A seqüência de pulsos RMN-CWFP (Ressonância Magnética Nuclear - Precessão Livre de Onda Contínua) tem encontrado diversas aplicações na ciência. O presente trabalho analisa a grande sensibilidade dessa seqüência em relação a variações de seus parâmetros espectrais, exclusivamente em uma caracterização teórico-experimental da RMN-CWFP em fluxos do tipo plug-flow, exemplificados por medidas online através do transporte de sementes por uma esteira sob um campo magnético constante no tempo. Foram feitas simulações e medições em várias condições, variando os fatores que influenciam as medidas, como ângulo de nutação (?), ângulo de offset (?), tempo entre pulsos (Tp), gradiente (G), velocidade (v) e tempos de relaxação longitudinal (T1) e transversal (T2). Em determinadas condições fixas de ângulo de nutação, precessão, tempo entre pulsos, gradiente e velocidade, foi observado que poderia existir um ponto nulo com dependência entre T1 e T2. Esse fenômeno foi estudado e algumas aplicações foram sugeridas. O trabalho também validou a seqüência de pulsos CWFP em fluxo como ferramenta para análises quantitativas da massa de óleo em sementes. / The NMR-CWFP pulse sequence (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Continuous Wave Free Precession) has met several applications in the science. The present work analyses the high sensibility of this sequence to its spectral parameters variation, exclusively in a theoretical and experimental characterization of the flow NMR-CWFP of the kind plug-flow, exemplified by online measures by seeds transport through a mat under a magnetic field constant in time. Simulations and measurements were made on several conditions, varying the factors that have measurement influence, like flip angle (??, offset angle (??, time between pulses (Tp), gradient (G), velocity (v) and longitudinal and transversal relaxation times (T1 and T2). Under certain conditions of flip angle, precession, time between pulses, gradient and velocity, it was noticed that there might be a null point with T1 and T2 dependence. This phenomenon was studied and some applications have been suggested. The work has also validated the CWFP pulse sequence as a quantitative tool to quantitative analysis of seeds oil mass.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:25:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Felomena de Oliveira Sandri.pdf: 527012 bytes, checksum: e6611509a5628405238b9e31b3319b77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-18 / In the West of Paraná State, the Regional Nuclei of Agricultural State Secretary SEAB - are located in Cascavel and Toledo. The first one has an area of 1,283,062.58 ha, which includes 28 cities; the second one is 849,732.80 ha wide and counts with 20 cities. These Regional Nuclei are responsible for twenty percent of the Whole Production Value, requiring agribusiness state production, as well as important areas concerning/ corn, soybean at wheat production; and they reach almost 4.8 millions tones/grains per year. In order to spread out this production, railways and roadways are employed, even though it decisionmaking affects traffic conditions and implies in costs. Researches Operations tools can be applied, which aims are evaluation, management and planning to improve transportation system use Among these tools, it can be mentioned the simulation practice, which, by means of computational models, helps on choosing how the experiment will be carried out, such as: (i) sensitivity analyses; (ii) scenario analyses, (iii) optimization; and (iv) Monte Carlo Simulation. Considering these potentialities, this trial was carried out aiming at implementing a computational model to simulate grains and oilseeds transportation from the Regional Nuclei of Cascavel and Toledo, respectively. This simulation concerned about 2003, 2004 and 2005 years; and sensitivity analysis was also conducted considering changes of percentage indexes related to the loads destination to roadways and railways, respectively. The applied model showed a great potential for supporting management of grains and oilseeds transportation system, with diversity of reports and information. For example, in 2004, at Cascavel Regional Nucleus, 2,2 millions tonnes of products were processed, with a consumption of 44.916,74 m-3 of firewood, and 34.489 transportations were also made from Cascavel to Paranaguá Port using the roadway / Os Núcleos Regionais de Cascavel e Toledo da Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura e Abastecimento SEAB do Paraná estão localizados na região Oeste. O primeiro núcleo abrange uma área agrícola de 1.283.062,58 ha e compreende 28 munícipios, enquanto o segundo tem área agrícola de 849.732,80 ha e conta com 20 municípios. Esses dois núcleos regionais participam com 20% do Valor Bruto da Produção, os quais correspondem aos valores produzidos pelo agronegócio no Estado e são importantes polos na produção de milho, soja e trigo, cujo total é de, aproximadamente, 4,8 milhões de toneladas. Para o escoamento dessa produção, são utilizados os