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Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-22T17:02:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Manfredini Bueno_.pdf: 3882428 bytes, checksum: 21f15ed53f487897437091a0f77fdfc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-22T17:02:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Manfredini Bueno_.pdf: 3882428 bytes, checksum: 21f15ed53f487897437091a0f77fdfc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / itt Performance - Instituto Tecnológico em Desempenho da Construção Civil / Situações de incêndio possuem um grande potencial destrutivo para a sociedade. Um esforço significativo tem sido feito no Brasil para a avaliação da resistência ao fogo de alguns elementos. Entretanto, em relação às paredes de vedação ou com função estrutural, compostas por alvenarias de tijolos ou blocos, gesso ou concreto, há poucos estudos acadêmicos no país em escala real e ainda não foram feitas pesquisas com elementos de instalações prediais no interior de sistemas de compartimentação. Isto evidencia a importância desta pesquisa que buscou avaliar a resistência ao fogo de paredes através da ABNT NBR 10636: 1989, verificando a influência de aberturas destinadas a instalações elétricas e hidráulicas. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram confeccionadas amostras em escala real e ensaiadas no forno vertical do Instituto Tecnológico em Desempenho e Construção Civil (itt Performance), levando em consideração a curva de aquecimento padrão ISO 834/99 para verificação dos critérios de estabilidade, estanqueidade e isolamento térmico. A amostra referência (P-1) fora executada com blocos cerâmicos e revestimento argamassado, não possuindo instalação predial e, para fins de comparação, a amostra 2 (P-2) possuía aberturas com dimensões de 120 mm x 80 mm, contendo caixas de PVC para tomadas e componentes elétricos e a amostra 3 (P-3) aberturas de diâmetro 30 mm no ponto de saída de água das instalações hidráulicas. Durante a etapa de caracterização dos materiais, foram encontradas variações nas propriedades da argamassas utilizadas no revestimento das amostras. Conforme os resultados experimentais, todas as paredes mantiveram sua estabilidade e estanqueidade durante os 240 minutos de ensaio, entretanto, a capacidade de isolar termicamente foi comprometida em determinado instante. A P-1, P-2 e P-3 foram qualificadas como TRF 134 minutos, TRF 124 minutos e P-3 com TRF 193 minutos, respectivamente. O desempenho da amostra referência (P-1) foi comprometido devido ao desplacamento do revestimento argamassado e o lascamento dos blocos cerâmicos no decorrer do ensaio, o que também ocorreu na P-2. Logo, não se pode isolar os efeitos combinados da dilatação térmica diferencial, do desplacamento do revestimento, lascamento do substrato cerâmico, das propriedades dos materiais empregados, assim como da transferência de calor pelas aberturas nas amostras com instalações, que influenciaram no desempenho das paredes. Concluiu-se que, nas regiões com aberturas de instalações prediais que permitem a passagem de gases quentes, a superfície não exposta às altas temperaturas perde sua capacidade de isolamento em um menor tempo em comparação à superfície no entorno, o que reduz a resistência ao fogo de sistemas de compartimentação / Fire situations have great destructive potential for society. A significant effort has been made in Brazil to evaluate the fire resistance of some elements. However, regarding walls, composed of masonry bricks or blocks, plaster or concrete, there are few national academic studies in full scale and no research has been done with elements of buildings built inside partitioning systems. This implies the urge of this research that sought to evaluate the performance of compartmentation walls with a fire resistance rate function, verifying the influence of openings for electrical and hydraulic installations. In order to reach the proposed objective, full scale samples were constructed and tested according to the ABNT NBR 10636:1989 in the vertical furnace of the Technological Institute in Civil Construction Performance (itt Performance - UNISINOS), taking into consideration the ISO 834/14 standard heating curve to verify stability, sealing and thermal insulation criteria. The reference sample (P-1) was performed with clay blocks and coating mortar, without any type of building installation, and for comparison purposes, sample 2 (P-2) contained openings with dimensions of 120 mm x 80 mm, containing electrical installations and sample 3 (P-3) openings of 30 mm diameter for hydraulic installations. During the materials characterization stage, there were variations in the properties of the mortars used in the coating