Atualmente, as plataformas de redes sociais despontam como uma das principais tecnologias emergentes no universo organizacional, com diversas empresas aderindo a estas plataformas, numa ampliação do uso originalmente concebido para as pessoas físicas. Por conta disso, torna-se relevante compreender se as mudanças que estão ocorrendo nas organizações - especificamente na área de marketing - são apenas um movimento de adaptação à determinada plataforma, ou se se vislumbra uma maior perenidade dessas mudanças, com vistas à consolidação de um novo paradigma tecnológico. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo compreender as implicações do uso de plataformas de redes sociais nas funções da área de marketing das organizações brasileiras do setor de comércio e serviços. Para tanto, esta pesquisa utiliza a técnica do estudo de casos múltiplos, numa perspectiva qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, contemplando quatro organizações líderes em seus segmentos de mercado, sendo elas: Bradesco (serviços financeiros), Metrô de São Paulo (serviços de transporte público), TECNISA (construção civil) e Telefônica Vivo (telecomunicações). Utilizou-se, como técnicas de coleta de dados, entrevistas orientadas por roteiro semiestruturado, observação não participante e pesquisa documental. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio do software NVivo, versão 9.0, em função do rigor metodológico destacado por Dubé e Paré (2003) e da orientação metodológica estabelecida por Miles e Huberman (1994), de promover a análise dos dados coletados por meio da codificação dos constructos identificados no Referencial Teórico. Também se realizou um teste de teorias, a fim de se verificar qual das duas teorias analisadas - Teoria da Estruturação Adaptativa, desenvolvida por DeSanctis e Poole (1994), e Teoria Institucional, desenvolvida por Meyer e Rowan (1977) - seria a que mais fidedignamente explicaria os fenômenos observados nesta pesquisa. Como resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que o uso de plataformas de redes sociais gerou mudanças incrementais, essencialmente no contexto dos processos da área de Marketing, com destaque para as atividades de comunicação de marketing, seja com a reestruturação de fundamentos como mídia, conteúdo e dinâmica de resposta, seja com o efetivo compartilhamento de parte destas atividades com a nova área de redes sociais que foi introduzida nas organizações. Mudanças no tocante à própria estrutura organizacional não foram observadas, enquanto que em relação aos sistemas existe um movimento de integração ainda em desenvolvimento. Em relação ao teste de teorias realizado, constatou-se que a Teoria Institucional é a que mais predominantemente explica o fenômeno como um todo, e os casos especificamente. Porém, o constructo relativo aos usos corporativos de redes sociais é predominantemente explicado pela Teoria da Estruturação Adaptativa, o que implica em reflexões acerca da efetividade do uso das teorias de sistemas de informação em fenômenos complexos. / Social Networking Sites (SNS) are rising as one of the leading emerging technologies into the organisational environment, with several organisations joining to these sites, in an extension to the original usage, firstly oriented to natural persons. As a result, it becomes relevant to comprehend whether changes that are occurring into the organisations - especially on marketing departments - are just a movement of adaptation to a given SNS, or if one can expect a continuity of these changes in order to consolidate a new technological paradigm. Therefore, this research aims to comprehend implications, to the functions of marketing departments, of the usage of SNS into the Brazilian organisations of retail and services sectors. For that, this research makes use of multiple cases strategy, in a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive perspective, analysing four organisations leaders in their market sector, which are: Bradesco (financial services), São Paulo Metro (public transportation services), TECNISA (real estate) and Telefonica Vivo (telecommunications). This research have used, as data collection techniques, semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and documental research. Data analysis process has made with support of software NVivo, version 9.0, based on the perspective of methodological rigor highlighted in Dubé and Paré (2003). In order to follow the methodological orientation observed in Miles and Huberman (1994), data analysis has made through the codification of constructs identified on Literature Review. Also, it has been realised a theory testing, in order to verify which of two theories analysed - Adaptive Structuration Theory, developed by DeSanctis and Poole (1994), and Institutional Theory, developed by Meyer and Rowan (1977) - could trustworthily explain the phenomena observed in this research. As a main result, it can affirm that the usage of SNS has implied in incremental changes, essentially in the context of marketing department processes. These changes have affected the process of marketing communication with the restructuration of fundaments like media, content and dynamics of response, as well as the effective sharing of some activities with new SNS departments once created into the organisational environments. It has not observed changes related to the organisational structure, while changes related to the information systems are in an integration movement already under construction. Related to the theory testing, it has been verified that Institutional Theory is the most reliable to explain the main phenomenon, as well as cases separately. Notwithstanding the Adaptive Structuration Theory is the most trustworthily that explains the construct related to the corporate use of SNS, implying in reflections about the effectiveness of using Information Systems theories to explain complex phenomena.