modais rodoviários e ferroviário, fato que afeta as condições de trafégo e implica em custos. Para o aprimoramento do uso de um sistema de transporte, podem ser utilizados ferramentais de Pesquisa Operacional, os quais prestam avaliações, gestão e planejamento. Dentre os ferramentais, pode ser destacada a simulação que, por meio de modelos computacionais, propicia o auxílio à tomada de decisão pela condução de experimentos tais como: (i) análise de sensibilidade; (ii) comparação de cenários; (iii) otimização e (iv) simulação de Monte Carlo. Considerando essa potencialidade, este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de implementar um modelo computacional para simular a movimentação de cargas de grãos e oleaginosas a partir dos Núcleos Regionais de Cascavel e Toledo. Essas simulações referem-se aos anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005 e conduzida análise de sensibilidade ao considerar a alteração dos índices de destinação de cargas para os modais rodoviário e ferroviário, respectivamente. O modelo empregado apresenta potencialidade de aplicação em procedimentos para gestão do sistema de transporte de grãos e oleaginosas, cujos destaques são a diversidade de relatórios gerados e as informações disponibilizadas. Logo, pode-se ter o exemplo de uma informação, no ano de 2004, para o Núcleo Regional de Cascavel, em que foram processadas 2,2 milhões de toneladas de produto; consumidos 44.916,74 m-3 de lenha, e feita a movimentação de 34.489 cargas pelo eixo Cascavel Porto de Paranaguá por meio de modal rodoviário

Several factors including an unidentified endogenous substance were found to stimulate microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) from a microspore-derived cell suspension culture of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv Jet Neuf). Mg2+ salts were found to stimulate microsomal DGAT 14 to 23-fold. ATP and CoA were also found to stimulate the enzyme 2.4 and 12 fold respectively, although the effects were decreased in the presence of high Mg2+ concentrations. While microsomal DGAT activity was only slightly increased by the concentration of exogenous diacylglycerol in the reaction mixture it was increased substantially by the addition of exogenous phosphatidate. Other phospholipids tested were not found to have this stimulatory effect. During attempts to investigate possible covalent modification of the enzyme, the soluble fraction obtained from cell suspension homogenate was found to contain a small metastable organic molecule(s) which stimulated DGAT activity. Stimulation of microsomal DGAT by this factor was concentration dependent but not dependent on preincubation time. / xiii, 95 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

Previous research has shown that microsomal DGAT activity from cultures of Brassica napus was stimulated by human acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Genetic constructs were engineered to facilitate the expression of ASP or BSA in developing seeds to test the stimulatory effect of these proteins at the site of TAG formation. As well, genetic constructs were designed to produce a truncation of the BSA polypeptide in an attempt to localize the portion fo the macromolecule responsible for stimulation of DGAT activity. An oleosin promoter was used for seed specific expression and to express the polypeptides at a precisely cooridnated time when oil was accumulating in the developing seeds. Lipid analysis coordinated time when oil was accumlating in the developing seeds. Lipid analysis was performed on the seeds of transgenic plants designed to cytosolically express these mammalian proteins and the seeds of control plants. The first generation data revealed that the total lipid within the mature seeds of ASP and BSA plants was not significantly different from the total lipid of negative control plants using both gravimetric and low resolution-nuclear magnetic resonance methods of analysis. The seeds from ASP 8 and ASP 10 plants, however, did produce significantly more lipid on a per seed basis as compared to negative control plants. The levels of the fatty acid composition for total acyl lipids were measured in these first generation transgenic plants. ASP 3 had significantly lower levels of linoleic acid, ASP 14 had significantly lower levels of a-linolenic acid and BSA 11 had significantly higher levels of both of these fatty acids in comparison to negative control plants. / xix, 245 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

