Este trabalho trata dos projetos da cidade de Maringá, de seus espaços abertos e das condições para torná-la uma cidade ambientalmente sustentável. Para tanto, apresenta uma breve evolução do pensamento ecológico; trata de conceitos como sustentabilidade e paisagens sustentáveis e suas relações com a forma da cidade. Apresenta abordagens atuais de planejamento da paisagem e enfatiza o papel dos espaços abertos na conformação da cidade. Ressalta a importância desses espaços na proteção dos ecossistemas e na relação do homem com a natureza dentro das cidades. Analisaram-se no estudo a construção da paisagem do Norte do Paraná e a rede de cidades projetada pela companhia colonizadora, os elementos que subsidiaram os projetos das cidades e, mais especificamente, da cidade de Maringá, cujo projeto original teve influência direta das idéias de cidade-jardim. À luz do aparato legislativo vigente, foram avaliados a forma e os processos de construção da paisagem urbana de Maringá e os principais aspectos dos espaços abertos existentes. Sob o enfoque da ecologia da paisagem, foram estabelecidas as condições necessárias para que este sistema se torne uma estrutura ecológica capaz de abrigar os serviços ambientais que sustentariam a cidade. Por fim, são apresentados um plano de estrutura ecológica e diretrizes de projeto para a qualificação da cidade e sua adequação aos pressupostos levantados por esta tese. / This thesis deals about the urban planning and design of Maringá, its open spaces and the needed conditions to turn it into an environmental sustainable city. Thus, it provides a succinct historical account of the ecological thinking, relating concepts such as sustainability and sustainable landscapes, and their interaction with the urban form. It also presents some new approaches to landscape planning and emphasizes the open spaces role in the urban form, in ecosystems protection, and in the relationship between men and nature in the cities. It analyzes the construction of the Northern Paraná State landscape and its originally planned cluster of cities, as well as the basic elements that helped to define each new urban form, especially Maringá, whose urban design was directly influenced by garden-city ideas. In addition to that, the urban form, the landscape construction process as well as the characteristics of Maringá´s open spaces are evaluated considering environmental legislation. Using the principles of landscape ecology, the conditions that this system should present to become a green infrastructure, in order to support the ecological services, are shown. Finally, a plan and spatial strategies to design ecologically sustainable landscapes are proposed to enhance the citys quality and apply the principles presented in this thesis.

Nesta tese, investigam-se os centros urbanos e o fenômeno da centralidade na atualidade, tendo Palmas, capital do Tocantins, como objeto empírico. Palmas foi estabelecida a partir de um plano urbanístico, de 1989, para uma população ainda inexistente. Seus preceitos de racionalidade projetual são transgredidos já em seus primeiros anos, quando adentra efetivamente na lógica capitalista de produção do espaço urbano, tendo a gestão pública como participante fundamental desse processo. Como decorrência, desencadeia o fenômeno da multicentralidade prematuramente. Seus centros urbanos surgem deflagrando as contradições sociais e estampam os conflitos de seu processo de urbanização. Enquanto seu centro principal evoca simbolicamente o poder e está alinhado aos interesses hegemônicos, seus subcentros populares revelam uma construção coletiva do espaço e ricas apropriações de seus espaços livres públicos, abrindo maiores possibilidades para a vivência urbana e contribuindo para a formação da cidadania. / This thesis investigates the urban centers and the phenomenon of centralities today, having Palmas, capital of Tocantins State, as the empirical object. Palmas was established, for a still non-existent population, from an urban plan of 1989. Its project rationality precepts are already transgressed in its early years, when it actually enters the capitalist logic of urban space production, and the public administration acts as a key participant in such process. As a result, it triggers the phenomenon of early multi centrality. Its urban centers arise triggering social contradictions, while exposing its urbanization process conflicts. While its main center symbolically evokes the power and is aligned to the hegemonic interests, its popular sub-centers reveal a collective construction of space and rich appropriations of its public open spaces, opening up greater possibilities for urban living and contributing to the formation of citizenship.