The Government of South Africa adopted a policy on Free Open Source Software (FOSS) in 2003. This policy requires all government entities to migrate their IT to open source. This adoption of the FOSS policy is based on evidence of potential FOSS contributions to economic development generally, and directly support South African economic development priorities. In spite of the adoption of this policy, rates of adoption of FOSS in the SA government are low. This is partly because there is a lack of documentation of successful cases of migration. In addition, there is no strategic management framework that managers can use as a guide for migration. This lack of documentation may result in managers in government finding it difficult to know how best to go about migrating to FOSS. A failure to address this problem will delay the take-up of FOSS, in spite of all its stated benefits. Evidence so far within the government of South Africa is that the adoption of FOSS is progressing rather slowly. Making use of a qualitative research method that combines grounded theory with a case study method in four South African Government organisations, this study develops a strategic management framework for IT migration to FOSS in the South African public service. The four organisations that were part of this study were: the National Library of South Africa; the Presidential National Commission on Information Society and Development; the Electronic National Traffic Information System and the State Information Technology Agency. Data was collected using an open-ended interview guide. A strategic management framework for Information Technology migration to FOSS will assist the Government of South Africa with the better implementation of its FOSS policy. The framework will provide guidance to public sector managers regarding how the process of migrating can best be managed. Content analysis is used to derive the framework that shows that IT migration to FOSS in the public sector of South Africa follows a strategic management process. This process goes through the phases of strategic planning, operational planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. The framework is developed using eclectic explanations of strategic management, including mechanistic and organic perspectives. Correspondence analysis is used to corroborate and validate the framework. The framework is accompanied by a set of management guidelines that managers in the public sector can use in migrating their organisations' IT to FOSS. / School for Business Leadership / (D.B.L. (Strategic Management))

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Luiz_Fernando_Albertin_Bono_Milan.pdf: 1496924 bytes, checksum: dc2807d559797a738bbd609bc3b1ad35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Nas últimas décadas, o modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software foi de passatempo de programadores, para inimigo de empresas de tecnologia e, mais recentemente, passou a ser uma estratégia destas. Sob o paradigma filosófico do Realismo Crítico, o estudo tem o objetivo de identificar os mecanismos envolvidos na decisão de adoção do modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software pelas empresas. Utilizando estudo de casos múltiplos, os dados contemplam nove empresas brasileiras de tecnologia. O material qualitativo foi analisado utilizando técnicas indutivas e dedutivas, buscando evidências para suportar um modelo preliminar de pesquisa baseado na literatura e a identificação de novos fatores. Os principais resultados do estudo são: com a utilização de técnicas de mapeamento de citações, uma ampla e estruturada revisão da literatura sobre o modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software, podendo assim, oferecer o caminho principal da literatura; dos dados empíricos, foi identificado um mecanismo e mudança da prática organizacional de influência mútua, entre o nível do indivíduo e o nível da organização e os fatores, uso de software de código aberto e intenção de garantir o investimento inicial; é oferecida uma estrutura de referência – framework, que endereça os mecanismos envolvidos na adoção deste modelo pelas empresas, importante para o avanço do conhecimento sobre o tema; e, as posturas adotadas pelas empresas da amostra, relevante contribuição para os gestores das empresas no contexto brasileiro de desenvolvimento de software. Um importante achado do estudo foi que, independentemente do risco, a adoção do modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software pelas empresas parece estar mais fortemente ligada à mudança da prática organizacional do que a outros fatores. Os achados do estudo permitem aos pesquisadores, além de enxergarem a evolução da literatura sobre o tema ao longo do tempo, a avançar de forma estruturada os estudos sobre o modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software no nível da organização, nível de análise que recebeu pouca atenção da literatura ao longo do tempo. Aos gestores do mercado, permite a reavaliação de suas estratégias em relação ao desenvolvimento de software. / In the last decades, the open software development model has gone from being a pastime for programmers to an enemy of technology companies and, more recently, to becoming a strategy for these companies. Under the philosophical paradigm of Critical Realism, this study aims to identify the mechanisms involved in the decision for companies to adopt the open software development model. Using a multiple case study, the data cover nine Brazilian technology companies. The qualitative material was analyzed using inductive and deductive techniques, seeking evidence to support a preliminary research model based on the literature and the identification of new factors. With the use of citation mapping techniques, a broad and structured review of the literature on the open software development model shows the main path that the literature has followed. From the empirical data, a mechanism was identified and a change in organizational culture with mutual influence between the individual and organizational level and the factors, use of open code software and the intention to guarantee initial investment. A framework is provided that addresses the mechanisms involved in the adoption of this model by companies. This is an important step in the advance of knowledge on the theme. Furthermore, the strategies adopted by the companies in the sample are important in that they can be helpful for company managers in the Brazilian software development context. An important finding of the study was that, regardless of the risk, the adoption of the open model of software development by companies seems to be more strongly linked to the change in organizational culture than to other factors. The findings of the study allow the researchers, in addition to seeing the evolution of the literature on the theme over time, to advance in a structured way the studies about the open model of software development at the organizational level, level of analysis that received little attention of literature over time. To managers, it allows the reevaluation of their strategies in relation to software development.

