Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ib_dr_mar.pdf: 503130 bytes, checksum: 74be9fb12614db585bc3148fc92aab40 (MD5) / A noção de tempo é considerada um conteúdo bastante complexo e que apresenta dificuldade de ser apreendido. Da mesma forma, as expressões lingüísticas de tempo apresentam sérias dificuldades em relação ao seu emprego na língua. A questão epistemológica que se coloca é se a aprendizagem desses conteúdos dependem da linguagem verbal. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar as relações entre o desenvolvimento da noção temporal e as manifestações lingüísticas de tempo e verificar se a estimulação da narrativa oral, conceituada como uma estrutura discursiva disponível na língua que se caracteriza por predicados de ação, favorece essa assimilação. A pesquisa teórica visou compreender como ocorre o desenvolvimento da noção temporal segundo a teoria piagetiana e como se manifesta lingüisticamente a expressão de tempo no português do Brasil. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada com um grupo de cinco crianças de 8 e 9 anos da rede estadual de ensino e constou de três procedimentos, sendo que os procedimentos 1 e 3 foram realizados individualmente com cada criança e o procedimento 2 foi realizado em grupo: (1) avaliação da noção temporal e gravação das narrativas orais expressas por meio de solicitação feita pelo pesquisador às crianças; (2) realização de uma proposta de intervenção em grupo com um total de 56 encontros em um período de nove meses, na qual utilizava a narrativa oral como recurso metodológico para a tomada de consciência da noção de tempo e das manifestações de expressões lingüísticas de tempo; (3) aplicação do procedimento 1 após a intervenção. A análise dos dados coletados identificou que as cinco crianças desenvolveram a noção temporal no decorrer da proposta de intervenção e que também passaram a empregar as expressões lingüísticas de tempo em maior quantidade... / The temporal concept is a content difficult to be learned. Linguistic expressions of time also present serious difficulties regarding their use. The epistemological issue which arises is whether learning these contents depend on verbal language. The purpose of this work is to analyse the relationships between the temporal concept and the time linguistic manifestations and investigate whether stimulation of oral narrative that is characterised by action predicates, acts in favour of such an assimilation. The theoretical one aimed at understanding how temporal concept development occurs according to Piaget, and how time expression manifests itself linguistically in Brazilian Portuguese. The empirical phase took place with a group of five children of 8 and 9 years attending a public state school, and consisted of three procedures, the first and the third ones being done with each child and the second with the whole group working together: (1) assessing of temporal concepts and recording of oral narratives expressed by the children; (2) carrying out an intervention scheme in group during 56 meetings lasting for 9 months, in which oral narrative was used as a methodological tool to get the children become aware of the temporal concept and the time linguistic expressions manifestations; (3) application of procedure (1) after intervention. Collected data analysis showed that the children had developed the temporal concept during intervention scheme, and that they had also started to use linguistic expressions of time in greater quantity and in a way much closer to standard Portuguese. Conclusions pointed up that oral narrative favours the development of both the concept of physical time and manifestation of time linguistic expressions as far as it is operated in order to make possible the actions co-ordinations necessary and specific to assimilation of each one of these two acquirements...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Santos.pdf: 1686036 bytes, checksum: e4ce7cd3295884085d6c14f8e03f53d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / The research presented here makes a literary reading of the myths Baniwa,Arawak - speaking people from the upper Rio Negro in Amazonas State, collected by a group of researchers in the period 2004 to 2005. The reading in order to know the thoughts and feelings that people is maked in theoretical literature focused on the oral narratives and popular discussion, from theorists of anthropology, history and Greek mythology, the concepts of myth and his relationship with the narrative of indigenous oral tradition, specifically the Baniwa. The content of mythical narratives in question is facing the fishery and refers to the relationship between cosmology, humans and protohumans essential for the socio-cultural life Baniwa / A pesquisa aqui apresentada faz uma leitura literária dos mitos Baniwa, povo aruak - falante da região do Alto Rio Negro, no Estado do Amazonas, coletados por um grupo de pesquisadores no período de 2004 a 2005. A leitura, visando a conhecer os pensamentos e sentimentos desse povo, está aportada nos teóricos da literatura voltados para a narrativa oral e popular, discutindo, a partir de teóricos da antropologia, da história e da mitologia grega, conceitos de mito e a relação dele com a narrativa dos povos indígenas de tradição oral, especificamente os Baniwa. O conteúdo mítico das narrativas em análise está voltado para a atividade pesqueira e remete à relação entre a cosmologia, seres humanos e proto-humanos, essencial para a vida sócio-cultural Baniwa

