The aim of thesis was to analyze the South Bohemian organic dairy production and distribution of organic milk. The thesis focuses on farm production, distribution channels and the application of the regional market. Through the processing of data from the database of the Institute of Agriculture Economics and Information and a questionnaire survey conducted at the level of organic farmers farming in the South Bohemian Region with a valid certificate for the milk production was assessed the development and the current market situation of organic milk production in the South Bohemian Region.

The aim of this thesis is to process and evaluate UZEI (MZe) data for organic agricultural produce and sales of the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic in 2011, followed by structural and geographic regional analysis, based on the graphical output (production maps, charts and sales diagrams). Analysis involved also current processing capacity and selected sales formats in the region.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-21T12:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Camila Batista Marins Carneiro.pdf: 2399048 bytes, checksum: 978665d3b6eb604d7bf51b60762cb2d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T12:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Camila Batista Marins Carneiro.pdf: 2399048 bytes, checksum: 978665d3b6eb604d7bf51b60762cb2d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Currently, there is a context of expanding market of organic products, stimulated by the increased demand of public policies for the sector of family farming and for the increasing offer of organic products in supermarkets and other channels, such as fairs, specialized stores and Internet. The input of organic in supermarkets tends to be seen as part of the ?conventionalization? of organic agriculture and as a force that would leads to reduction or even disappearance of alternative commercialization channels. However, is noticed that collective shopping experiences of organic products remain, persist and even grow in the country. This work object is the Ecological Network, an association of organic products consumers, created in 2001 in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), in order to facilitate homes' supplies with organic food and help small farmers to drain their production. The main issue of this research is to understand the permanence of such association of consumers in the context of changes in the role played by both State and market facing the organic agriculture. As conclusion, it was pointed that the Ecological Network has been updating and expanding the meanings and senses of their practices of organic products purchase, perceived by its members as an alternative, "more politicized" and thus differentiated when related to shopping through other channels. The difference, according to associates, seems to lie in the fact that in the Network, the purchase of organic is done in an organized and collective way, and therefore committed not only to the personal health, the small farmer and the environment, but also with the management of the Network and with the fight in the public sphere by issues related to food and organic farming family. So, despite the purchase be the structuring activity of the Ecological Network, there is a perception among its members, that the shopping, by itself, is not a sufficient form of participation and is not seen as an efficient way to fight for more meaningful changes in society. Thus, at the same time that the Ecological Network is inserted in a context of spillover of the political sphere for individual actions, such as the consumption, it remains the notion of politics as synonymous of collective participation. This leads us to think that the Network represents, for its members, a space that promotes materialization of values and political participation in society. In this sense, can be understood in the process of greenerism and politicization of consumption and, yet in the context of New Social Economic Movements / Atualmente, observa-se um contexto de expans?o da comercializa??o de produtos org?nicos, estimulado pelo aumento da demanda, por pol?ticas p?blicas para o setor da agricultura familiar e pela amplia??o da oferta de produtos org?nicos em supermercados e em outros canais, como feiras, lojas especializadas e Internet. A entrada de org?nicos nos supermercados tende a ser vista como parte do processo de ?convencionaliza??o? da agricultura org?nica e como uma for?a que levaria ? redu??o ou mesmo ao desaparecimento dos canais alternativos de comercializa??o. No