Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in French.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Le problème du statut ontologique des universaux fut et demeure un des problèmes majeurs de la philosophie. Différentes réponses peuvent être apportées à ce problème. Nous chercherons ici à déterminer ce qu'aurait été la position défendue par Nicole Oresme. En nous fondant sur des questions tirées de son traité Expositio et Quaestiones in Aristotelis De Anima, nous exposerons la pensée oresmienne de la connaissance afin de nous donner l'instrumentation nécessaire à la réalisation du projet. La théorie de la connaissance qui émergera de ces questions sera comparée avec deux contemporains d'Oresme, à savoir Guillaume d'Ockham et Jean Buridan. Les théories de la connaissance de ces deux auteurs servent de références dans l'élaboration de la théorie de la connaissance d'Oresme et du statut ontologique à attribuer aux universaux. Nous chercherons à établir le nominalisme d'Oresme. De là émergera un nouveau problème: est-ce que l'on acquiert la connaissance d'une chose par l'entremise d'un concept avec comme représentation la singularité, ou bien est-ce que c'est par l'entremise d'un concept avec comme représentation l'universalité? L'hypothèse à laquelle notre recherche nous a conduit consiste à dire que chez Oresme il y a un concept qui est à la fois singulier et universel. La question se pose alors de savoir si on connaît premièrement une chose par l'entremise de l'universalité ou de la singularité de ce concept.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Campos.pdf: 447384 bytes, checksum: cc7e7ac121105da23c8e2ec1c29ccd2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-09 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The objective of this dissertation is to analyse the possible connection between the Nicole Oresme s Impetus Theory and the arguments on the daytime earth s motion, present in Le Livre du Ciel et du Monde. To the end of this research it will be clear if Oresme used or not this concept to explain if this possible Movement began, of what it forms this it took place and his apparent uniform continuity. Charles V registers the analysis in the century XIV, when Oresme writes a commented translation of the Aristotelian treaty On the Heavens, to request of a king. His comments now they are simple interpretative explanations, it prays explanations followed by discussions in which he presents, through logical or theological arguments, other means to those present ones in the Aristotelian treaty. One of these means is the Daytime Movement of the Earth. In this work, also they will be presented and discussed: the origin and the conflicts that took place in the University of Paris, between the centuries XII and XIII up to the decree of Tempier in 1277; the concept of the Impetus, of Buridan, the discussions of Oresme on: the possibility of a produced and eternal World, the possibility of plural Worlds and the possibility of an incorporeal emptiness / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a possível relação entre o conceito do Impetus, de Nicole Oresme e a discussão acerca da possibilidade do Movimento Diurno da Terra, presente em Le Livre du Ciel et du Monde. Ao final desta pesquisa ficará claro se Oresme utilizou ou não este conceito para explicar se este possível Movimento se iniciou, de que forma isto ocorreu e a sua aparente continuidade uniforme. A análise inscreve-se no século XIV, quando Oresme redige uma tradução comentada do tratado aristotélico Sobre os Céus, a pedido do rei Carlos V. Seus comentários ora são simples explicações interpretativas, ora explicações seguidas de discussões em que apresenta, através de argumentos lógicos ou teológicos, outras possibilidades àquelas presentes no tratado aristotélico. Uma destas possibilidades é o Movimento Diurno da Terra. Neste trabalho, também serão apresentados e discutidos: a gênese e os conflitos que ocorreram na Universidade de Paris, entre os séculos XII e XIII até o decreto de Tempier em 1277; o conceito do Impetus, de Buridan, as discussões de Oresme sobre: a possibilidade de um Mundo gerado e eterno, a possibilidade de Mundos plurais e a possibilidade de um vazio incorpóreo

