The purpose of this project was to analyze data from an experiment carried out at LNL (Legnaro National Laboratories) in order to test the collective nuclear model. In the experiment 170Dy was created by multi-nucleon transfer reactions. This isotope is predicted to be the most collective of all nuclei with A < 190. γ-ray energies originating from its deexcitation allow to measure its collectivity. The PRISMA spectrometer was used to determine which ions were produced in the reactions and AGATA measured the γ-radiation from these products. The analysis consists of a calibration process of all detectors and eventually leads to the identication of 170Dy and of its deexcitation energies. This report explains the analysis procedure and some of the steps to identify the reaction prodcuts and corresponding γ-ray energies were performed. Xe-isotopes and corresponding γ-spectra have been identied.

This study examines the reactions of the Serrano from Capulalpam in the Northern Sierra of Oaxaca, Mexico to the pressures of global capitalism. This is examined through the community responses to mining exploitation, which began in mid 19th century and which during the early years of the 21st century became linked to a concept of global business.Historical memory of indigenismo and mestizaje of the 20th century plays a major role in the configuration of collective identities in Capulalpam, which the community has used to claim full ownership of gold and silver. This mobilization of lived experiences of the past is examined through the role of the elders, former indigenous miners, and indigenous authorities who are the intermediaries between the community and the state. They have mobilized major local spaces of collective representation such as the agrarian and municipal jurisdictions, as well as the communal assembly, to challenge the federal government's granting of mining concessions to multinational corporations. Members of the community adjust discourses about community to novel circumstances.Consequences of mining on Capulalpam's key resources for survival such as depletion of aquifers, pollution of water and communal lands, as well as the extraction of gold and silver, are assessed through the language of collective possession of resources. Former indigenous miners have used the landscape to attach memories to reconstruct and assess changes in the environment occurred over time due to mining. Documentation of communal land possession forged through time, memories of elders about mining and experiences of community cargo carried out across generations are connected to international and national law for Capulalpam to claim its indigenous rights and its inclusion into the politics of allocation of subsoil resources.In claiming a historical possession of gold and silver, Capulalpam has undermined major ideologies shaped by cultural anthropology depicting indigenous culture as part of indigenous traditions untouched by time and history. Thus, this study contributes to the discussion of the politics of culture and power in which ethnicity, gender, nationalism and law are interlocked and formed.

No description available.

La dialectique classique entre l'individualisme et la solidarité révèle l'opposition permanente des deux forces qui se partagent la vie des hommes en société. La couverture intégrale du territoire par des EPCI à fiscalité propre constitue la réponse nécessaire à l'émiettement communal français. En outre, l'intercommunalité s'inscrit dans le processus global de la décentralisation, elle redessine le paysage de l'administration territoriale. Dorénavant, les communes doivent s'organiser autrement, aussi bien dans les territoires ruraux que dans les aires urbaines, pour partager leurs ressources et leurs dépenses au sein des périmètres intercommunaux. Ainsi, les nouveaux espaces communautaires sont propices à tous genres d'innovations organisationnelles. La mutualisation des services, dès son émergence dans le cadre de l'intercommunalité au sens de l'article L.5211-4-1 du CGCT, est apparue comme un instrument contractuel d'optimisation des moyens humains et matériels nécessaires à l'exercice des compétences de la personne publique. Elle se pratique via les conventions de mise à disposition conclues entre les communes etl'EPCI pour réaliser des économies d'échelles. De surcroît, la mutualisation contribue à l'intégration progressive des services dans l’ensemble intercommunal. La loi « RCT » du 16 décembre 2010 a apporté des nouveautés juridiques pour favoriser la mutualisation et élargir son champ d'action. Depuis peu, la coopération conventionnelle « public-public » est reconnue, de manière prétorienne, par le juge communautaire et national, et se situe hors des règles européennes de la concurrence. Telle est l’hypothèse de cette recherche qui s’emploie à souligner la complémentarité des outils institutionnels, conventionnels et managériaux utilisés dans une optique globale de modernisation de la gestion publique locale. / The classic dialectical between individualism and solidarity reveals the permanent opposition of the two forces sharing mankind's life in society. The entire territory covered by EPCI with its own taxation, constitutes the necessary answer to the French communes crumbling. Besides the intercommunality which falls under the global process of decentralisation, it redraws the landscape of territorial administration. Henceforth, communes must be organised differently in the rural territories and urban areas in order to share their resources and their expenses within the inter commune perimeters. Therefore new community spaces are favourable with all kinds of organisational innovations. Mutualisation of the services, such as its emergence within the framework of the intercommunality within the sense of L.5211-4-1 article of the CGCT seemed a contractual instrument of optimisation of human means and hardware requirements with the exercising of the competences of the public person. It is practised via provisional conventions between the communes and the EPCI in order to make graduated economies. In addition the mutualisation contributes to the progressive integration of the services as a whole in the intercommunality. The RCT law of 16th December 2010 brought legal innovations to support the mutualisation and also to widen its sphere of activity. Recently, the conventional co-operation 'public-public' is recognised in a praetorian way by the community and national judge and is out of European rules of competition. Such is the hypothesis of this research which devotes itself to underline the complementarity of the institutional tools both conventional and managerial used from a global point of view of modernisation of the local public administration.