of the samples. According to the experimental results, all systems maintained their stability and sealing during the 240 minutes of test, however, the ability to thermally insultating was compromised at a certain moment. P- 1, P-2 and P-3 were qualified as TRF 134 minutes, TRF 124 minutes and P-3 with TRF 193 minutes, respectively. The performance of the reference sample (P-1) was compromised due to the mortar coating displacement and spalling of the blocks. Therefore, it is not possible to isolate the combined effects of the thermal expansion, coating displacement, spalling of the ceramic blocks, the properties of the materials employed, as well as the heat transfer from the openings in the samples with installations, which influenced in the performance of the walls. It was concluded that in regions with openings of building installations that allow the passage of hot gases, the surface not exposed to high temperatures loses its insulation capacity in a shorter time compared to the surrounding surface, which reduces the fire resistance of the compartmentation systems.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T14:06:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tania Regina Mendonça - 2018.pdf: 7408057 bytes, checksum: 3ed8b468852062a6967ad5585f9548d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-05T12:48:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tania Regina Mendonça - 2018.pdf: 7408057 bytes, checksum: 3ed8b468852062a6967ad5585f9548d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T12:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tania Regina Mendonça - 2018.pdf: 7408057 bytes, checksum: 3ed8b468852062a6967ad5585f9548d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This research aims to analyze the verbal and non-verbal texts that make up the openings of the units of the High Up English didactic collection. Approved by the National Textbook Plan - PNLD 2015, recommended for high school, organized by the authors Reinildes Dias; Leina Juca and Raquel Faria. For this, the Systemic-Functional Grammar (HALLIDAY, 1994) ; (HALLIDAY and MATTHIESSEN, 2004) is in coherence with the multimodal texts from the perspective of theVisual Design Grammar (KRESS and VAN LEEUWEN, 2000). Based on these authors, it is hoped to find out if the study of the English language in a public school in the city of Pires do Rio - Goiás offers a variety of interpretations through the engravings and gives the students, according to the theme of the unit, reflect and discuss the images and phrases presented on said pages of unit openings. In addition to the multimodal analysis, the verbal that follow the unit openings were analyzed from the METHOD of Interpersonal Metaphor and analysis of the occurrences of the processes by the Ideational Metaphor, through the computer program called WordSmith Tools 7. It is a qualitative and quantitative research (DORNYEI, 2007) that relates theory, context and research questions. For the analysis of the corpus that composes this study, the data were selected, in consonance with the theoretical contribution of Visual Design Linguistic and Systemic- Functional Linguistic. / Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar os textos, verbais e não-verbais, que compõem as aberturas das unidades da coleção didática de inglês High Up, aprovado pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD 2015, recomendado para o Ensino Médio, organizado pelas autoras Reinildes Dias; Leina Juca e Raquel Faria. Para tanto é utilizada a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994); (HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004) esta em coadunação com textos multimodais na perspectiva da Gramática de Design Visual (KRESS e VAN LEEUWEN, 2000). Com base nesses autores, espera-se averiguar se o estudo da língua inglesa em uma escola pública da cidade de Pires do Rio - Goiás disponibiliza uma variedade de interpretações, por meio das gravuras e oportuniza aos alunos, de acordo com o tema da unidade, refletir e discutir sobre as imagens e frases apresentadas das referidas páginas de aberturas das unidades. Além das análises multimodais, os textos verbais que seguem as aberturas de unidades foram analisadas a partir do sistema de MODO da Metafunção Interpessoal e análise das ocorrências dos processos pela Metafunção Ideacional, por meio do programa computacional WordSmith Tool 7. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali- quantitativa (DORNYEI, 2007) que relaciona teoria, contexto e perguntas de pesquisa. Para a análise do corpus que compõe este estudo, os dados foram selecionados, em consonância com o aporte teórico da Linguística de Design Visual e da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional.