Par commodité, le corpus oresmien est souvent scindé en deux parties. L'une, scientifique, regrouperait ses traités scientifiques et ses commentaires universitaires en philosophie naturelle. L'autre, politique et morale, comprendrait les traductions en français de la Politique, des Économiques, et de l'Éthique à Nicomaque d'Aristote. Cependant, une telle dichotomie présente bien des inconvénients. Tout d'abord, un tel schématisme ne laisse pas de place aux écrits dits « polémiques » d'Oresme contre l'astrologie prédictive, ni à son traité monétaire. Il convient d'ailleurs de remarquer que, tout au long de sa carrière, et pour ces ouvrages en particulier, Nicole Oresme a pratiqué l'écriture, la traduction et l'auto-traduction en français. D'autre part, si, du point de vue de la réalité historique, cette distinction créé l'illusion de deux auteurs distincts, elle tend aussi à imposer une différence d'importance entre les deux pans de l'œuvre de Nicole Oresme et nie, justement, l'idée d'un œuvre unifiée par un auteur, et un projet. Or, l'adoption du français comme langue d'écriture tout au long de sa vie nous en fournit un indice. La rédaction à la fin de sa carrière d'un texte en vernaculaire et d'une grande complexité scientifique tel que le Livre du Ciel et du Monde en constitue un autre. Les déclarations qui émaillent tous les textes de Nicole Oresme sur le but de la connaissance et les méthodes argumentatives mises en œuvre pour y parvenir constituent encore une autre piste de réflexion. Le but de ce travail est donc de suivre les chemins empruntés par Oresme dans ses écrits, reconstituer son itinéraire en tant qu'auteur, et de montrer que le philosophe normand a établi un projet, affermi au cours des années, au cœur duquel se trouve une conception originale et unifiée de l'homme, de son rapport au savoir, et de son rapport aux autres. / For the sake of convenience, the oresmian corpus has often been split into two parts. In a scientific one would be gathered his science treatises and his natural philosophy commentaries, whereas his translations into French of Aristotle's Politics, Economics and Nicomachean Ethics would belong to a political and moral one. But this dichotomy presents with a lot of flaws. First of all such a simplification doesn't take into account either the so-called pamphlets Oresme wrote against judicial astrology nor his monetary treatise. Besides, one must bear in mind that Oresme continuously wrote and translated his own writings into French, and especially those treatises. Secondly, in addition to being historically inaccurate, positing two “Oresmes” tends to suggest that one of these aspects would prevail over the other. It denies the very idea of an oeuvre, intended as unified by its author and the project he envisioned. Yet, the fact that Oresme chose to write some of his works in French all along his life indicates such a continuity. Another clue would be that he composed the Livre du Ciel et du Monde at the end of his career, a book both in French and of a great scientific complexity. To enlighten us about these matters, we can rely on the many passages Nicole Oresme devotes to knowledge and the means to attain it. The present thesis aims to walk in Oresme's steps, reconstruct his journey as an author and philosopher, and to show that he gradually established a unique and unified conception of man in all its dimensions, political as well as scientific.

Orientador: Fátima Regina Rodrigues Évora / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T03:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malbouisson_IaraVelascoeCruz_M.pdf: 1013402 bytes, checksum: d9fab04e3710fe9e8d5bbf376e49bfdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Essa dissertação tem por objetivo geral investigar as noções de ciência e conhecimento científico de Nicole Oresme (1323?-1382). Mais precisamente, procura-se situar o projeto filosófico de Oresme no contexto do século XIV e de seu progressivo afastamento da concepção aristotélica de ciência enquanto um saber demonstrativo, necessário e evidente. Desse modo, procura-se investigar de que maneira e por quais razões Oresme fala em causas prováveis, bem como qual o papel que a matemática ocupa em sua epistemologia probabilista. Para tanto, empreende-se a análise de algumas passagens do comentário de Oresme ao De anima de Aristóteles, e procura-se sobretudo apresentar e explicar a ciência de figurar qualidades e movimentos que Oresme formula, em seu Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum e motuum, com o intuito de assinalar as causas prováveis de diversos fenômenos naturais / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to investigate Nicole Oresme's notions of science and scientific knowledge. More specifically, we attempt to place Oresme's philosophical project in the context of fourteenth-century natural philosophy, with its progressive departure from an Aristotelic conception of science as an evident, necessary and demonstrative knowledge. Hence, we investigate how and for which reasons Oresme speaks of \probable causes" and \probable explanations", and try to determine the role that mathematics plays in his probabilistic epistemology. For this effect, we analyse some passages of Oresme's commentary on Aristotle's De anima and seek, above all, to present and explain the science of figuring qualities and movements formulated by Oresme in his Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum e motuum for the pourpose of assigning probable causes to various natural phenomena / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

