This thesis deals with history, evolution and the activity of the cultural club of kindred spirits: Jonas club. Deeper attention is laid upon the question of mechanisms by which the so-called islands of freedom were constituted in the 1970s and 1980s. As it seems, Jonas club worked as this kind of free platform, therefore the aim of this thesis is to trace the phenomena which lead to the formation of these islands of freedom. From the methodological perspective the thesis is a qualitative work, which collects the data using the method of oral history. The work is time-framed by the years 1967-1989, therefore from the era of the establishment of the club until the Velvet revolution. The chosen witnesses usually remember most of the so-called normalization period. And the apriori given topics are followed with the aim to comprehend their subjective emic perspective. When it comes to the sources, the work draws upon the magazines which the club publishes from the very beginning of its existence until nowadays. As for the structure of the work, the text is divided into three larger sections, outside of the introduction and conclusion. The first theoretical section presents to the reader the theoretical-historical context. It is followed by the methodological section which not only provides methodology,...

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One of the most defining moments in the histories of British satire and the public sphere took place in the late 1790s in an abandoned house in Piccadilly. Here George Canning and several fellow conservatives began writing and circulating their weekly newspaper the Anti-Jacobin. Although the periodical has been critically neglected, it is a valuable model for exploring how literary (partisan) politicians attempted to form a rational and critical public sphere through their satiric poetry. Founded by George Canning and edited by William Gifford, the Anti-Jacobin seems to reflect a reactionary conservative's ideology and has been summarily dismissed because of this one-sided nature. In this essay, I suggest a more nuanced reading of both Canning's biography and his Anti-Jacobin poetry that will give a fuller and more accurate version of Canning, one that illustrates a moderate reformer who is concerned with centralizing the extremism of the 1790s.

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / We live in a Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR) era where people exchange goods and services through the internet. Such transactions and communications are regulated by the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act (ECTA) 25 of 2002. The ECTA however amongst others, excludes the execution of testamentary wills from its application thus leaving no room for electronic wills. The execution of a valid will in South Africa is governed by the Wills Act 7 of 1953. Against this background, the study investigates whether the presence of enhanced 4IR innovations and methods have the potential to render the Wills Act obsolete and how the exclusion in the ECTA will contribute towards the formation of legal gaps in the law of succession. In confronting these questions, the study seeks to create a synergy between the two abovementioned statutes. The formalities of a valid will are contained in section 2(1) of the Wills Act, it can be deduced from them that a will should be in writing and signed by the testator and two witnesses. Any will not complying with the formalities is dependent upon the discretion of the High Court for validity as per section 2(3) of the Wills Act. The cases of MacDonald v The Master 2002 5 SA 64 (N) and Van der Merwe v The Master 2010 6 SA 546 (SCA) have confronted issues that relate to wills executed in electronic formats. The study interrogates the meaning of ‘writing’ and ‘signature’ and their significance and probes whether they can be fulfilled using electronic means. A comparative approach is adopted to establish the status of electronic wills in the USA and UK. The USA has promulgated legislation to deal with electronic wills and the UK has initiated the process of adopting their own electronic wills legislation in response to the 4IR. With the lessons learned from these jurisdictions the study makes recommendations on how synergy can be created between the Wills Act and the ECTA.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como eixo central uma análise comparativa entre dois romances: A geração da utopia, do angolano Pepetela (1941-), publicado em 2000, e Kikia Matcho: o desalento do combatente, do guineense Filinto de Barros (1942-), lançado em 1999. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma reflexão acerca de algumas linhas de força presentes nesses dois romances e analisa-se as relações de ruptura e de continuidade entre o sistema colonial e o pós-independência em Angola e em Guiné-Bissau, por meio do exame das duas obras. Ao discutirem marcas do passado literário nesses países, as escritas de Filinto de Barros e de Pepetela procuram denunciar o abandono dos ex-combatentes, que foram excluídos de um projeto de nação após as guerras anticoloniais (de 1961 a 1975 em Angola e de 1963 a 1973 em Guiné-Bissau). As obras selecionadas representam o modo de viver das sociedades africanas em face do crescimento da corrupção e encenam os problemas da guerrilha, a desilusão, a miséria, os conflitos sociais internos e as inúmeras decepções que surgiram depois das independências angolana e guineense. Assim, questiona-se a relação que se estabelece entre a práxis literária e as sociedades africanas, tendo como enfoque a representação das elites políticas locais. / [en] This master s thesis has as its central axis a comparative analysis between two novels: A geração da utopia, by the Angolan author Pepetela (1941-), published in 2000, and Kikia Matcho: o desalento do combatente, by the Guinean writer Filinto de Barros (1942-), released in 1999. In this work, we present a reflection on some important themes present in these two novels, and we analyze the relations of rupture and continuity between the colonial and post-independence systems in Angola and Guinea-Bissau through the examination of the two novels. By discussing marks of the literary past in these countries, the writings of Filinto de Barros and Pepetela seek to denounce the abandonment of ex-combatants, who were excluded from a project of nationhood after the anti-colonial wars (from 1961 to 1975 in Angola and from 1963 to 1973 in Guinea-Bissau). The selected works represent the way of life of African societies in the face of growing corruption and stage the problems of the guerrilla war; the disillusionment and misery; the internal social conflicts; and the countless deceptions that arose after the Angolan and Guinean independences. Thus, the relationship between literary praxis and African societies is questioned, focusing on the representation of local political elites.