entanto, observa-se que experi?ncias de compras coletivas de produtos org?nicos se mant?m, persistem e at? mesmo crescem pelo pa?s. Este trabalho tem por objeto a Rede Ecol?gica, uma associa??o de consumidores de produtos org?nicos, criada em 2001, no Rio de Janeiro/RJ, com o objetivo de facilitar o abastecimento dos lares com alimentos org?nicos e de ajudar o pequeno produtor a escoar sua produ??o. A quest?o central desta pesquisa ? compreender a perman?ncia deste tipo de associa??o de consumidores em um contexto de mudan?as no papel desempenhado tanto pelo Estado quanto pelo mercado frente ? agricultura familiar org?nica. Como conclus?o, apontamos que a Rede Ecol?gica vem atualizando e ampliando os significados e os sentidos de suas pr?ticas de compra de produtos org?nicos, percebidas por seus membros como alternativas, ?mais politizadas? e, portanto, diferenciadas em rela??o ?s compras em outros canais. A diferen?a, de acordo com os associados, parece estar no fato de que, na Rede, a compra de org?nicos ? feita de forma organizada e coletiva e, portanto, comprometida n?o s? com a sa?de pessoal, o pequeno produtor e o meio ambiente, mas tamb?m com a gest?o da Rede e com a luta na esfera p?blica por temas referentes ? alimenta??o e ? agricultura familiar org?nica. Assim, apesar da compra ser a atividade estruturante da Rede Ecol?gica, h? uma percep??o, entre seus associados, de que a compra, por si s?, n?o constitui uma forma suficiente de participa??o, bem como n?o ? vista como uma maneira eficiente de lutar por mudan?as mais significativas na sociedade. Deste modo, ao mesmo tempo em que a Rede Ecol?gica est? inserida em um contexto de transbordamento da esfera pol?tica para a??es individuais, a exemplo das propostas de consumo sustent?vel ou respons?vel, mantem a no??o de pol?tica como sin?nimo de participa??o coletiva. Isso nos leva a pensar que a Rede representa, para seus membros, um espa?o de materializa??o de valores e de participa??o pol?tica na sociedade. Neste sentido, pode ser compreendida como parte do processo de ambientaliza??o e politiza??o do consumo e, ainda, no contexto dos Novos Movimentos Sociais Econ?micos

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad explicar cómo el valor percibido, los atributos de la comida y la confianza del consumidor influyen en la intención de compra en el sector de la comida orgánica en Lima Metropolitana. Asimismo, el enfoque de la investigación se basa en cómo la intención de compra de la comida orgánica se ve influenciada por el valor percibido del producto, los atributos de dicho alimento y la confianza del consumidor en cuanto a su consumo. Utilizando encuestas en línea con una escala de likert de 5 puntos, se buscará recopilar información de 400 personas (hombres y mujeres) que realizan compras de comida orgánica en supermercados para poder desarrollar la investigación basada en un estudio cuantitativo de tipo correlacional con enfoque de estudio transversal y de carácter explicativo. / The present work aims to explain how the perceived value, the attributes of food and consumer confidence influence purchase intent in the organic food sector in Metropolitan Lima. Likewise, the research approach is based on how the purchase intention of organic food is influenced by the perceived value of the product, the attributes of that food and consumer confidence in its consumption. Using online surveys with a 5-point likert scale, it will seek to collect information from 400 people (men and women) who make purchases of organic food in supermarkets to be able to develop the research based on a quantitative study of correlational type with a cross-sectional and explanatory study approach. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación aborda los principales factores que influyen en la intención de compra de productos orgánicos. Para su desarrollo se utilizaron investigaciones previas con las que se pudo conocer la exploración académica e información obtenida hasta el momento por diversos autores. A partir de ello, se definieron y conceptualizan las variables más relevantes: Producto alimenticio orgánico, conocimiento orgánico, normas subjetivas, estilo de vida saludable, intención de compra seleccionadas en base las investigaciones previas que han estudiado el tema aplicado en diversos países. Asimismo, se pudo delimitar el significado académico de cada factor involucrado en la presente indagación y se ha expuesto la relación evidenciada entre las variables para identificar cómo impactan en la intención de compra hacia los alimentos orgánicos. / This research work addresses the main factors that