but a decrease was observed in the global acceptability and intention of consumption during the storage period. The probiotic bacteria count was reduced by about 1 log cycle per week. The preferred formulation of the ranking preference test was the formulation A.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lara_acc_dr_botfca.pdf: 395950 bytes, checksum: c7f2ffe773b707976b9d99a1f458a7db (MD5) / O crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) é uma planta da família Brassicaceae cuja principal matéria prima é o óleo extraído de suas sementes, com ampla utilização em diferentes segmentos de indústrias. No Brasil seu cultivo é recente, sendo que o interesse pela oleaginosa ocorreu por se tratar de uma planta de ciclo curto, e que pode ser cultivada na entressafra de culturas importantes como a soja e o milho. O único genótipo registrado no Brasil é a cultivar ‘FMS Brilhante’, obtida após pesquisas na Fundação MS. Embora a cultivar apresente bons resultados, ganhos podem ser obtidos com a seleção de plantas superiores. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a existência de variabilidade genética na cultivar ‘FMS Brilhante’ e avaliar a eficiência do método da seleção individual com teste de progênies em crambe, com base no progresso genético com a seleção para produtividade de grãos. Foram selecionadas 82 plantas por meio da colheita individual e posteriormente foram avaliadas as progênies, juntamente com a testemunha comercial (cv.‘FMS Brilhante’). A seleção e os experimentos de avaliação das progênies foram realizados nas Fazendas Experimentais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Unesp, Botucatu, situadas nos municípios de Botucatu (SP) e São Manuel (SP), nos anos agrícolas de 2009, 2010 e 2011, em condições de safrinha. As progênies foram avaliadas quanto à massa de mil grãos (g), número de ramos, produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1) e teor de óleo no grão (%). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância individual e conjunta, e obteve-se as estimativas das variâncias fenotípicas, genéticas, ambientais, da interação progênies x ambientes, bem como os coeficientes de herdabilidade, coeficiente de... / Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) is a plant of the Brassicaceae family whose main raw material is the oil extracted from its seeds, with wide use in different segments of industries. Its cropping in Brazil is recent, the interest in this oilseed is due to its short cycle and possibility of offseason growth of crops such as soybeans and corn. ‘FMS Brilhante’ cultivar is the only genotype recorded in Brazil, obtained from research in the MS Foundation. Although the cultivar shows great results, gains can be obtained by selection of higher plants. This study aimed to verify the existence of genetic variability in ‘FMS Brilhante’ cultivar and to evaluate the efficiency of the method of individual selection with progeny test in crambe, based on genetic progress by selection for grain yield. Were selected 82 plants by individual harvesting and subsequent progenies evaluation, against control (‘FMS Brilhante’). The selection and experiments were carried out on off-season, from 2009 to 2011, in the Experimental Farms of the São Paulo State University in Botucatu and São Manuel. The progenies were evaluated for thousand grain weight (g), number of branches, seed yield (kg ha-1) and oil content in grain (%). Data were subjected to individual and joint variance analysis, then, phenotypic, genetic, environmental and progeny x environment interaction variances was estimated. After that, the heritability and genetic variation coefficients and ratio between genetic and environmental coefficients variation. The genetic progress, estimated and performed, for grain yield were calculated with basis on the average of progeny, with 10% selection intensity. The progenies showed significant differences for most of traits in nearly all evaluations. The progenies x local x years interaction was significant for all traits, showing that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Rogério Lopes Vieites / Banca: Juliana Audi Giannoni / Banca: Flavia Queiroga Aranha / Resumo: As principais causas de mortalidade estão relacionadas com doenças degenerativas crônicas não transmissíveis. O baru Dipteryx alata Vogel, é um fruto do cerrado brasileiro e destaca-se por sua composição antioxidante e nutricional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição físico-química e a presença de compostos bioativos em sementes brutas e torradas de baru e, avaliar seus efeitos sobre o perfil metabólico, antropométrico e comportamental de ratos Wistar. As sementes de baru cruas e torradas a 90ºC por 30 min foram utilizadas para avaliar vitamina C, carotenóides, clorofila, capacidade antioxidante, concentração fenólica total, antocianinas e flavonóides. Os resultados da avaliação dos parâmetros acima não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as amêndoas brutas e torradas. Esse achado é importante porque as sementes de baru podem ser usadas em uma infinidade de produtos industriais sem perder propriedades de saúde fornecidas por antioxidantes como vitamina C, antocianinas, carotenóides, flavonóides e clorofila. No perfil metabólico de ratos Wistar os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n = 10): G1 (grupo controle) e G2 (tratados com baru 20%); G3 (tratado com baru 30%) e G4 (tratado com