Atualmente, as plataformas de redes sociais despontam como uma das principais tecnologias emergentes no universo organizacional, com diversas empresas aderindo a estas plataformas, numa ampliação do uso originalmente concebido para as pessoas físicas. Por conta disso, torna-se relevante compreender se as mudanças que estão ocorrendo nas organizações - especificamente na área de marketing - são apenas um movimento de adaptação à determinada plataforma, ou se se vislumbra uma maior perenidade dessas mudanças, com vistas à consolidação de um novo paradigma tecnológico. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo compreender as implicações do uso de plataformas de redes sociais nas funções da área de marketing das organizações brasileiras do setor de comércio e serviços. Para tanto, esta pesquisa utiliza a técnica do estudo de casos múltiplos, numa perspectiva qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, contemplando quatro organizações líderes em seus segmentos de mercado, sendo elas: Bradesco (serviços financeiros), Metrô de São Paulo (serviços de transporte público), TECNISA (construção civil) e Telefônica Vivo (telecomunicações). Utilizou-se, como técnicas de coleta de dados, entrevistas orientadas por roteiro semiestruturado, observação não participante e pesquisa documental. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio do software NVivo, versão 9.0, em função do rigor metodológico destacado por Dubé e Paré (2003) e da orientação metodológica estabelecida por Miles e Huberman (1994), de promover a análise dos dados coletados por meio da codificação dos constructos identificados no Referencial Teórico. Também se realizou um teste de teorias, a fim de se verificar qual das duas teorias analisadas - Teoria da Estruturação Adaptativa, desenvolvida por DeSanctis e Poole (1994), e Teoria Institucional, desenvolvida por Meyer e Rowan (1977) - seria a que mais fidedignamente explicaria os fenômenos observados nesta pesquisa. Como resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que o uso de plataformas de redes sociais gerou mudanças incrementais, essencialmente no contexto dos processos da área de Marketing, com destaque para as atividades de comunicação de marketing, seja com a reestruturação de fundamentos como mídia, conteúdo e dinâmica de resposta, seja com o efetivo compartilhamento de parte destas atividades com a nova área de redes sociais que foi introduzida nas organizações. Mudanças no tocante à própria estrutura organizacional não foram observadas, enquanto que em relação aos sistemas existe um movimento de integração ainda em desenvolvimento. Em relação ao teste de teorias realizado, constatou-se que a Teoria Institucional é a que mais predominantemente explica o fenômeno como um todo, e os casos especificamente. Porém, o constructo relativo aos usos corporativos de redes sociais é predominantemente explicado pela Teoria da Estruturação Adaptativa, o que implica em reflexões acerca da efetividade do uso das teorias de sistemas de informação em fenômenos complexos. / Social Networking Sites (SNS) are rising as one of the leading emerging technologies into the organisational environment, with several organisations joining to these sites, in an extension to the original usage, firstly oriented to natural persons. As a result, it becomes relevant to comprehend whether changes that are occurring into the organisations - especially on marketing departments - are just a movement of adaptation to a given SNS, or if one can expect a continuity of these changes in order to consolidate a new technological paradigm. Therefore, this research aims to comprehend implications, to the functions of marketing departments, of the usage of SNS into the Brazilian organisations of retail and services sectors. For that, this research makes use of multiple cases strategy, in a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive perspective, analysing four organisations leaders in their market sector, which are: Bradesco (financial services), São Paulo Metro (public transportation services), TECNISA (real estate) and Telefonica Vivo (telecommunications). This research have used, as data collection techniques, semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and documental research. Data analysis process has made with support of software NVivo, version 9.0, based on the perspective of methodological rigor highlighted in Dubé and Paré (2003). In order to follow the methodological orientation observed in Miles and Huberman (1994), data analysis has made through the codification of constructs identified on Literature Review. Also, it has been realised a theory testing, in order to verify which of two theories analysed - Adaptive Structuration Theory, developed by DeSanctis and Poole (1994), and Institutional Theory, developed by Meyer and Rowan (1977) - could trustworthily explain the phenomena observed in this research. As a main result, it can affirm that the usage of SNS has implied in incremental changes, essentially in the context of marketing department processes. These changes have affected the process of marketing communication with the restructuration of fundaments like media, content and dynamics of response, as well as the effective sharing of some activities with new SNS departments once created into the organisational environments. It has not observed changes related to the organisational structure, while changes related to the information systems are in an integration movement already under construction. Related to the theory testing, it has been verified that Institutional Theory is the most reliable to explain the main phenomenon, as well as cases separately. Notwithstanding the Adaptive Structuration Theory is the most trustworthily that explains the construct related to the corporate use of SNS, implying in reflections about the effectiveness of using Information Systems theories to explain complex phenomena.