influence the purchase intention of organic products. For its development, previous research was used with which it was possible to know the academic exploration and information obtained so far by various authors. Based on this, the most relevant variables were defined and conceptualized: organic food product, organic knowledge, subjective norms, healthy lifestyle, purchase intention selected based on previous research that has studied the issue applied in various countries. Likewise, it was possible to delimit the academic meaning of each factor involved in this investigation and the relationship evidenced between the variables has been exposed to identify how they impact the purchase intention towards organic foods. / Trabajo de investigación

Introduktion: En av de största farhågorna i förhållande till konventionella livsmedel är användningen av bekämpningsmedel. Forskning visar att höga doser av bekämpningsmedel har ett samband med förekomst av hälsoeffekter som fosterskador, allergier, infektioner, havandeskapsförgiftning, metabola syndrom, högt BMI med mera. Ekologiska livsmedel har visat sig ha lägre halter av bekämpningsmedel. Vidare belyser forskarna betydelsen av bekämpningsmedel i det tidiga livet. Foster, barn- och unga är mer mottagliga för toxiner då det saknas enzymer för att avaktivera bekämpningsmedel i kroppen, vilket vidare kan bidra till sjukdomar som barncancer. Syfte: Att undersöka potentiella hälsoeffekter från ekologiskt och konventionellt odlade livsmedel bland foster, barn- och unga (0–18 år). Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys som ansats. Litteraturstudien grundar sig på 20 vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Resultat: Analysen utmynnade i fyra huvudkategorier; Förändring av urinbiomarkörer, Exponering för bekämpningsmedel genom livsmedel, Negativa hälsoeffekter av bekämpningsmedel och Förekomst av bekämpningsmedel i bröstmjölk och risker för spädbarn. I studiens artiklarframkom bekämpningsmedelsrester främst i livsmedel, i bröstmjölk eller i urinen. Några studier associerar skadliga effekter på hälsan med kronisk exponering för bekämpningsmedel för att vidare relatera deras toxikologiska egenskaper till fall av exempelvis autism och gastrointestinala sjukdomar medan andra studier påvisar att förekomster av bekämpningsmedelsrester utgör de tillåtna nivåer av befolkningens exponering via livsmedel och därmed inga negativa hälsoeffekter. Slutsats: Denna litteraturstudie visar att det saknas forskning på konkreta kopplingar till specifika sjukdomar utifrån bekämpningsmedelsexponering hos foster, barn- och unga. Sammantaget är denna studie inte tillräcklig för att säkerställa ämnesområdets resultat som helhet. / Introduction: One of the biggest concerns in relation to conventional foods is the use of pesticides. Research shows that high doses of pesticides are associated with the occurrence of health effects such as birth defects, allergies, infections, preeclampsia, metabolic syndrome, high BMI and more. Organic foods have been shown to have lower levels of pesticides. Furthermore, the researchers highlight the importance of pesticides in early life. Fetal, children and young people are more susceptible to toxins as there is a lack of enzymes to deactivate pesticides in the body, which can further contribute to diseases such as childhood cancer. Aim: To investigate the potential health effects of organically and conventionally grown foods among fetal, children and young people (0–18 years). Methods:A systematic literature study with qualitative content analysis as an approach. The literature study is based on 20 original scientific articles. Results: The analysis resulted in 4 main categories; Change in urinary biomarkers, Exposure to pesticides through food, Adverse health effects of pesticides and Presence of pesticides in breast milk and risks to infants. In the study's articles, pesticide residues appeared mostly in food, in breast milk or in the urine. Some studies associate harmful effects on health with chronic exposure to pesticides in order to further relate their toxicological properties to cases of, for example, autism and gastrointestinal diseases, while other studies demonstrate that occurrences of pesticide residues constitute the permitted levels of the population's exposure via food and thus no negative health effects. Conclusion: This literature study shows that there is a lack of research on concrete connections to specific diseases based on pesticide exposure in fetal,children and young people. Overall, this study is not sufficient to ensure the results of the subject area as a whole.