Students who speak local varieties (i.e., dialects) of English that differ from the codified variety promoted in school are at a disadvantage. Research illustrates that differences in sound systems, grammar, vocabulary, and usage can negatively affect literacy development and achievement in math and science, and lead to misunderstandings and changes in teacher attitudes toward students. Moreover, the use of inappropriate assessment tools may result in unnecessary pathologization and inappropriate pedagogical approaches. Since many Indigenous children may speak local varieties, it is reasonable to assume that the same issues that hinder school success for speakers of other varieties affect many Indigenous students in Canada in similar ways. However, to date, research concerning Indigenous Englishes in Canada is scant. Similarly, virtually no empirical evidence has been gathered on use in Canadian schools. By extension, the trajectory of use of features as children progress through grades remains unknown. The goal of this research was to begin to address the crucial necessity of learning more about Indigenous English varieties, in order that appropriate language assessment and pedagogical practices can be implemented. The research, conducted in a remote community in Northern British Columbia, Canada, concentrates on differences in grammar used by a group of First Nations school-aged children. I analyzed oral narrative language samples of Kindergarteners, and oral and written narrative language samples of students in Kindergarten to Grade 5, over a three-year period. Results reveal the presence of at least 23 distinct grammatical features, many of which may have been influenced by the structure of the ancestral language. At school entry, students used grammatical features at high rates, regardless of whether or not they later required speech-language pathology or special education services. As children progressed through the grades, the rate at which they produced features appeared to follow a curvilinear trajectory, declining until grades 3 and 4 and then gradually rising again in middle school. A preference for using shorter sentences with less use of subordination and embedding of clauses also appears to be a feature of this variety. Most of the features the children used in their speech, they also used in their writing. Children had the most difficulty switching to standard English forms of verb tense, and so verb tense may require more direct instruction. While my results may not be directly generalizable to other First Nations communities, it is anticipated that educators will use them as a guide in their practice and instruction, so they can cease confusing features of a local variety with errors requiring “correction”, avoid unnecessary pathologization, and adjust expectations regarding the rate at which children can be expected to acquire the codified standard language model. It is also hoped that this study will contribute to the preservation and celebration of the unique ways of speaking English that have evolved in northern communities. / Graduate / 2021-09-16

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[pt] Esta dissertação faz uma análise da transposição da narrativa oral de pessoas da terceira idade para os desenhos infantis por um processo empírico onde observamos a produção de 453 desenhos de alunos em escolas municipais do Rio de Janeiro. Configurados a partir de histórias da infância dos idosos, esses desenhos foram objeto de estudo em relação à criatividade, à narratividade e à memória que possibilitaram a representação dos elementos dessas histórias. A idéia é averiguar a influência do tempo entre a escuta e o desenho, a interferência do processo de ensino e aprendizagem no espaço escolar e a relação do sujeito com os materiais desta transposição, levando em conta a cultura, o contexto e o nível de expertise dos sujeitos. / [en] This dissertation analyses the process of transposition of aged peoples oral narrative to childrens drawings, by an empirical work where we were able to analyse 453 drawings made by pupils from Rio de Janeiro schools.Inpired by the childhood stories of the aged collaborators, these drawings show narrative capacities, creative qualities and the memory of these stories. The intention is to understand time influences between the period listening to the stories and the transposed drawing. The interference of the teaching and learning process on the drawings, made in a school enviroment and, finally, the relation between the individual and the materials available for this transposition, taking into account the culture, the environment and the level of expertise.

No description available.

Master of Arts / Department of Modern Languages / Mary T. Copple / This study investigates the effectiveness of visuals in the language classroom. Two types of visual aids commonly used in the language classroom, video and still pictures, are used to elicit narratives from L2 English speakers, and these narratives are subsequently compared. The data come from eleven international students from a university English Language Program, who voluntarily participated in two separate 15-minute interviews. In each interview session, they were shown either a series of pictures or a video, both depicting a story. Upon completion of the presentation of each visual, participants were asked a prompt question and their narration of the events portrayed in the visuals recorded. The narratives were transcribed and analyzed in order to test (1) if still pictures and video are equally effective in eliciting elaboration in the narratives, defined in this case, as the number of new referents introduced and the number of adjective and verb types produced; and (2) if exposure to still pictures and video elicit narrations of similar length. Both kinds of visuals stimulated learners to create narratives and elaborate on what had been shown in them. The video task elicited narratives roughly 10% longer than the picture task in regards to the raw number of words. When linguistic factors were compared, participants introduced new referents at comparable rates in both tasks while they employed 10% more verb types in the video task. Additionally, the series of still pictures prompted participants to employ a much higher number of adjective types. These observations suggest that a series of still pictures are an effective alternative for video for eliciting narratives. This study provides support for the use of still pictures as an equivalent to videos in situations where videos are less accessible in language classrooms (due to lack of technological access).