The national security of Sweden has changed as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. To conduct an active defence, to work preventively, and to meet presumed threats, the Swedish Armed Forces need knowledge about organisational learning. Organisational structure is a factor that influence organisational learning. The purpose of the study was to investigate how organisational structure is perceived to affect organisational learning and safety in a military organisation. A single case study was conducted at the Swedish Armed Forces Air Force, where 17 individuals at different organisational levels were interviewed. The data collection method- was semi-structured interviews, and the analytical method was thematic analysis.The study has identified three overall themes: 1) working with uncertainty, 2) mistakes as a learning tool, and 3) organisational knowledge sharing. The results have shown that the AirForce deals with uncertainty in its daily operations, which requires a safe approach, communication, commitment, and proximity. Mistakes are used as a tool for learning within the Air Force to allow for development of routines, controls, and work methods necessary to complete their tasks. Thus, the Air Force needs to deal with mistakes in order to be able to work safely in the future. Organisational knowledge sharing consists of structure and rivalry, which affects the ability to make knowledge persistent within the Air Force. Inclusive, the results show a behavior that indicates that “errors” are used as a tool to change routines in the organisation. / Sveriges säkerhetsläge är i dag förändrat till följd av den ryska invasionen av Ukraina. För att vara kapabel att bedriva ett aktivt försvar, arbeta förebyggande och möta presumtiva hot behöver Försvarsmakten kunskap om organisatoriskt lärande. Organisatorisk struktur är en faktor som påverkar organisatoriskt lärande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka på vilket sätt organisationsstruktur upplevs påverka organisatoriskt lärande och säkerhet i en militärorganisation. En singulär fallstudie genomfördes vid Försvarsmaktens flygvapen, där 17 individer på olika organisatoriska nivåer intervjuades. Datainsamlingsmetod var semistrukturerade intervjuer och analytisk metod var tematisk analys. Studien har identifierat tre övergripande teman: 1) arbeta med osäkerhet, 2) misstag som lärandeverktyg, och 3) organisatorisk kunskapsuppdelning. Resultatet har visat att flygvapnet hanterar osäkerheter i sin dagliga verksamhet, vilket ställer krav på säkra arbetsmetoder, kommunikation, engagemang och närhet. Flygvapnet använder misstag som lärandeverktyg för att kunna utföra sin uppgift och förändra rutiner, styrningar och arbetsmetoder som inte fungerar. Därmed behöver flygvapnet omhänderta misstag för att kunna arbeta säkert framgent. Organisatorisk kunskapsuppdelning består av struktur och rivalitet, vilket påverkar förmågan att göra kunskap inom flygvapnet beständigt. Sammanlagt visar resultat på ett beteende som indikerar att ”fel” används som ett verktyg för att förändra rutiner i verksamheten.

No / According to annual reports of European and North American ski resort corporations, winter sports destinations are facing stagnating markets and at the same time challenges in the management of environmentally sensitive mountainous areas and villages. The survival and development of winter sports destinations are to a large extent centred around strategies for creating competitive advantage and at the same time meeting the criteria of sustainable tourism laid down by the WTO. In this paper, performance on these two dimensions is combined into the concept of strategic performance. Sustained value creation is suggested as a goal of strategic performance in winter sports destinations.Two new models related to the strategic analysis of winter sports destinations are developed. The first is a suggested configuration of value creation in winter sports destinations¿the ¿value fan¿¿and the second is a conceptual organisational model providing a framework for analysis at strategic level of such destinations. The models have emerged from examining the central body of literature in the field of strategic management. Development of the models is part of ongoing research into what kind of organisational structure of winter sports destinations will lead to superior performance in terms of strategic success. Here the concepts of the ¿community model¿ and the ¿corporate model¿ of destination management are introduced.