The thesis deals with the application of green marketing, respectively Green behaviour of retail chains Tesco Stores, Penny Market and Kaufland Czech Republic in the territory of the regional city České Budějovice. The main aim is thus to determine whether these retail chains use green marketing and behaviour to what extent, based on the set of indicators and whether the customers of these chains reflect green marketing and behaviour in their purchasing decisions. The theoretical part is focused on definitions of basic and related concepts such as green marketing, green economy, customer purchasing behaviour and theoretical definitions of selected indicators of green behaviour. The practical part summarizes the information obtained from interviews with representatives of retail chains and analyse customer behaviour through a questionnaire survey. The main finding of the thesis is that although retail chains use green marketing, customer's purchasing decisions is not affected by this type of marketing. Customers prefer a price range and distance to stores from the residence or from the working place. The thesis also found that each chain has its clients, who have the same features of behaviour.

[ES] La seguridad alimentaria es una prioridad para la población y en la actualidad cobra mayor importancia por ciertas tendencias alimentarias como el consumo de alimentos crudos y la distribución generalizada de alimentos orgánicos, que pueden ser la causa de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. Para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria, la detección de estos microorganismos debe realizarse de manera rápida y eficiente. Par eso, el método de cultivo microbiológico se considera el oficial para la detección de estos patógenos. Sin embargo, adolece de importantes inconvenientes, ya que no solo requiere mucho tiempo, sino que también es laborioso y consume muchos recursos. Además, puede ser limitado con respecto a la detección de bacterias fisiológicamente alteradas y/o estresadas durante el almacenamiento y la conservación. En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un protocolo sencillo y rápido para la detección simultánea de E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus y S. enterica en alimentos, mediante la combinación de una etapa de co-cultivo en medio líquido y la detección por PCR múltiple. Se ha evaluado la eficiencia de varios medios de enriquecimiento y se seleccionó el agua de peptona tamponada como el medio óptimo para el co-cultivo de las cuatro bacterias diana. También se optimizaron las condiciones de PCR múltiple y se aplicaron tanto a co-cultivos como a muestras de alimentos inoculados artificialmente, lechuga orgánica y carne picada. Después de la optimización, la PCR múltiple desarrollada fue capaz de detectar las cuatro bacterias simultáneamente, hasta con una inoculación inicial de 10^0 UFC/mL. En presencia de ambas matrices alimentarias inoculadas, tras la etapa de co-cultivo, la PCR múltiple pudo detectar simultáneamente las 3 bacterias E. coli, S. enterica y L. monocytogenes, mientras que S. aureus se ha detectado por PCR simplex, a partir del mismo extracto de ADN del co-cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el uso de un paso de co-cultivo en Agua peptona tamponada, antes de la detección por PCR simple y múltiple, puede facilitar la detección simultánea de las cuatro bacterias potencialmente presentes en las matrices alimentarias. La presencia o ausencia de la bacteria diana en los alimentos se confirma en unas 30 horas, lo que reduce el tiempo requerido para la detección en comparación con el tiempo mínimo de 7 días por método cultural. Asimismo, permite reducir el número de medios de cultivo y reactivos, para el aislamiento e identificación de bacterias que no son detectadas por PCR y que no están presentes en las matrices alimentarias, lo que supone un importante ahorro económico. / [CA] La seguretat alimentària sempre és una prioritat per a la població i en l' actualitat cobra major importància per certes tendències alimentàries, com el consum d' aliments crus i la distribució generalitzada d' aliments orgànics, que poden ser la causa de malalties transmeses per aliments. Per garantir la seguretat alimentària, la detecció d' aquests microorganismes s' ha de realitzar de manera ràpida i eficient. Per a això, el mètode de cultiu microbiològic es considera l' oficial per a la detecció d' aquests patògens. Però, hi ha importants inconvenients, ja que no només requereix més temps, sinó que també és laboriós i consumeix molts recursos. A més, pot ser limitat pel que fa a la detecció de bacteris fisiològicament alterats i/o estressats durant l'emmagatzematge i la conservació. En aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat un protocol senzill i ràpid per a la detecció simultània