The Government of South Africa adopted a policy on Free Open Source Software (FOSS) in 2003. This policy requires all government entities to migrate their IT to open source. This adoption of the FOSS policy is based on evidence of potential FOSS contributions to economic development generally, and directly support South African economic development priorities. In spite of the adoption of this policy, rates of adoption of FOSS in the SA government are low. This is partly because there is a lack of documentation of successful cases of migration. In addition, there is no strategic management framework that managers can use as a guide for migration. This lack of documentation may result in managers in government finding it difficult to know how best to go about migrating to FOSS. A failure to address this problem will delay the take-up of FOSS, in spite of all its stated benefits. Evidence so far within the government of South Africa is that the adoption of FOSS is progressing rather slowly. Making use of a qualitative research method that combines grounded theory with a case study method in four South African Government organisations, this study develops a strategic management framework for IT migration to FOSS in the South African public service. The four organisations that were part of this study were: the National Library of South Africa; the Presidential National Commission on Information Society and Development; the Electronic National Traffic Information System and the State Information Technology Agency. Data was collected using an open-ended interview guide. A strategic management framework for Information Technology migration to FOSS will assist the Government of South Africa with the better implementation of its FOSS policy. The framework will provide guidance to public sector managers regarding how the process of migrating can best be managed. Content analysis is used to derive the framework that shows that IT migration to FOSS in the public sector of South Africa follows a strategic management process. This process goes through the phases of strategic planning, operational planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. The framework is developed using eclectic explanations of strategic management, including mechanistic and organic perspectives. Correspondence analysis is used to corroborate and validate the framework. The framework is accompanied by a set of management guidelines that managers in the public sector can use in migrating their organisations' IT to FOSS. / School for Business Leadership / (D.B.L. (Strategic Management))

開放原始碼軟體平台與互補性資產建構—以Google與 Intel 為例 / Open source software is Open Innovation only if it has a business model driving it (West and Gallagher 2006). Open Innovation is the paradigm describing the scenario in which firms use a broad range of external sources for innovation and seek a broad range of commercialization alternatives for internal innovation (Chesbrough 2003). The Platform Leader builds the platform and concentrates its efforts on promoting and directing innovation of complementary products in favor of its R&D direction (Cusumano and Gawer 2002). The author has chosen leaders in two distinctive industry sectors— Google, the leader in search engine industry, and Intel, the leader in the microprocessor business for the personal computer industry—as the case study companies for this research. Both cases fit the definition of open innovation since both Google and Intel have specific business models for their open source software platforms. This research explores how industry leaders exploit open source software platforms to realize their specific strategic intents. The research problems are: (1) how companies can incorporate external creativity and innovation to maintain their own innovative momentum; (2) what are the key factors and strategies for building a successful open source software platform and its ecosystem; (3) how can a company use an open source software platform as part of its strategy to enter new markets and promote development of complementary assets to build its competitive advantages. The author proposes the following framework to analyze how leading firms design open source platform strategies: (1) analyze the firm’s core competencies; (2) analyze the firm’s strategic intent for their open source software platform; (3) analyze the firm’s strategies for designing the architecture of their open source software platform; (4) analyze the firm’s strategies for designing the ecosystem around the platform. Based on the analysis of the two comparative cases, the author has been convinced of the following propositions: 1. Firms can use open source software platform to incorporate external creativity and innovations that promote the development of complementary assets and to build or at least maintain their competitive advantage against competitors. 2. Instead of a purely open or purely proprietary platform strategy, platform owners can utilize a hybrid strategy, which combines the advantages of open source and closed source to retain control and differentiation. 3. As opposed to a company-owned open source software platform, a community-owned open source software platform will attract more communities’ involvements and stimulate more innovation. 4. When developing complementary assets, firms should adopt an open innovation approach to incorporate external creativity and innovations; however, when building their core competencies, firms should adopt a more closed innovation approach to maintain their distinctive competitive advantages. 5. One of the key determining factors of a successful open source platform strategy is the platform owner’s ability to create value and enable every partner within the ecosystem to share some portion of it.