Un terreno sin duda históricamente poco transitado en el campo de la teoría fílmica es el estudio de los títulos de crédito cinematográficos y el análisis de su relevancia como instrumento de valor semiótico en su dialéctica con el universo narrativo del discurso audiovisual al que va ligado. En este sentido, las series de televisión dramáticas norteamericanas contemporáneas, del mismo modo que recogen muchos de los aspectos formales y narrativos del cine, subvirtiendo algunos de ellos, y retroalimentándolo nuevamente, configuran un escenario simbiótico de sumo interés a la hora de profundizar en sus títulos de créditos iniciales, definidos y teorizados en la presente tesis como openings. Asimismo, la articulación que estas partículas narrativas establecen con la ordenación y la estructura intra e inter episódica de cada serie, así como con otras piezas estratégicas características de este texto audiovisual "previously, teaser, pre-opening, cliffhanger, pre-ending, ending" y el estudio de su morfología, requieren la necesidad de elaborar una minuciosa taxonomía que contribuya a su análisis. La presente tesis se ampara en el establecimiento La presente tesis se ampara en la confirmación o refutación de una hipótesis que pone a prueba la aplicación práctica de unas herramientas de estudio sobre estas partículas narrativas y estructurales de las series de televisión, engendrando así una suerte de metodología de microanálisis fílmico.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de développer une approche analytique permettant de définir la charge ultime d’une poutre cellulaire à ouvertures sinusoïdales. En effet, l’évolution des techniques de production a permis le développement d’une nouvelle forme de poutre cellulaire munie d’ouvertures sinusoïdales : la poutre AngelinaTM. Cette nouvelle forme d’ouverture implique de nouveaux modes de ruine. De ce fait, en vue de développer un modèle de calcul analytique adapté à cette nouvelle forme d’ouverture, une campagne d’essais expérimentaux a été menée sur des poutres cellulaires à ouvertures sinusoïdales à grande échelle (≈10m). Au travers de ces études expérimentales sur trois configurations de poutre, nous avons montré que le principal mode de ruine est lié à la flexion Vierendeel. En effet, la flexion locale des membrures de l’ouverture la plus sollicitée engendre soit la formation de 4 rotules plastiques aux 4 coins de l’ouverture, soit l’instabilité locale des parois d’âme comprimées. Un modèle aux éléments finis a été développé sur le logiciel SAFIR afin d’analyser les différents modes de ruines observés. Ce modèle a été validé sur la base des résultats expérimentaux et nous a permis d’identifier deux points particuliers : d’une part l’existence d’un maintien rotationnel entre le montant intermédiaire et la paroi d’ouverture et d’autre part, la ruine de l’ouverture ne se produit qu’au travers d’un mécanisme combinant les ruines des différents quarts d’ouverture. Une seconde campagne d’études expérimentales et numériques a ensuite été menée sur des parties isolées, extraites des poutres préalablement testées, afin d’étudier de manière locale le comportement à la flexion des quarts d’ouverture. Ces études ont servi à valider un second modèle aux éléments finis, développé sur le logiciel Cast3m. Celui-ci nous a permis, au travers d’une étude paramétrique, de quantifier le maintien rotationnel apporté par le montant intermédiaire sur la paroi d’âme d’ouverture adjacente. Cette étude a confirmé l’importance de la rigidité apportée par le montant intermédiaire aux parois d’âme adjacente. Ainsi, cet apport de rigidité doit être pris en compte dans l’approche analytique pour définir de manière réaliste la résistance au voilement local des différentes parties d’une ouverture sinusoïdale. Finalement, cette thèse a abouti au développement d’un nouveau modèle analytique de calcul de la résistance ultime des parois d’une ouverture sinusoïdale. Du fait des éventuelles instabilités locales, le modèle analytique s’est appuyé sur des éléments théoriques de stabilité des plaques. De plus, une étude numérique détaillée du mécanisme de ruine d’une ouverture isolée nous a permis de justifier une approche cinématique de ruine de l’ouverture sinusoïdale. Cette approche combine les résistances ultimes des différents quarts d’ouverture. Le modèle analytique proposé permet de considérer à la fois la résistance ultime de chaque partie de l’ouverture et leurs modes de ruine. Une étude comparative avec des résultats numériques a montré que ce modèle est fiable et représentatif de la réalité pour caractériser l’état limite ultime des poutres cellulaires à ouvertures sinusoïdales. / The aim of this thesis is to develop an analytical approach so as to define the ultimate failure load of cellular beams with sinusoidal openings. Indeed, the evolution of the conception techniques led to the development of a new opening shape for cellular beams: the sinusoidal openings (AngelinaTM beam). This new opening shape involves new failure modes at ultimate limit state and cannot be calculated with existing methods. Thus, experimental tests have been carried out on full scale cellular beams with sinusoidal openings (≈10m span). It has been shown, through those experimental studies led on three beam configurations, that the main failure mode is linked to the Vierendeel mechanism. At ultimate limit state, the local bending of the members of the most stressed opening leads to either the formation of four plastic hinges or the local buckling of the compressed opening web panels. A finite element model has been developed on the software SAFIR in order to better understand the different observed failure modes. This model has been validated on the basis of the experimental results and allowed identifying two main points: firstly, the existence of a rotational restraint between the intermediate web-post and the opening web panel and secondly, the failure of the sinusoidal opening corresponds to a mechanism combining the failure of each opening quarters. A second experimental and numerical test campaign has been conducted on isolated parts of the previous tested beams, in order to study locally the behavior of the opening quarters under local bending. Those studies allowed validating a finite element model developed on Cast3m software. This model has been used for a parametrical study which allowed quantifying the rotational restraint supplied by the intermediate web-post on the adjacent opening panel. This study confirmed the importance of the stiffness supplied by the intermediate web-post to the opening panels. Thus, it has to be taken into account to get a representative analytical failure load of each opening quarter. Finally, this thesis led to the development of a new analytical model for the calculation of the ultimate strength of the different opening parts. Due to the possible local buckling, the model is based on theoretical elements on the stability of plates. Furthermore, a detailed numerical study of the mechanism of failure of an isolated opening allowed justifying a cinematic approach for the failure of the opening. This approach combines the ultimate strength of each opening parts. The proposed analytical model permits to consider each opening quarter failure mode and strength. A comparative study with finite element results has showed that this model is reliable and representative of reality for defining the ultimate limit state of cellular beams with sinusoidal openings.