d' E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus i S. enterica en aliments, mitjançant la combinació d' una etapa de co-cultiu en medi líquid i la detecció per PCR múltiple. S'ha avaluat l'eficiència de diversos mitjans d'enriquiment i s'ha seleccionat l'aigua de peptona tamponada com el medi òptim per al co-cultiu dels quatre bacteris diana. També es van optimitzar les condicions de PCR múltiple i es van aplicar tant a co-cultius com a mostres d'aliments inoculats artificialment, enciam orgànic i carn picada. Després de l'optimització, la PCR múltiple desenvolupada va ser capaç de detectar els quatre bacteris simultàniament, fins a una inoculació inicial de 10^0 UFC/mL. En presència d' ambdues matrius alimentàries inoculades, després l' etapa de co-cultiu, la PCR múltiple va poder detectar simultàniament els 3 bacteris: E. coli, S. enterica i L. monocytogenes, mentre que S. aureus s' ha detectat per PCR simple, a partir del mateix extracte d' ADN del co-cultiu. Els resultats obtinguts permeten concloure que l' ús d' un pas de co-cultiu en Aigua de peptona tamponada, abans de la detecció per PCR simple i múltiple, pot facilitar la detecció simultània dels quatre bacteris potencialment presents en les matrius alimentàries. La presència o absència del bacteri diana en els aliments es confirma en unes 30 hores, la qual cosa redueix el temps requerit per a la detecció en comparació amb el temps mínim de 7 dies per mètode cultural. Així mateix, permet reduir el nombre de mitjans de cultiu i reactius, per a l' aïllament i identificació de bacteris que no són detectats per PCR i que no estan presents en les matrius alimentàries, la qual cosa suposa un important estalvi econòmic. / [EN] Food safety is a priority for the population and is nowadays more important than ever due to certain dietary trends such as the consumption of raw foods and the widespread distribution of organic foods, which may be the cause of foodborne diseases. To ensure food safety, the detection of these microorganisms must be done quickly and efficiently. Although, the microbiological culture method is considered to be the official method for the detection of these food-borne pathogens, it suffers from significant drawbacks, such as time-consuming, laborious and expensive, in addition it may be limited regarding the detection of physiologically altered and/or stressed bacteria, during storage and preservation. In this work has been developed a simple and rapid protocol for the simultaneous detection of E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and S. enterica in food, by combining a liquid co-culture step and detection by multiplex PCR. The efficiency of several enrichment media was evaluated and buffered peptone water was chosen as the optimal medium for the co-culture of the four target bacteria. Then, optimized multiplex PCR conditions were applied to both the co-cultures and the samples of artificially inoculated foods, organic lettuce and ground meat. After optimization, the developed multiplex PCR was able to simultaneously detect the four bacteria, up to an initial inoculation of 10^0 CFU/mL. In the presence of the two inoculated food matrices, after a co-culture step, the multiplex PCR could simultaneously detect the 3 bacteria: E. coli, S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, whereas, S. aureus has been detected by simplex PCR, from the same co-culture DNA template. The results obtained allow conclusion that the use of a co-culture step in Buffered Peptone Water, before detection by simplex and multiplex PCR, can facilitate the simultaneous detection of the four bacteria potentially present in the food matrices. The presence or the absence of the target bacteria in food is confirmed in approximately 30 hours, which reduce the time required for the detection compared to the minimum time of 7 days by cultural method. Also, it allows to reduce the number of culture media and reagents, for the isolation and identification of bacteria that are not detected by PCR and which are not initially present in the food matrices, which represents a significant economic savings. / Boukharouba, A. (2022). Isolation and Identification of Foodborne Pathogens of Special Interest in Food Safety [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/182828

This thesis deals with the organic livestock production in South Bohemian region. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the South Bohemian organic meat production, production of eggs and honey and distribution of the biocommodities. Through the processing of data from the database IAEI and questionnaire survey, conducted at the level of organic farmers farming in the South Bohemian region with a valid certificate for meat production, development and the current market situation of organic meat production were assessed in the South Bohemian region.