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Campitelli da Silva Pinto 1-80.pdf: 6869324 bytes, checksum: 4e9d3dd3d187897c6ef4726e1a6b53d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-18 / This work makes an analysis of the Public Open Spaces System of the city of Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects by the analysis of distribution, articulation and functional complementarity of Free Public Spaces. It identifies the structural elements of urban landscape and its respectives Landscape Units. The method is supported on the analysis of municipal propriety spaces, which have formed themselves by division of the soil. It is possible to identify processing and embezzlement levels, on the part of the population, of the main elements that compose the free spaces system. The characterization, hindrance identification and proposed actions to each Landsapce Unit are systematized by synthesis sheets. / O presente trabalho analisa o Sistema de Espa?os Livres P?blicos da cidade de Piracicaba/SP. Considera tanto os aspectos quantitativos quanto os qualitativos por meio da an?lise da distribui??o, articula??o e complementariedade funcional dos Espa?os Livres P?blicos. O estudo identifica os elementos estruturadores da paisagem urbana e suas respectivas Unidades de Paisagem. O m?todo apoia-se na an?lise dos espa?os de propriedade municipal que assim se constitu?ram por meio do parcelamento do solo. Identificam-se os graus de processamento e de apropria??o, por parte da popula??o e dos principais elementos que comp?e o sistema de espa?os livres. As caracteriza??es, identifica??o de entraves e a??es propostas para cada Unidade de Paisagem, s?o sistematizadas por meio de fichas s?nteses.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dulcina Aquino.pdf: 3843065 bytes, checksum: 42372506ad20f20325f1f7146ca4bfde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-27 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / The evaluation of vegetal coverage, open spaces and green areas play a fundamental role for the planning and development of cities like Ponta Grossa. It enables both to highlight the effectiveness and identify the weakness related to those elements on the urban space. In this sense, this thesis proposes to understand the open spaces, green areas and spatial dynamics of the vegetal coverage of the Ponta Grossa's urban area.To accomplish this, it recurs to bibliographical review, data generation and to identify both tipology and spatialization of green areas as well as to evaluate its availability to the public. The thesis classifies Ponta Grossa's vegetation and analysis its distribution along 2004. In this context, it quantifies open spaces and green areas per borough by means of geotechnologies. In the aforementioned year, Ponta Grossa had 172,59 km² of urban area and 266,683 habitants. In turn, vegetal coverage had 49% of the entire urban area and presented an index of 319,3 m²/habitant. Finally, open space had an area of 2,5% composed by 230 spaces, they are: 132 sport fields, 63 public squares, 4 parks, 6 cemeteries and 8 clubs; with an index of 16,4 m²/habitant. In summary, in spite of the fact the numeric results for each category can be classified as satisfactory, their distribution can not and might impairing their effectiveness. / A avaliação da distribuição da cobertura vegetal, espaços livres e áreas verdes em cidades médias como Ponta Grossa-PR, constitui uma parte importante a ser considerada no planejamento nas cidades em desenvolvimento. Essa avaliação permite identificar as fragilidades e apontar a eficácia das funções que eles desempenham no espaço urbano. Dentro deste contexto, a presente dissertação se propõe a compreender a dinâmica espacial da cobertura vegetal, espaços livres e áreas verdes na área urbana de Ponta Grossa por meio da identificação da tipologia das áreas verdes, espacialização das mesmas e avaliação da disponibilidade à população, a partir de revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de dados e utilização de geotecnologias. Foi analisada a distribuição da cobertura vegetal, espaços livres e áreas verdes para o ano de 2004 na área urbana de Ponta Grossa bem como, realizada a classificação dessa cobertura vegetal. Foram realizadas quantificações dos espaços livres e áreas verdes por bairro, além de apontadas as disponibilidades dos mesmos, a partir de produtos gerados pelas geotecnologias. Neste período, a área urbana correspondia a 172,59 km² e contava com 266.683 habitantes. Verificou-se que a cobertura vegetal ocupava 49% do total da área urbana, com um índice de 319,3 m²/habitante. Os espaços livres ocupavam 2,5% de área composto por 230 espaços dos quais: 132 campos de esportes, 63 praças, 4 parques, 6 cemitérios e 8 clubes de lazer, com um índice de 16,4 m²/habitante. As áreas verdes ocupavam 2% distribuídos em 102 espaços com índice de 13m²/habitante. Embora os resultados numéricos para cada categoria sejam indicadores positivos, a distribuição compromete a sua eficácia.