Brassica napus is known to contain an endogenous and soluble stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (^918:0-ACP) desaturase, but does not express a palmitic (16:0)-ACP desaturase. Levels of 16:0 are low in canola oil and are associated with enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis in humans. In an attempt to further reduce the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of canola oil, B. Napus L. cv Westar was transformed with a cDNA encoding a ^916:0-ACP desaturase from cat's claw (Doxantha unguis-cati L.). Arabidopsis thaliana was also transformed with this cDNA. Transformation of both oilseeds resulted in increased production of palmitoleic acid (^16:1) and many other effects of fatty acid composition. Overall, the SFA content did not decrease in either oilseed and investigation to why this effect occurred was examined using transgenic B. napus. Molecular genetic testing on second generation B. napus also determined the plants contained the cDNA of interest and were transcribing the cDNA. / xxi, 155 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

<p>Oilseed is the third most important export item in Ethiopian foreign trade. It has registered a high export growth rate over recent years both in terms of volume and value. Besides its growing share in export, it is widely used for the extraction of edible oil and oilcake that is supplied to the domestic market. Although farmers are the primary producers of oilseeds, they are not able to benefit from the growing market share of the product due to the fact that they find themselves at the end of an extended market chain. As a result they only receive a very small proportion of what the final buyers are paying for the oilseed products. In addition, there is not much experience on the part of the farmers to process oilseeds, change it to edible oil and oilcake and retain the value addition in the local economy. This thesis used the value chain approach to investigate the possibilities for the primary producers to increase their income share from the selling of their products either by directly selling to exporters or by processing oilseeds, producing edible oil and oilcake, and retaining the value addition in the local economy.</p>

<p>Oilseed is the third most important export item in Ethiopian foreign trade. It has registered a high export growth rate over recent years both in terms of volume and value. Besides its growing share in export, it is widely used for the extraction of edible oil and oilcake that is supplied to the domestic market. Although farmers are the primary producers of oilseeds, they are not able to benefit from the growing market share of the product due to the fact that they find themselves at the end of an extended market chain. As a result they only receive a very small proportion of what the final buyers are paying for the oilseed products. In addition, there is not much experience on the part of the farmers to process oilseeds, change it to edible oil and oilcake and retain the value addition in the local economy. This thesis used the value chain approach to investigate the possibilities for the primary producers to increase their income share from the selling of their products either by directly selling to exporters or by processing oilseeds, producing edible oil and oilcake, and retaining the value addition in the local economy.</p>

Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Banca: Sérgio Gonçalves Dutra / Banca: Marcelo de Almeida Silva / Banca: Tiago Zoz / Banca: Leo Zimback / Resumo: O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) membro da família Asteraceae, atualmente é cultivado principalmente como planta oleaginosa. Pode ser utilizado como cultura de inverno em locais de temperaturas amenas e como cultura de primavera em locais de temperaturas mais baixas, apresenta boa adaptação em ambientes de clima mais seco. Atributos que podem torná-lo uma cultura de importante expressão no cerrado brasileiro, local o qual possui um longo período seco com temperaturas elevadas durante o inverno, dificultando o cultivo de outras espécies. Destaca-se como uma cultura estratégica, apresenta boa tolerância a estresse por déficit hídrico em especial no final de ciclo, além de características adequadas para mecanização facilitando o uso dos mesmos equipamentos utilizados nos demais cultivos como soja e milho. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo genético para gerar informações aos programas de melhoramento genético. Foram avaliadas 10 combinações em dialelo completo sem recíprocos, em F1 e F2. Na geração F1 foram avaliadas as características de número de capítulos por planta, número de ramos por planta e produção de grãos por planta. Na geração F2 repetiram-se as avaliações realizadas em F1 acrescentando altura de planta, número de grãos por planta, número de grãos por capítulo e percentagem de óleo nos grãos. Após foi determinado a capacidade geral e específica de combinação e análise de correlação simples. As principais conclusões são: Os melhores cruzamento para pr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a member of the Asteraceae family, it is currently cultivated mainly as an oilseed plant. It can be used as a winter crop in mild temperatures and as a spring crop in lower temperature. It is well adapted in drier climates. Attributes that can make it a crop of important expression in the Brazilian "Cerrado Area", a place that has a long dry period with high temperatures, making difficult the cultivation of other species. In this scenario the safflower is configured as a