A presente tese tem como objetivo produzir subsídios para a construção de um referencial teórico-metodológico sobre a utilização dos objetos de aprendizagem no contexto das comunidades virtuais auto-organizadas para a produção de software livre e de código aberto. Utiliza-se como metodologia a etnografia virtual (HINE, 2000) em conjunto com a teoria analítica da ação mediada (WERTSCH, 1991) e a análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2000). A coleta de dados foi efetuada, em duas fases, nos fóruns de discussão de quatro (4) comunidades, além de uma comunidade incubadora de desenvolvimento de projetos de software livre e de código aberto. Constata-se que os objetos de aprendizagem mediam o processo de solução de problemas, uma vez que 100% dos problemas da amostra analisada foram resolvidos, apesar da ausência de um padrão de conformidade desses objetos. Esta limitação é superada em razão do perfil específico imperante dos membros ativos da comunidade, pois estes possuem elevado nível de comportamento colaborativo/cooperativo, iniciativa voluntária, desprendimento, obstinação, capacidade de autoaprendizagem, autonomia, independência, disciplina, responsabilidade e comprometimento com prazos, qualidade dos produtos e outras exigências estabelecidas pela comunidade. Outro fator de relevância é que as comunidades são ricas em interação humana, o que qualifica o processo do significado da mediação e o ambiente de colaboração, nas ações referentes à localização, montagem e contextualização dos objetos de aprendizagem. Os significativos resultados atingidos por estas comunidades têm impactado, sobremaneira, as grandes organizações de produção de software, levando-as a rever suas estratégias corporativas, boas práticas de desenvolvimento, gestão de pessoas, equipes e projetos. Por outro lado, infere-se que a sustentabilidade de tais comunidades não pode estar assentada somente em atributos e habilidades pessoais, principalmente pelo fato de que a localização dos objetos de aprendizagem para a solução de problemas baseia-se no conhecimento tácito de seus membros. Necessário se faz agregar inovações na forma e funcionalidade de tais comunidades (padrão de conformidade, métodos e ferramentas tecnológicas), com vistas a possibilitar uma efetiva e universal acessibilidade do conhecimento produzido para a solução mais eficiente dos problemas, bem como incorporar membros com comportamentos e habilidades diversos. Os resultados desta pesquisa contribuem para as inovações futuras, no campo teórico e prático, na definição de um padrão de conformidade para a especificação, indexação, uso, combinação e avaliação dos objetos de aprendizagem, além de motivar a mudança de comportamento, cultura e forma de aprender. / The present thesis aims to produce subsidies for the development of a theoreticalmethodological referential on the use of learning objects in the context of self-organized virtual communities for the development of free and open source software. The methodologies used were the virtual ethnography (HINE, 2000), together with the mediated action analytical theory (WERTSCH, 1991) and content analysis (BARDIN, 2000). Data was collected in two phases: from the discussion forums of (4) four communities, and from an incubator community for the development of free and open source software projects. The learning objects appear to mediate the problem solution processes, since all the problems of the analyzed sample were solved, despite the lack of a standard of compliance of those objects. This limitation is overcome due to the specific dominant profile of the active members of the community, who display a high level of collaborative behavior, voluntary initiative, detachment, obstinacy, auto-learning capacity, autonomy, independence, discipline, responsibility and commitment to deadlines, product quality and other requirements established by the community. Another relevant aspect is that the communities are abundant in human interaction, what qualifies the mediation significance process and the collaborative environment in the actions referring to location, assembling and contextualization of the learning objects. The meaningful results obtained by those communities have led great software production organizations to review their corporate strategies, good developmental practices, staff, people and project management. On the other hand, it is inferred that the sustainability of those communities can not be maintained only by personal attributes and abilities, specially because the location of the learning objects for problem solution is based on the tacit knowledge of their members. It is necessary to aggregate innovation into the nature and functionality of those communities (standard compliance, technological methods and tools), to not only enable an effective and universal accessibility to knowledge leading to more efficient problem solution, but also to incorporate members with diverse behavior and abilities. The results of the present research contribute to future innovation in both theoretical and practical fields in the definition of a pattern of conformity for the specification, indexation, use, combination and evaluation of learning objects, in addition to motivating a change of behavior, culture and way of learning.