baru 40%). Após 40 dias, os animais foram eutanaziados e os perfis metabólicos foram analisados (glicemia, colesterol, triglicerídeos, HDL-c, VLDL, LDL-c, proteína C reativa (PCR as), AST, ALT, índice de Lee, peso e gordura visceral). O uso de amêndoa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main causes of mortality are related to chronic non-transmissible degenerative disease. The baru Dipteryx alata Vogel, is a Brazilian cerrado fruit and stands out for its antioxidant and nutritional composition. This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical composition and the presence of bioactive compounds in crude and roasted baru seeds, to evaluate the metabolic, anthropometric and behavioral profile of Wistar rats. The seeds of baru raw and roasted at 90ºC for 30 min were used to evaluate vitamin C, carotenoids, chlorophyll, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic concentration, anthocyanins and flavonoids. The results of the evaluation of the above parameters did not show significant differences between the raw and roasted almonds. This finding is important because baru seeds can be used in a multitude of industrial products without losing health properties provided by antioxidants such as vitamin C, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids and chlorophyll. In the metabolic profile of Wistar rats the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): G1 (control group) and G2 (treated with baru 20%); G3 (treated with baru 30%) and G4 (baru treated 40%). After 40 days, the animals were euthanized and the metabolic profiles were analyzed (glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, VLDL, LDL-c, CRP, AST, ALT, insulin, Lee index, weight and visceral fat). The use of baru almonds was effective in reducing triglycerides, VLDL-c, LDL-c and increased HDL-c, but did not interfere in the percentage of weight gain, visceral fat and total cholesterol levels. The results show that the use of baru can improve the lipid profile of Wistar rats and we can suggest that the consumption of these almonds or products prepared with them can be an effective option for the intake of healthy products. In the anthropometric and behavioral evaluation of Wistar rats, the results demonstrated that baru kernel ... / Mestre

Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Banca: Sergio Gonçalves Dutra / Banca: Marcelo de Almeida Silva / Banca: Reginaldo Ferreira Santos / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Resumo: O gênero Brassica é a terceira maior fonte de óleo vegetal do mundo, com oleaginosas cultivadas no Hemisfério Norte. No Brasil, apesar do aumento nos últimos anos, a espécie Brassica napus L., não é um cultivo tradicional, devido as limitações de fotoperíodo e altas temperaturas. Outras espécies do gênero, como é o caso da Brassica juncea L. e Brassica rapa L., amplamente cultivadas em zonas de baixa precipitação e fertilidade, podem ser opções de cultivo em áreas marginais de sequeiro em condições tropicais, visto que possuem alto teor de óleo com características propicias para o biodiesel, além de menor sensibilidade ao ambiente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar germoplasma de Brassica juncea L. e Brassica rapa L., avaliar o potencial produtivo e a divergência genética de acessos em Botucatu - SP, Brasil. Os experimentos tiveram início em outono-inverno de 2012, com a avaliação de 424 acessos de Brassica juncea L. e 209 de Brassica rapa L. quanto ao florescimento e produção de sementes. Em outono-inverno de 2015 e 2016 acessos de brássicas e um híbrido comercial da espécie Brassica napus L. foram avaliados, em experimentos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, em relação aos componentes da produção, à produção grãos e óleo e a divergência genética. Do total de acessos introduzidos e avaliados, apenas 51 (12%) de Brassica juncea L. e 59 (28%) de Brassica rapa L. produziram sementes, devido ao efeito de fotoperiodo. Os componentes da produção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brassica is the third largest source of vegetable oil in the world, with oilseeds grown in the Northern Hemisphere. In Brazil, despite the increase in recent years, Brassica napus L., is not a traditional crop due to limitations of photoperiod and high temperatures. Other species of the genus, such as Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L., widely cultivated in low rainfall zones and fertility, may be cultivation options in marginal rainfed areas under tropical conditions, since they have high oil content with characteristics conducive to biodiesel, in addition to lower sensitivity to environment. The objectives of this work were to characterize the germplasm of Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L. and to evaluate the productive potential, as well as the genetic divergence of accesses in Botucatu - SP, Brazil. The experiments started in autumn-winter of 2012, with the evaluation of 424 accessions of Brassica juncea L. and 209 of Brassica rapa L. regarding flowering and seed production. In the autumn-winter of 2015 and 2016, Brassica napus L. and commercial Brassica napus L. were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replicates, in relation to the production components, grain and oil production, and divergence genetic. Of the total number of accesses introduced and evaluated, only 51 (12%) of Brassica juncea L. and 59 (28%) of Brassica ... / Doutor