The aim with this thesis is to explore how preschool teachers look at and how they work with oral narrative. The purpose is to gain an increased knowledge of how the work can develop. In order to find the answers to the questions as well as the aim, I chose to interview preschool teachers. After the summary of the interviews was made, the study showed that more preschool teachers prefer to read books over using oral narrative. The result turned out that way since the interviewees were not comfortable in their oral narrative role and need to put more effort in it. Furthermore, the construction of the premises also played a big part in the results since it showed that the rooms where the story telling were hold were either too big or too small. They meant that the environment, which was not inviting to them or the children, did not make the best place for the oral narrative to take place and they wished it was different. However, the preschool teachers who were interviewed showed a positive attitude towards making changes for the better and they all wished to develop their oral narrative skills in the preschool. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur förskollärare ser på och arbetar med det muntliga berättandet i förskolan och på så vis få en ökad kunskap om hur arbetet kan utvecklas. För att jag ska få svar på syftet samt frågeställningarna valde jag att intervjua förskollärare. Det min studie visade efter sammanställningen var att fler valde högläsning istället för det muntliga berättandet. Detta berodde bland annat på att det krävdes mer av förskollärarna och att de inte kände sig trygga i sin berättarroll. Något annat som förskollärarna ansåg vara ett hinder var hur deras lokaler var utformade då de inte uppfyllde den önskade berättarmiljön. Antingen var lokalerna för stora eller så var de för små. Förskollärarna kände heller inte att rummen var inbjudande eller att de lockade till sig barnens intresse. Dock visade förskollärarna i undersökningen en positiv inställning till att utvecklas och bli bättre på användningen av det muntliga berättandet.

The significance of horse in the life and culture of the nomadic societies is a well-known fact. A large part of Mongolian oral traditions and folklore is related to horses. But the horse plays an important role in the oral tradition of sedentary peoples of Europe as well. The diploma thesis is based on field research, written sources and existing sources of folklore of Mongolia and Eastern Slovakia, where the traditional horse breeding still continues to exist. The aim of the thesis is to outline Mongolian perception of the world and the bond between the Mongol and nature through the description of the relationship between man and horse, which is compared with non-nomadic, sedentary culture of the Eastern Slovakia.

The purpose of my study was to find out what strategies educators use in preschool to promote narrative, both regarding the educators themselves and the children's narrative. This I wanted to find out by interviewing preschool teachers regarding how they feel that the preschool's activities and their actions promote the narrative, as well as the materials and environments used for this purpose. The method I used in the study was semistructured interviews. Participation was five respondents, all preschool teachers. The interviews were recorded with the respondents' consent. The result shows that the pre-school teachers in the study build different environments, create cozy spaces and specific reading lanes to promote the story. Even the light can be used to amplify the story. The results show that strategies used by the preschoolers to listen to children's stories are to ask questions about what the children are saying, follow-up questions based on the story, and to relate children's stories to what's happening in the day's activities. This is stated by all respondents as important in promoting children's own stories. Preschool teachers state that they use the voice, body and eye contact with the children, to show that they actively listen and that what the child is telling is important and priority. / Syftet med min studie var att ta reda på vilka strategier pedagoger använder sig av i förskolan för att främja berättande, både gällande pedagogerna egna samt barnens berättande. Detta ville jag ta reda på genom att intervjua förskollärare gällande hur de anser att förskolans verksamhet och deras agerande främjar berättandet, samt vilka material och miljöer som används för detta ändamål. Metoden jag i studien använde var semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagande var fem respondenter, alla förskollärare. Intervjuerna spelades med respondenternas samtycke in. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna i studien bygger upp olika miljöer, skapar mysiga rum och specifika läshörnor för att främja berättandet. Även att ljuset kan användas för att förstärka berättandet. Resultatet visar att strategier som förskollärarna använder vid lyssnande till barnens berättelser är att ställa frågor om det barnen berättar, följdfrågor utifrån berättandet samt att relatera barnens berättelser till det som händer inom verksamheten under dagen. Detta förs fram av alla respondenter som viktigt i främjandet av barnens egna berättande. Förskollärarna uppger att de använder rösten, kroppen samt har ögonkontakt med barnen, för att visa att de aktivt lyssnar och att det barnen berättar är viktigt och prioriterat.