<p>Debate over Intellectual Property Rights ‘IPRs’ particularly patent and copyrights is mainly on forward-looking industries in computer software. As part of a trade deal reached in 1994, the member nations of the World Trade Organisation must adhere to a global agreement known as TRIPS, for the Trade- Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights.</p><p>This study is to analyse the ethical conception of Intellectual Property Rights and in particular its implications on the developing countries in relation to TRIPS. The approach will be to analyse a broad philosophical theories of property to see if there is any justification for a software program to be treated as private property and also argue base on John Rawls two principles of justice in relation to TRIPS Agreement. Some reflections will be put on the use of open-source software by less developing countries.</p><p>From the study it was asserted that, strong IPRs protection would hinder technological transfer and indigenous learning activities in the early stage of industrialisation when learning takes place through reverse engineering. And policy makers should consider differentiation in terms of the level of economic and industrial development, if protection and enforcement of IPRs is intended to enhance technological development.</p>

Debate over Intellectual Property Rights ‘IPRs’ particularly patent and copyrights is mainly on forward-looking industries in computer software. As part of a trade deal reached in 1994, the member nations of the World Trade Organisation must adhere to a global agreement known as TRIPS, for the Trade- Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights. This study is to analyse the ethical conception of Intellectual Property Rights and in particular its implications on the developing countries in relation to TRIPS. The approach will be to analyse a broad philosophical theories of property to see if there is any justification for a software program to be treated as private property and also argue base on John Rawls two principles of justice in relation to TRIPS Agreement. Some reflections will be put on the use of open-source software by less developing countries. From the study it was asserted that, strong IPRs protection would hinder technological transfer and indigenous learning activities in the early stage of industrialisation when learning takes place through reverse engineering. And policy makers should consider differentiation in terms of the level of economic and industrial development, if protection and enforcement of IPRs is intended to enhance technological development.

No description available.

This research examines new systems of information production that are made possible by participatory media. Such systems bring about two critical information literacy needs for the general public: to understand new systems in order to assess their products and to become adept participants in the construction of public information spaces. In this dissertation, I address both of these needs and propose a view of information literacy that situates the information literate as both consumer and producer. First, I examine a popular example of a new publishing system, Wikipedia, and present research that explains how the site is organized and maintained. I then turn my attention to the classroom and describe three iterations of design-based research in which I built new wiki tools to support publication activities and information literacy learning in formal educational contexts. I use the rhetorical notion of genre as an analytic lens for studying the use and impact of these new media in schools. Classroom findings suggest that the affordances of a wiki as an open, transparent publishing medium can support groups of writers in building a shared understanding of genre as they struggle with an unfamiliar rhetorical situation. I also demonstrate how writing on a public wiki for a broad audience was a particularly useful writing experience that brought about opportunities for reflection and learning. These opportunities include transforming the value of citation, creating a need to engage deeply with content, and providing both a need and a foundation for assessing information resources.