This dissertation is an ethnographic study of race and other forms of social categorization as approached through the discourse of the indigenous Chachi people of northwestern lowland Ecuador and their Afro-descendant neighbors. It combines the ethnographic methods of social anthropology with the methods of descriptive linguistics, letting social questions about racial formation guide linguistic inquiry. It provides new information about the largely unstudied indigenous South American language Cha’palaa, and connects that information about linguistic form to problems of the study of race and ethnicity in Latin America. Individual descriptive chapters address how the Cha’palaa number system is based on collectivity rather than plurality according to an animacy hierarchy that codes only human and human-like social collectivities, how a nominal set of ethnonyms linked to Chachi oral history become the recipients of collective marking as human collectivities, how those collectivities are co-referentially linked to speech participants through the deployment of the pronominal system, and how the multi-modal resource of gesture adds to these rich resources supplied by the spoken language for the expression of social realities like race. The final chapters address Chachi and Afro-descendant discourses in dialogue with each other and examine naturally occurring speech data to show how the linguistic forms described in previous chapters are used in social interaction. The central argument advances a position that takes the socially constructed status of race seriously and considers that for such constructions to exist as more abstract macro-categories they must be constituted by instances of social interaction, where elements of the social order are observable at the micro-level. In this way localized articulations of social categories become vehicles for the broader circulation of discourses structured by a history of racialized social inequality, revealing the extreme depth of racialization in human social conditioning. This dissertation represents a contribution to the field of linguistic anthropology as well as to descriptive linguistics of South American languages and to critical approaches to race and ethnicity in Latin America. / text

D'après plusieurs théoriciens (Lukàcs, Bakhtine, Hegel), l'épopée est incompatible avec la modernité. Pourtant, les conceptions récentes du genre laissent apparaître la possibilité d'une modernité épique. L'épopée subit néanmoins un certain nombre de transformations, conséquentes à l'évolution des mentalités. L'Inde de la fin du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe siècle offre un terreau idéal au surgissement d'une modernité épique, puisque les auteurs sont confrontés aux bouleversements de la colonisation. Ils sont pris entre l'appartenance à une double culture (Aurobindo, Dutt), et l'affirmation de la culture indienne, bouleversée par la colonisation. Une véritable modernité indienne fait en outre son apparition à cette époque. Façonnée par l'influence occidentale, elle comporte ses propres caractéristiques, nées du contexte colonial et de la culture indienne. Il s'agit donc de comparer la modernité épique indienne avec la modernité épique française de la fin du XIXe siècle. Le Poème de l'Assassinat de Meghanāda de Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1861), Kāmāyanī de Jayśankar Prasād (1936), Savitri de Sri Aurobindo (1950) permettent de saisir différents états de cette modernité. La comparaison avec La Légende des siècles de Victor Hugo fait apparaître des spécificités indiennes, mais aussi des traits communs, afin de dégager les caractéristiques de la modernité épique de l'époque. Un véritable dialogue entre la dimension communautaire de l'épopée d'un côté, l'aspiration à l'universalité et l'introduction d'une subjectivité moderne de l'autre, émerge. La modernité transforme les figures héroïques, les rapports au groupe ou à l'espace, ainsi que la représentation du temps et de l'Histoire. / According to some scholars (Lukàcs, Bakhtine, Hegel), an epic can't be written in the modernity. Nevertheless, the recent conceptions of the genre make appear that an epic modernity is possible. They imply however that the epic undergo some changes, because of the evolution of mentalities. At the end of the XIXth Century and at the beginning of the XXth Century, India becomes an ideal field for modern epic, because the authors go through the transformations caused by colonialism. They experience the dilemma between a double culture (Aurobindo, Dutt) and the need to assert the Indian culture, undermined by colonialism. Besides, an Indian modernity appears in the meantime. Formed by the Occidental modernity, it has its own characteristics, caused by the colonial context and by the Indian culture. Our purpose is to compare the Indian epic modernity with the French epic modernity. The study The Slaying of Meghanāda by Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1861), Kāmāyanī by Jayśankar Prasād (1936), Savitri by Sri Aurobindo (1950) has allowed us to show different aspects of this modernity. By comparing these poems with La Légende des siècles by Victor Hugo, the Indian specificities appear, as do some similarities. There is a dialogue between the collective nature of the epic on the one side, the impulse to universality and the assertion of a modern subjectivity on the other side. Modernity transforms heroes, the representation of groups, of space, of time and of History.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar a formação das classes sociais na sociedade brasileira como possíveis coletividades que balizam a sociabilidade cotidiana e configuram estilos de vida. Para tanto, inicialmente faço uma breve incursão pela literatura de estratificação social e análise de classe, de forma a identificar os dilemas teóricos que caracterizam o campo de análise de classes atualmente. Investigo, então, se os padrões de escolha dos agentes sociais em domínios diversos da prática (alimentação, cuidados de si, cultura, etc.) variam segundo a classe e outros fatores, como gênero e idade. A hipótese principal é que a classe é um fator relevante para explicar os padrões de escolha dos agentes sociais e a formação de estilos de vida. / This study aims at investigating the process of social class formation as social collectivities which shape social relations and lifestyles in the Brazilian society. We initially engage with the recent literature on social stratification and class analysis, in order to depict the main theoretical dilemmas which characterize that scientific field. Then, social agents practices in different domains are examined in order to reveal the principles which might shape the probability of such practices (class, gender, age, etc.). We expect that class remain a central factor to explain the patterns shaping social agents practices and the formation of lifestyles.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar a formação das classes sociais na sociedade brasileira como possíveis coletividades que balizam a sociabilidade cotidiana e configuram estilos de vida. Para tanto, inicialmente faço uma breve incursão pela literatura de estratificação social e análise de classe, de forma a identificar os dilemas teóricos que caracterizam o campo de análise de classes atualmente. Investigo, então, se os padrões de escolha dos agentes sociais em domínios diversos da prática (alimentação, cuidados de si, cultura, etc.) variam segundo a classe e outros fatores, como gênero e idade. A hipótese principal é que a classe é um fator relevante para explicar os padrões de escolha dos agentes sociais e a formação de estilos de vida. / This study aims at investigating the process of social class formation as social collectivities which shape social relations and lifestyles in the Brazilian society. We initially engage with the recent literature on social stratification and class analysis, in order to depict the main theoretical dilemmas which characterize that scientific field. Then, social agents practices in different domains are examined in order to reveal the principles which might shape the probability of such practices (class, gender, age, etc.). We expect that class remain a central factor to explain the patterns shaping social agents practices and the formation of lifestyles.