Dans la question 10 du livre II de son commentaire au traité De l’âme d’Aristote, Nicole Oresme soulève la question suivante : est-ce que le sens se trompe relativement à son objet propre? S’attaquant à la problématique de l’illusion sensible, il soutient qu’il y a effectivement place pour l’erreur dans la connaissance sensible puisque les facultés sensitives de l’âme ont la capacité de former des jugements. Influencé par le modèle perspectiviste de la vision, Oresme met l’accent sur le rôle des sens internes, plutôt que les sens externes, dans la perception. Ce mémoire de maîtrise a pour but d’élucider les notions de « concept » (conceptus), « jugement » (iudicium) et « discours » (discursus) telles qu’Oresme les emploie dans le deuxième livre de ses Quaestiones De anima et est accompagné d’une traduction des questions I.4, II.8-15 et II.21 des Quaestiones De anima. / In question 10 of book II of his commentary on Aristotle’s De anima, Nicole Oresme asks whether the senses can be deceived about their proper objects. Tackling the issue of sense illusion, he maintains that there is indeed error in sense cognition since the sensitive faculties of the soul can form judgments. Influenced by the perspectivist account of vision, Oresme highlights the role of the internal senses, rather than the external senses, in perception. This master’s thesis aims to elucidate the notions of « concept » (conceptus), « judgment » (iudicium) and « discourse » (discursus) as Oresme uses them in book II of his Quaestiones De anima and includes a French translation of questions I.4, II.8-15 and II.21 of the Quaestiones De anima.

Dans la question 10 du livre II de son commentaire au traité De l’âme d’Aristote, Nicole Oresme soulève la question suivante : est-ce que le sens se trompe relativement à son objet propre? S’attaquant à la problématique de l’illusion sensible, il soutient qu’il y a effectivement place pour l’erreur dans la connaissance sensible puisque les facultés sensitives de l’âme ont la capacité de former des jugements. Influencé par le modèle perspectiviste de la vision, Oresme met l’accent sur le rôle des sens internes, plutôt que les sens externes, dans la perception. Ce mémoire de maîtrise a pour but d’élucider les notions de « concept » (conceptus), « jugement » (iudicium) et « discours » (discursus) telles qu’Oresme les emploie dans le deuxième livre de ses Quaestiones De anima et est accompagné d’une traduction des questions I.4, II.8-15 et II.21 des Quaestiones De anima. / In question 10 of book II of his commentary on Aristotle’s De anima, Nicole Oresme asks whether the senses can be deceived about their proper objects. Tackling the issue of sense illusion, he maintains that there is indeed error in sense cognition since the sensitive faculties of the soul can form judgments. Influenced by the perspectivist account of vision, Oresme highlights the role of the internal senses, rather than the external senses, in perception. This master’s thesis aims to elucidate the notions of « concept » (conceptus), « judgment » (iudicium) and « discourse » (discursus) as Oresme uses them in book II of his Quaestiones De anima and includes a French translation of questions I.4, II.8-15 and II.21 of the Quaestiones De anima.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdirene Rosa de Souza.pdf: 9992621 bytes, checksum: 5e7f1c91e146ca97bd6f8109d3b3ee55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research has goal to address the functions in high school through relation established between the history of mathematics and the use of modeling in teaching mathematics. For that we deal with the aspects of the history of mathematics concerning the issue of change in motion, as discussed by Nicole Oresme (1323-1382). The research led us to understand that the development of mathematics is related to current events in the society and the various areas of knowledge. In our view, the study of this relation allows the construction of meaningful knowledge, and ability to generate decision-making statements that enable the consistent training of the individual and their preparation