Έχει διαπιστωθεί ότι η διαχείριση και η προστασία των υδατικών πόρων στον ελληνικό χώρο βρίσκεται σε αρκετά πρώιμο στάδιο. Αν και η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση έχει εκδώσει Κοινοτικές Οδηγίες που καλύπτουν την ανάγκες ενός πλαισίου διαχείρισης αυτών από το 2000, η ένταξή τους στην ελληνική πραγματικότητα δεν έχει επιτευχθεί πλήρως μέχρι σήμερα. Ειδικότερα όσον αφορά τους υδατικούς πόρους που κατανέμονται μεταξύ δύο ή και περισσότερων διοικητικών ενοτήτων, η αειφορική διαχείριση και προστασία τους γίνεται ακόμα δυσκολότερη, καθώς στις περισσότερες των περιπτώσεων δεν είναι δυνατή η σύσταση ενιαίου φορέα διαχείρισής τους. Κρίνεται, λοιπόν, αναγκαία η συλλογή και καταγραφή των δραστηριοτήτων που φαίνεται να επηρεάζουν αρνητικά την ποιότητα των υδάτων και του γύρω περιβάλλοντος της περιοχής. Ακόμη, ιδιαίτερα βοηθητική θεωρείται η καταχώρηση αυτών σε ηλεκτρονικές βάσεις δεδομένων, ώστε να είναι ευκολότερη η συλλογική εύρεση και επεξεργασία τους. Σημαντικό μέρος των δεδομένων αυτών (π.χ. πηγές ρύπανσης) διαθέτει και χωρική πληροφορία, με συνέπεια οι βάσεις δεδομένων που θα αναπτυχθούν να ενισχύονται υποχρεωτικά με χωρικές λειτουργίες. Αυτό είναι εφικτό με τη δημιουργία χωρικών βάσεων δεδομένων, οι οποίες μπορούν να αποθηκεύουν, να διαχειρίζονται και να ανακτούν με αποτελεσματικότητα μεγάλο όγκο χωρικής πληροφορίας. Αντικείμενο της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής εργασίας αποτελεί ο σχεδιασμός και η υλοποίηση ενός συστήματος χωρικής βάσης δεδομένων για τη λεκάνη απορροής του Αλφειού ποταμού, καθώς η συλλογή στοιχείων για τις δραστηριότητες που αναπτύσσονται γύρω από τον ποταμό ανέδειξε σημαντικά προβλήματα ρύπανσης και υποβάθμισης της ποιότητας των υδάτων της περιοχής. Επιδιώκεται η συγκέντρωση, ανάλυση και επεξεργασία όλων των χαρακτηριστικών της περιοχής που επηρεάζουν αρνητικά τους υδατικούς πόρους και το περιβάλλον αυτής, με στόχο τον υπολογισμό των ρυπαντικών φορτίων που καταλήγουν στον Αλφειό. Στα πρώτα κεφάλαια της εργασίας παρουσιάζεται το νομοθετικό πλαίσιο σχετικά με τη διαχείριση των υδατικών πόρων σε ευρωπαϊκό και εθνικό επίπεδο, καθώς και τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά της υφιστάμενης κατάστασης της λεκάνης απορροής, τα οποία επηρεάζουν άμεσα ή έμμεσα τους υδατικούς πόρους, καθώς και ποιοι είναι αυτοί. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιείται ο καθορισμός των απαιτήσεων των χρηστών και ο σχεδιασμός της βάσης δεδομένων, όπου παρατίθενται τα δεδομένα που πρόκειται να εισαχθούν στη βάση. Ακολούθως, αναλύονται οι τεχνολογίες το λογισμικό ελεύθερου και ανοιχτού κώδικα και που επιλέχθηκε για τη σύσταση της βάσης. Σε τελικό στάδιο περιγράφεται η διαδικασία υλοποίησης της βάσης και πραγματοποιείται ο υπολογισμός των ρυπαντικών φορτίων αζώτου (Ν), φωσφόρου (Ρ) και οργανικών ενώσεων μέσω της εκτέλεσης πολύπλοκων και σύνθετων ερωτημάτων επί των δεδομένων με χρήση της Γλώσσας Δομικής Αναζήτησης (SQL). / It has been established that the management and protection of water resources in Greece is at a very early stage. Even though the European Union issued EU Directives that cover the needs of such a management framework since 2000, the integration into the Greek reality has not been fully achieved so far. In particular regarding water resources allocated between two or more administrative units, the sustainable management and protection becomes even more difficult, since in most cases a single management structure is unable to be established. Therefore, the collection and recording of activities that seem to adversely affect the quality of the water and the surrounding environment of the region is necessary. Still, particularly auxiliary is the inclusion on electronic databases, so it is easier to find collective and edit them. An important part of such data (e.g. pollution sources) has spatial information, so the databases will be developed in order to be assisted with spatial functions required. This is possible by creating spatial databases that can store, manage and retrieve efficiently large volumes of spatial information. The purpose of this thesis is the design and implementation of a system of a spatial database for the catchment area of the River Alfeios (Alpheus). As the collection of data on the activities developed around the river showed, there are significant problems of pollution and degradation of water quality in the region. It is pursued the collection, analysis and processing of all the features of the area negatively affecting water resources and the environment, in order to estimate pollutant loads, resulting in Alfeios. In the first chapters of the thesis are presented the legislative framework for the management of water resources at European and national level and the basic characteristics of the existing situation in the catchment area, which directly or indirectly affect water resources and what they are. Then, take place the setting of user requirements and the design of the database, in which the data are going to be imported. Next, analyzes the technologies, as well as the free and open source software chosen for the establishment of the base. At the final stage, the implementation process of the base is described and the calculation of pollutant loads of nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p) and organic compounds through the execution of complex and compound queries on data using Structural Query Language (SQL).