strategic crop that presents good stress tolerance due to water deficit, especially at the end of the season, besides characteristics suitable for mechanization, using the same equipment already used in other crops as corn and soybeans. The objective of this study is to perform a genetic study to provide information to breeding programs. We evaluated 10 combinations in complete diallel without reciprocal, in F1 and F2. In the F1 generation were evaluated: number of head per plant, number of branches per plant and seed production per plant. In the F2 generation the evaluations performed in F1 were repeated, and added plant height, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per chapter and percentage of oil in the seeds. After general and specific combining ability were determined, also a simple correlation analysis was performed. The main conclusions are: The best crossing to seed production were PI537697/PI653152 e PI572450/PI653152 and to oil content were PI572450/PI572470 e PI572470/PI653152 ... / Doutor

A busca de fontes sustentáveis de combustíveis líquidos, com o intuito de substituir o petróleo por uma fonte renovável e reduzir as emissões de gases do efeito estufa, destacaram e impulsionaram a produção e comercialização de biodiesel. Este biocombustível é uma fonte de energia renovável menos poluente e produzida a partir de diferentes matérias-primas. O Brasil possui promissor potencial como produtor destas matérias-primas, bem como do próprio biodiesel, pois possui políticas públicas favoráveis e detém a tecnologia necessária. No País, a produção e uso de biodiesel se sustenta em recente quadro institucional, a fim de desenvolver o suporte de conhecimentos, marco legal e introduzir este combustível na matriz energética brasileira. A diversificação de matérias-primas para produzir biodiesel está entre os principais objetivos dos programas instituídos. Todavia, no País, este biocombustível é produzido predominantemente com soja. Com o objetivo de entender os motivos da preeminência desta oleaginosa, buscou-se avaliar a competitividade, eficiência econômica e efeitos de políticas na produção de biodiesel pelas cadeias produtivas de soja, canola e girassol no Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método da Matriz de Análise Política (MAP), o qual auxilia na análise e definição de políticas públicas, e na identificação de possíveis falhas de mercado que possam impactar os resultados econômicos das cadeias agroindustriais, do mesmo modo que avalia a competitividade e eficiência econômica destes sistemas de produção e comercialização. Os resultados indicaram a superioridade da produção de biodiesel a partir da cadeia da soja, pois esta apresenta maior competitividade e eficiência econômica. Por outro lado, foram quantificadas as distorções de políticas que desfavorecem a rentabilidade privada e social das três cadeias estudadas, como, por exemplo, o sistema de pagamento ao produtor rural baseado no peso de grãos, mesmo que os percentuais e preços do óleo sejam muito diferentes entre as matérias primas, afora as diferenças significativas nos padrões tecnológicos adotados nas lavouras. / The search for sustainable sources of liquid fuels, in order to replace oil with a renewable source and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, provided prominence to the biodiesel. This biofuel is a renewable source of clean energy and produced from different raw materials. Brazil has a promising potential as a producer of these raw materials as well as the biodiesel itself, because it has favorable public policies and has the necessary technology. In Brazil, the production and use of biodiesel is based on recent institutional framework in order to develop and introduce this fuel in the Brazilian energy matrix. The diversification of raw materials to produce biodiesel is among the main objectives of the programs established by the government. However, in Brazil, this biofuel is predominantly produced using soybeans. In order to understand the reasons for the predominance of this oilseed, we evaluated the competitiveness, economic efficiency and political effects in biodiesel production by productive chains of soybean, canola and sunflower in Rio Grande do Sul. For this, we used the method of the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), which assists in analyzing and defining public policies and identifying possible market failures that might impact on economic outcomes of agribusiness chains, just as assesses the competitiveness and efficiency of these systems. The results indicated the superiority of biodiesel production from soybean chain, as this presents greater competitiveness and economic efficiency. On the other hand, policy distortions were observed which disadvantage the private and social profitability of the three chains studied, such as the farmer’s payment system based on the seed weight, even if the percentage and oil prices differ substantially from the raw materials, besides the significant differences in technological standards adopted in crops.