<p>This doctoral thesis examines how modernisation affects and is affected by existing local culture and identity. It is about the relation between the social and mental barriers experienced, expressed and manifested in the social culture of local community, and modernisation’s dynamic powers over time. The thesis deals with different time periods from the 1800’s until today with regard to expressions and consequences of modernity. People during the societal transformation of Sweden in the 19th and 20th centuries are culturally depicted from a micro-perspective.</p><p>An overall perspective for the analysis of modernity uses the concepts of basal and variable modernity, borrowed from the historian of ideas Sven-Eric Liedman. The perspective makes possible the separation between on the one hand the structural modernisation within the fields of economy, technology and natural sciences, and on the other hand the cultural modernity manifested in conceptions of the world, politics, existential viewpoints, aesthetic expressions and social culture. Within the first-mentioned fields, where basal modernity dominates, a uniform and cumulative developmental pattern emerges as well as an almost self-propelled continuity toward the next innovation or stage of development. Within the latter fields, however, a non-uniform pattern emerges, where modernisation is constantly the object of alternative interpretations and attitudes. This variable modernity is characterised by a cultural struggle between conflicting ideologies and strategies in relation to ongoing modernisation. Different individuals and groups position themselves between acceptance and resistance, progressiveness and the critique of civilisation, the preservation of traditions and the will to change. In this course of events new affinities and identifications, but also new dissociations and antagonisms are created in local social contexts. Modernity leads both to the obliteration of boundaries and to the emergence of new social and mental boundaries. This process can also lead to existing geographical borders being charged with a new ideological content so their importance is revitalised.</p>

This dissertation explores the social and political dimensions of aesthetic autonomy as it is given formal expression in Wallace Stevens’s poetry of the 1930s and the early 1940s. Whereas modernist claims to autonomy are often said to rest upon an ideological assertion of art’s detachment from socio-historical concerns, I argue that, in Stevens’s work, autonomy is conceived in relational terms, which gives rise to new lines of interconnection between his poetry and its cultural situation. Written over a period when the political efficacy of literature became a staple of discussion among a myriad of writers and critics, Stevens’s poetry offers an understanding of autonomy not as an escape from, but as a productive condition for imagining alternative forms of engagement with the historical crisis with which it has to reckon. In taking into account the cultural context from which Stevens’s poetics of autonomy emerged, my study aims to highlight the significance of the concept to the poet’s exploration of the tension between aesthetic and social domains, to his imaginative formations of collective agency, and to the vexed relationship between poetic and philosophical modes of thinking. By transposing the theoretical discussion of autonomy into the register of historical scrutiny, I hope to pave the way for a rethinking of autonomy and its relevance to the period’s radical and modernist writing, literary debates, and cultural politics. For this purpose, I draw on recent theories, such as those offered by Jacques Rancière and Alain Badiou, on poetry, politics, and (in)aesthetics, which serve to complicate the working definitions of modernist autonomy as literature’s immunity from the world, and to indicate an alternative path for analyzing its critical and contextual implications.