Dans cette thèse, nous présentons de nouvelles méthodes de traitement d’images pourextraire ou rehausser les éléments fins d’une image. Pour ces opérateurs, issus de la morphologie mathématique,l’accent a été mis principalement sur la précision de détection et sur le temps de calcul,qui doivent être optimisés pour pouvoir répondre aux contraintes de temps imposées par différentesapplications industrielles. La première partie de ce mémoire présente ces méthodes, organisées enfonction de la tortuosité des objets à détecter. Nous commençons par proposer un algorithme rapidepour le calcul des ouvertures 1-D afin d’extraire des structures rectilignes des images. Puis, nous étudionsune nouvelle classe d’opérateurs rapides avec les ouvertures parcimonieuses par chemins, permettantd’analyser des structures ayant une tortuosité modérée. Enfin, nous proposons de nouveauxéléments structurants adaptatifs et des filtres connexes construits avec des attributs géodésiques etgéométriques pour extraire des structures filiformes ayant une tortuosité quelconque.Dans un second temps, nous avons développé une méthode d’analyse statistique en introduisantune nouvelle pénalisation adaptative. L’objectif consiste à créer un modèle prédictif précis, quiminimise en même temps une fonction de coût, indépendante des données. Lorsque cette fonctionde coût est liée au temps de calcul de chaque descripteur, il est alors possible de créer un modèleparcimonieux précis et qui minimise les temps de calcul. Cette méthode est une généralisation desrégressions linéaires et logistiques Ridge, Forward stagewise, Lar, ou Lasso.Les algorithmes développés dans cette thèse ont été utilisés pour trois applications industrielles,très différentes les unes des autres, mais toutes faisant intervenir une approche multidisciplinaire : letraitement d’images et l’analyse statistique. L’association de ces deux disciplines permet d’améliorerla généricité des stratégies proposées puisque les opérateurs de traitement d’images alliés à un apprentissagesupervisé ou non supervisé, permettent d’adapter le traitement à chaque application.Mots clés : Traitement d’images, morphologie mathématique, analyse statistique, caractérisation deformes, contrôles non destructifs, ouvertures parcimonieuses par chemins, region growing structuringelements, amincissements par attributs géodésiques et topologiques, adaptive coefficient shrinkage. / This PhD is dedicated to new image processing methods to extract or enhance thinobjects from an image. These methods stem from mathematical morphology, and they mainly focuson the accuracy of the detection and on the computation time. This second constraint is imposed bythe fact that we are dealing with high-throughput applications. The first part of this thesis presentsthese methods, organized according to the tortuosity of the objects to detect. We first propose afast algorithm for the computation of 1-D openings, used to extract thin and straight structures in theimages. Then, we study a new class of fast operators, parsimonious path openings, which can extractthin structures with moderate tortuosities. Finally, we propose new adaptive structuring elementsand new thinnings with geodesic and geometric attributes to filter out the noise and to enhance thinstructures of any tortuosity.Besides, we have developed a machine learning method by introducing a new adaptive penalization.We aim at creating a predictive model that minimizes a cost function (independent of the data)while preserving a good accuracy. When this cost function is linked to the computation time of eachfeature, the resulting models will optimize the timings, while preserving a good accuracy. This methodis a generalization of linear and logistic regressions with Ridge, Forward stagewise, Lar or Lassopenalization.The algorithms developed in this thesis have been used for three industrial applications. While theirobjectives are very different, the framework is the same (non-destructive testing) and they all involvea multidisciplinary approach (images processing and statistical analysis). The combination of thesetwo fields yields a higher flexibility in comparison with classical methods. Generic strategies are used,since image processing operators are associated to statistical learning (supervised or unsupervised)to make a specific treatment for each application.Keywords: Image processing, mathematical morphology, statistical analysis, pattern recognition,non destructive testing, parsimonious path openings, region growing structuring elements, geodesicand topologic attributes thinnings, adaptive coefficient shrinkage.