Необходимость в написании программы для расчета рассеянного поля телом вращения возникла в связи с неоднозначностью решения рассеянного поля таких объектов средствами электродинамического моделирования FEKO и Ansoft HFSS. В частности, в HFSS при повороте объекта (конуса) и соответствующем изменении характеристик падающей волны (направления распространения и поляризации) количество сегментов могло меняться более, чем на порядок. Отметим, что в качестве подхода к решению использовался метод физической оптики. Трудности расчета в FEKO вызваны по большей части ресурсами компьютера, а также сложностью последующей трактовки и математической обработки полученных результатов. Программа, описываемая в работе, позволит подойти к решению рассеянного на теле вращения поля более индивидуально и избежать таких неоднозначностей, что могут встречаться при расчетах в пакетах электродинамического моделирования. По результатам рассмотрения ряда задач сделан выбор в пользу метода физической оптики и его численной реализации на базе алгоритмов MATLAB. / The solution of diffraction from perfectly conducting convex solids of revolution is considered. The main aim is obtainment of an optimal approach for diffraction solution from large-scale solids. The implementation of a numerical solution of diffraction with physical optics method using MATLAB is considered. The realized program allows description of the solid of revolution with the analytic form equation of the curve. The possibility of curve description with a few functions defined on disjoint intervals is taken into consideration. The surface meshing with the required value is assured. The measure method of scattering characteristics is touched upon. The experimental results of the solid with three equations of curve are presented. The results of MATLAB modeling are compared with the experimental ones. The upgradability of mathematical modeling algorithms is proposed.

Диссертация посвящена исследованию трансформации коммуникативной роли кинозрителя в современной культуре на примере альтернативного киноплаката. Автор анализирует процесс трансформации коммуникативной системы в результате цифровой революции, влияние цифровых технологий на художественный процесс создания киноплаката, а также историю и специфику феномена альтернативного киноплаката как особой формы участия кинозрителя в кинокоммуникационных процессах. В работе представлена разработанная концептуальная и содержательная составляющие проекта городского творческого лагеря для подростков «Киноклуб: 24х36» на базе Фотографического музея «Дом Метенкова». Эмпирической базой исследования выступили результаты проведенного социологического опроса, посвященного анализу социально-культурных практик современных кинозрителей и их отношения к киноплакату. / The dissertation is devoted to the study of the transformation of the communicative role of the moviegoer in modern culture on the example of an alternative movie poster. The author analyzes the process of transformation of the communication system as a result of the digital revolution, the impact of digital technologies on the artistic process of creating movie posters, as well as the history and specifics of the phenomenon of alternative movie posters as a special form of participation of the viewer in film communication processes. The paper presents the developed conceptual and content components of the project of the city creative camp for teenagers "Kinoklub: 24x36" on the Basis of the photographic Museum "Dom Metenkov". The empirical basis of the research is the results of a sociological survey devoted to the analysis of socio-cultural practices of modern moviegoers and their attitude to movie posters.

The following paper analyses the similarities and differences as well as the motives and strategies of the demonstrations in Iran which occurred in 2017/2018 and since September of 2022. The findings are discussed using the Rentier State Theory. A pure comparative analysis is not made, rather a case study with the demonstrations as two components. The demonstrations that started in September 2022 is ongoing as of the writing of this paper, despite this are several findings made. Similarities are seen in the participating people between the years, as well as some recurring cities. The biggest differences are the longevity of the demonstrations despite interventions of the regime, the greater unity amongst socioeconomic groups in the ongoing demonstrations as well as the grievances of electoral frauds leading up t. The motive of 2022 is more focused on revolution instead of the reforms of 2017, these differences is however partly uncertain. The strategies were in the beginning similar, with taking of the headscarf as a more prominent action in the demonstrations of 2022. Many of the underlying grievances can be discussed via the Rentier State Theory, for example the democratic deficit and economic hardships. The details and observations are several, but the main conclusion is how the ongoing demonstrations are greater in both numbers, motives, and strategies. The theory is found useful to explain this phenomenon of instability and grievance between state and civilians.