O trabalho analisa a cidade de Araguari, localizada na região do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, a partir do processo de configuração do seu sistema de espaços livres de edificação. Apresenta-se o processo socioespacial de sua constituição, baseado em um resgate da evolução de sua forma urbana e dos determinantes físicos, políticos e econômicos que a moldaram. Avalia-se a gestão da paisagem urbana, seus atuais agentes de produção, e a urbanidade do sistema de espaços livres em duas escalas, da mancha urbana e das unidades de paisagem, orientada por quatro aspectos: adequação, centralidade, densidade e conectividade. Observou-se que a qualidade dos espaços livres em muito se difere nas diferentes unidades de paisagem da cidade, seja nos aspectos qualitativos, seja na distribuição, evidenciando uma clara disparidade centro-periferia. No entanto, é possível conferir à cidade um incremento de sua urbanidade a partir do reconhecimento e valorização de seu sistema de espaços livres, tanto na cidade consolidada, quanto nas novas áreas de urbanização. / The research analyzes the city of Araguari, located in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, from the process of your open spaces system configuration. It presents the socio-spatial process constitution, based on a bailout of the urban form evolution and the physical and economic determinants that have shaped. Assesses the management of the urban landscape, its current agents of production, and the open spaces system urbanity in two scales, the urban sprawl and the landscape units, guided by four aspects: adequacy, density, centrality and connectivity. It was observed that the open spaces quality much differs in different landscape units, either in qualitative aspects or distribution, showing a clear center-periphery disparity. However, it\'s possible give the city a urbanity increased from the recognition and appreciation of your open spaces system, both in the consolidated city, as the new developments.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

This thesis provides an overview of the public open space policy for Durban and surroundings. The focus of the research is the sustainability of the open space policy with special emphasis on the integration of the natural environment, social aspects and economic factors within the open space system itself. Through this dissertation an attempt was made to ascertain to what extent the Open Space Policy of the Durban Metropolitan Area is sustainable. In order to achieve this it was necessary to specifically consider the status quo of the current open space policies internationally and locally with emphasis on the ecologically orientated Durban Metropolitan Open Space System. More appropriate public open space within the natural environment and urban context was considered, especially in respect of social needs and the aspirations and perceptions of communities with regards parks, sports fields, play areas, community areas, urban agriculture and natural areas. Social aspects, such as public participation and education, and economic implications were also investigated and considered. In order to locate this work theoretically and contextually, current planning theory and sustainable development was analysed. In addition existing policies, initiatives and strategies responsible for shaping development and consequently the local public open space policy in the Durban Metropolitan area were investigated. The dissertation argues that the success of a 'sustainable' policy is ultimately based in collaborative planning and implementation as well as appropriate management of the system. Current theory pertaining to sustainable management in the form of private / public partnerships was investigated and tested through selected case studies in Westville and Clermont. This dissertation concludes that sustainability is a process and that the public open space policy of the Durban Metropolitan Area, although attempting to achieve overall sustainability requires to address specifically, social needs and more appropriate collaborative planning and management strategies. Broad strategies to achieve this were considered and guidelines for a more sustainable public open space were proposed. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1998.