Hurricane is one of the most destructive and costly natural hazard to the built environment and its impact on low-rise buildings, particularity, is beyond acceptable. The major objective of this research was to perform a parametric evaluation of internal pressure (IP) for wind-resistant design of low-rise buildings and wind-driven natural ventilation applications. For this purpose, a multi-scale experimental, i.e. full-scale at Wall of Wind (WoW) and small-scale at Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT), and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach was adopted. This provided new capability to assess wind pressures realistically on internal volumes ranging from small spaces formed between roof tiles and its deck to attic to room partitions. Effects of sudden breaching, existing dominant openings on building envelopes as well as compartmentalization of building interior on the IP were systematically investigated. Results of this research indicated: (i) for sudden breaching of dominant openings, the transient overshooting response was lower than the subsequent steady state peak IP and internal volume correction for low-wind-speed testing facilities was necessary. For example a building without volume correction experienced a response four times faster and exhibited 30-40% lower mean and peak IP; (ii) for existing openings, vent openings uniformly distributed along the roof alleviated, whereas one sided openings aggravated the IP; (iii) larger dominant openings exhibited a higher IP on the building envelope, and an off-center opening on the wall exhibited (30-40%) higher IP than center located openings; (iv) compartmentalization amplified the intensity of IP and; (v) significant underneath pressure was measured for field tiles, warranting its consideration during net pressure evaluations. The study aimed at wind driven natural ventilation indicated: (i) the IP due to cross ventilation was 1.5 to 2.5 times higher for Ainlet/Aoutlet>1 compared to cases where Ainlet/AoutletCFD based IP responses. Comparisons with ASCE 7-10 consistently demonstrated that the code underestimated peak positive and suction IP.

The subject of diploma thesis is the construction of technical project documentation for building realization - Multifunctional building in the town of. The object has three floors with residential attic and basement garage. The land is in the city center Uherské Hradiště and This is a building in the vacant space between existing objects. Construction is rectangular in shape, roofed with a gable roof and is designed from traditional building materials.

An integrated experimental and numerical research program investigating the elastic and inelastic performance as well as the kinematic behaviour of shearwalls with openings is presented in this study. The influence of the geometrical dimensions of the wall configurations and the mechanical properties and configurations of hold-downs on both elastic and inelastic behaviours including the possible kinematic modes of the shearwalls are investigated. The research also proposes the concept of equivalent-frame-model applicable for shearwalls where openings are cut-out from CLT panels. Are also presented, five racking tests performed on full scale CLT walls in order to validate the numerical models as well as the equivalent frame model. From review of the available literature emerges that for CLT shearwalls with openings, studies are not at the same level of abundance in research compared to walls without openings, due to the simple reason that SSW is generally a widespread technique. Thus, the kinematic behaviour and the coupling effect are inexistent and presented here. The investigations of the wall’s behaviour in the elastic and inelastic ranges demonstrate the important effect of the lintel and wall segment slenderness as well as the hold-down stiffness effect on the mechanical behaviour and the global kinematic behaviour as well. It is found that the kinematic modes can change when the walls are stressed beyond their elasticity limit. The failure mode and the global ductility are highly dependent on the hold-down configurations particularly for walls with door openings. The degree of coupling decrease with increased hold-down stiffness and the wall segment width. With regards to the equivalent frame model, a reasonable fit is found between the proposed EFM and a detailed 2D area element model when the global elastic stiffness and tensile load in the hold-down were compared. The model is successfully validated through five full-scale tests on CLT shearwalls with door or window opening as well as two published studies on walls with door openings. The EFM is capable of predicting the behaviour in the wall with reasonable accuracy, especially for walls whose behaviour was dominated by the hold-down behaviour.