Submitted by Mateus Olivo null (mateusolivo@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-18T13:56:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese (1).pdf: 2245536 bytes, checksum: 64aa616bea707c6d61006cf0b00b4d6f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-19T17:04:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 olivo_m_dr_bot.pdf: 2245536 bytes, checksum: 64aa616bea707c6d61006cf0b00b4d6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T17:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 olivo_m_dr_bot.pdf: 2245536 bytes, checksum: 64aa616bea707c6d61006cf0b00b4d6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) membro da família Asteraceae, atualmente é cultivado principalmente como planta oleaginosa. Pode ser utilizado como cultura de inverno em locais de temperaturas amenas e como cultura de primavera em locais de temperaturas mais baixas, apresenta boa adaptação em ambientes de clima mais seco. Atributos que podem torná-lo uma cultura de importante expressão no cerrado brasileiro, local o qual possui um longo período seco com temperaturas elevadas durante o inverno, dificultando o cultivo de outras espécies. Destaca-se como uma cultura estratégica, apresenta boa tolerância a estresse por déficit hídrico em especial no final de ciclo, além de características adequadas para mecanização facilitando o uso dos mesmos equipamentos utilizados nos demais cultivos como soja e milho. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo genético para gerar informações aos programas de melhoramento genético. Foram avaliadas 10 combinações em dialelo completo sem recíprocos, em F1 e F2. Na geração F1 foram avaliadas as características de número de capítulos por planta, número de ramos por planta e produção de grãos por planta. Na geração F2 repetiram-se as avaliações realizadas em F1 acrescentando altura de planta, número de grãos por planta, número de grãos por capítulo e percentagem de óleo nos grãos. Após foi determinado a capacidade geral e específica de combinação e análise de correlação simples. As principais conclusões são: Os melhores cruzamento para produção de grãos formam PI537697/PI653152 e PI572450/PI653152 e para teor de óleo formam PI572450/PI572470 e PI572470/PI653152; para todas as características avaliadas em F1 e F2, exceto número de ramos, foi possível observar a contribuição da capacidade geral de combinação na variação genética das populações e para as características altura de planta, produção de grãos por planta, número de grãos por planta, número de grãos por capítulo e percentagem de óleo nos grãos, existe a contribuição da capacidade específica de combinação na variação genética das populações e evidenciando ações gênicas não aditivas e o teor de óleo nos grãos não possui correlação significativa com demais características agronômicas avaliadas. / Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a member of the Asteraceae family, it is currently cultivated mainly as an oilseed plant. It can be used as a winter crop in mild temperatures and as a spring crop in lower temperature. It is well adapted in drier climates. Attributes that can make it a crop of important expression in the Brazilian “Cerrado Area”, a place that has a long dry period with high temperatures, making difficult the cultivation of other species. In this scenario the safflower is configured as a strategic crop that presents good stress tolerance due to water deficit, especially at the end of the season, besides characteristics suitable for mechanization, using the same equipment already used in other crops as corn and soybeans. The objective of this study is to perform a genetic study to provide information to breeding programs. We evaluated 10 combinations in complete diallel without reciprocal, in F1 and F2. In the F1 generation were evaluated: number of head per plant, number of branches per plant and seed production per plant. In the F2 generation the evaluations performed in F1 were repeated, and added plant height, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per chapter and percentage of oil in the seeds. After general and specific combining ability were determined, also a simple correlation analysis was performed. The main conclusions are: The best crossing to seed production were PI537697/PI653152 e PI572450/PI653152 and to oil content were PI572450/PI572470 e PI572470/PI653152. For all the characteristics evaluated in F1 and F2, except for number of branches, it was possible to observe the general combining ability contribution in the genetic variation of the populations and for the characteristics plant height, seed production per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds by head and percentage of oil in the seeds, there is the contribution of the specific combining ability in the genetic variation of the populations and showing non-additive gene actions and the oil content in the seeds does not have significant correlation with other evaluated agronomic.