for social life / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo abordar as funções no Ensino Médio por meio de relações estabelecidas entre a história da matemática e o uso de modelagem no ensino de matemática. Para tanto, tratamos dos aspectos da história da matemática referente à questão da variação do movimento, como abordada por Nicole Oresme (1323-1382). A pesquisa nos levou a entender que o desenvolvimento da matemática está relacionado aos acontecimentos presentes na sociedade e nas diversas áreas do conhecimento. A nosso ver, o estudo dessa relação permite a construção significativa do conhecimento, além de gerar a capacidade de tomada de decisões assertivas que possibilitam a formação consistente do indivíduo e sua preparação para a vida social

Orientador: Márcio Augusto Damin Custódio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_PaulaFreitasde_M.pdf: 1819275 bytes, checksum: 50cd1fce20bb98ac3fcc4351132c41c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objeto o estudo a noção de autoridade presente na filosofia política de Nicole Oresme, a partir dos diferentes usos dados à moeda no reino, em especial aqueles que conduzem o reino à autossuficiência (autarkéia). Por meio da análise das relações estabelecidas entre o príncipe e os seus súditos no processo de fabrico, cunhagem e circulação da moeda, se buscou demonstrar que a realização do fim natural da moeda como instrumento artificial usado no sistema de trocas justas pode fomentar a riqueza do reino e a felicidade dos súditos pela circulação de riquezas que permite a diversidade de bens e serviços disponíveis no reino para os residentes e súditos. Para tanto, a pesquisa se dividiu em três capítulos que abordaram a noção de autoridade política na Realeza, os limites da autoridade do príncipe no reino e a tirania como causa da sedição. Para tanto, foi realizada a leitura do Traité sur la Monnaie e dos textos complementares Comentários à Política e Comentários à Ética, estes últimos correspondentes às traduções e glosas francesas de Oresme aos textos aristotélicos da Política e da Ética, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a realeza e a tirania são formas distintas de ordenação das relações humanas. A realeza possui boas constituições e o governo é exercido pelo príncipe e é reto porque busca o bem e o interesse público. Na questão monetária, isso resulta na preservação da qualidade da moeda e na promoção de meios que a faz circular por entre seus súditos e por entre reinos de modo justo. Ao contrário, na tirania, o uso da moeda torna-se injusto por satisfazer a interesses particulares e servir de instrumento para a tirania monetária, de modo que quem reina afasta-se da sua constituição verdadeira, que é a realeza / Abstract: The research had as its object of study the notion of authority present in the political philosophy Nicole Oresme, from the different uses of the currency in the kingdom, in particular those who lead the kingdom to self-sufficiency (autarkéia). Through the analysis of the relationship between the prince and his subjects in the manufacturing process, minting and circulation of money, it sought to demonstrate the performance of the natural end of the currency as a tool used in an artificial system fair exchanges can foster,in the kingdom, wealth and happiness for its subjects by the circulation of wealth that allows the diversity of goods and services available to residents in the kingdom and subjects. Therefore, the research is divided into three chapters that addressed the notion of political authority in the Royalty, the limits of authority of the prince in the kingdom and tyranny as the cause of sedition. In order to do it, it was read the Traité sur la Monnaie and the supplementary texts and comments to the Political Commentary on Ethics, the latter corresponds to the translations and glosses of French Oresme to Aristotelian texts of Politics and Ethics, respectively. It was concluded that the kingship and tyranny are different ways of ordering human relationships. The royals have good constitutions and the government is exercised by the prince and it is straight because it seeks for wellness and the public interest. On the monetary issue, this results in the preservation of the quality of the coin and the promotion means that it circulates among his subjects and between realms fairly. On the other hand, the use of money by the tyranny becomes unjust to satisfy particular interests and serves as a tool for monetary tyranny, so whoever reigns deviates from its real constitution, which is royalty / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestra em Filosofia