This project was conducted with the view of extending the Durban Municipal Open Space System into surrounding municipalities. It was aimed at adopting a holistic approach to nature conservation by providing for the needs of the current human population whilst ensuring the long term survival of representative natural biota of the area. A preliminary study was conducted to: provide a basis for a more detailed vegetation survey; to assess the current public open space areas and to determine the land use history of the area. The vegetation was categorised into 14 community types and mapped to provide the basis for more detailed sampling. A survey of public open spaces revealed that most of the public parks were not providing for the needs of the local residents and that nature reserves and sports fields were more popular than conventional public parks. The land use history study revealed that the study area has been utilised for: cultivation; grazing; market gardening and more recently residential and industrial development purposes. A vegetation survey using phytosociological methods revealed that the vegetation in Queensburgh was dominated by alien invasive plant species although pockets of indigenous vegetation did occur. Drawing from the principles of reticular biogeography an open space system was designed using the information gained from the vegetation survey and preliminary study. The design included: 4 core areas where conservation was a priority; 3 corridors linking the core areas and a number of buffer areas. A general management plan was subsequently developed for the system. Management suggestions were concerned with: ecological; economical and sociological aspects. The open space system offers Queensburgh the opportunity to contribute to the national reconstruction and development program (RDP) by upgrading the current standard of living of the local residents without compromising the natural resources available to future generations. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, 1994.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the problems associated with open spaces and nature areas in Paarl. The attitudes and needs of Paarlites towards these open spaces were also assessed. A comparison was then made with area specific crime statistics to assess the actual safety of these problem areas. The needs of the community are stated according to the needs assessment. This study was conducted to ensure the sustained conservation of open spaces and nature areas, and to ensure that the needs of the community are met. The public use of these areas should also jusitfy the financial input required for maintenance and up grading of these areas. This study tried by means of an investigation into the needs, patterns of use and attitudes of Paarlites, and a comparison with the true crime statistics of the relevant areas to ascertain whether these areas are truly problematic. If public opinion about the safety of these areas cannot be substantiated, people can be lured back into using these areas. The open spaces and nature areas in Paarl is underutilized. This is due to the inadequate nature of the areas in terms of the needs of the respondents, the discontentment of the respondents because of their perceptions about the poor maintenance of the areas, the activities that take place there, and the general perception of the areas as unsafe. There were only two areas that could be perceived as unsafe after research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie lewer 'n ondersoek na die probleme geassosieer met oopruimtes en natuurgebiede in die Paarl. Daar is ook onder Paarliete 'n houdings- en behoeftebepaling aangaande hulle oopruimtes gedoen en 'n vergelyking is met area spesifieke misdaadstatistieke getref om sodoende 'n gevolgtrekking te maak oor die areas se daadwerklike veiligheid. Die gemeenskap se behoeftes is na aanleiding van die behoeftebepaling weergegee. Hierdie studie is gedoen om die volhoubaarheid en bewaring van oopruimtes en natuurgebiede te verseker, en te sorg dat die gemeenskap se behoeftes bevredig word. Die benutting van die areas moet, relatief tot die finansiële insette verbonde aan die instandhouding en voortbestaan van die areas, voldoende wees. Hierdie werkstuk poog om deur middel van 'n ondersoek na die Paarliete se gebruike, houdings en behoeftes 'n vergelyking met die beskikbare statistieke van oopruimtes en natuurgebiede te tref om sodoende te bepaal of die areas werklik probleemareas is. As die openbare mening oor die areas se veiligheid nie gesubstansieer word nie, kan mense teruggelok word om hierdie areas te benut. Die ondersoek het bevind dat die Paarlse oopruimtes en natuurgebiede onderbenut word. Dit kan daaraan toegeskryf word dat die areas nie in die respondente se behoeftes voldoen nie; die respondente ontevrede is as gevolg van hulle persepsies oor die swak instandhouding van die areas; die aktiwiteite wat daarop plaasvind, asook die algemene persepsie dat die areas onveilig is. Die navorsing toon egter dat daar slegs twee areas is wat as onveilig beskou kan word.