<p>There are voices in the research field suggesting that universities should become learning organisations in order to be more competitive and efficient. However, the proposal is mainly based on theoretical and normative discussions rather than on empirical research. Therefore, this study has explored and reviewed in what way a university organisation has organised its inner life and illuminate in what way its local organisation matches the characteristics of a constructed theoretical model of a learning organisation. The study has furthermore explored in what way the organisational characteristics interact with one another in order to find out whether they support or hinder organisational learning.</p>

Denna litteraturstudie fokuserar på Enterprise Architecture (EA), dess definitioner och underliggande ramverk. Vi har valt att göra en litteraturstudie då access till företag med information kring EA ansågs vara svår och utesluter därför intervjuer och andra direkta tillvägagångsätt då vi upptäckte att det är svårt att få tag på vettig information. Zifa konferensen är en internationell EA-konsult konferens som förespråkar konsulter och säljtekniker istället för att fokusera på grundvärdena av EA. Detta föreslår att ett objektivt resultat bara kunde erhållas genom en litteraturstudie. Ännu en anledning bakom valet av studie är att EA är en grundläggande process på detaljnivå, denna inkluderar basala saker så som inköps-/försäljningspriser. Detta anser vi vara känslig information som skapar förhinder för access. Syftet är att ta fram en integrerad modell som beskriver EA och verksamheter, med tanke på kostnaderna kring EA syftas här på medelstora till stora företag då det är dyrt att kartlägga en verksamhet.Litteraturstudien använde sig av snöbollsmetoden när det kom till val av källor samt en rad olika krav för vilka källor som skulle inkluderas. Dels för att det inte skulle bli överflödigt och dels för att det fanns så mycket litteratur att välja bland. Då det fanns så mycket litteratur kring ämnet anpassade vi strängt snöbollseffekten när vi valde studier, vi sökte fram tre vetenskapliga källor, därefter letade vi endast efter källor som var inkluderade eller härleddes från dessa. Fribergs modell av litteraturstudier användes som en utgångspunkt och grund för hur hela uppbyggnaden skulle se ut.Resultaten från samtliga källor visar på skiljaktigheter kring basala förklaringar såsom definitionen av EA samt mer invecklade teman där många källor visar att EA kan bringa vinst och hög avkastning till ett företag samtidigt som andra källor säger att EA är dyrt. Slutsatsen blev därför att det finns mycket kvar att undersöka inom området av EA och att företag borde öka sin kunskap inom detta område innan de implementerar EA. Den föreslagna möjligheten för företag är att skapa en intern arkitekturavdelning som en sjätte konfiguration enligt Mintzberg. Denna avdelning har hand om kartläggningen och arbetar för företaget istället för att hyra extern hjälp i form av konsulter som inte är invigda i verksamheten och som kräver lång tid för att lära känna den specifika verksamheten.

Background: Customers’ easy access to information and communications technology has increased the pressure for firms to deliver good experiences within tourism. This is due to that customers can now easily compare tourism services between different firms online. The quality of experiences is affected by good service delivery that can be improved by several actors within a service ecosystem. Furthermore, service delivery leads to value co-creation between all the actors that are involved. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how firms can create good experiences via service ecosystems and how they can co-create value with local service providers. Methodology: The study follows a qualitative research approach. Findings are based on an embedded case study consisting of interviews, observation participation and information from secondary sources such as official documents and documents from the case firm. Findings: Travel firm scan create good experiences by having an organisational culture and structure that increases commitment within the organization and service ecosystem. This can be achieved by aligning organisational goals with the goals of the actors within the service ecosystem. Furthermore, experiences can be improved by technology since it allows for smoother communication within the ecosystem. Good experiences can lead to brand value, which can result in positive electronic word of mouth and more customers. More customers increase economic value within the service ecosystem, which can increase the standard of living for local service providers. In addition, service ecosystems can yield intangible value from social and environmental aspects.

There are voices in the research field suggesting that universities should become learning organisations in order to be more competitive and efficient. However, the proposal is mainly based on theoretical and normative discussions rather than on empirical research. Therefore, this study has explored and reviewed in what way a university organisation has organised its inner life and illuminate in what way its local organisation matches the characteristics of a constructed theoretical model of a learning organisation. The study has furthermore explored in what way the organisational characteristics interact with one another in order to find out whether they support or hinder organisational learning.

One of the challenges facing the education system in South Attica is a lack of the culture of teaching and learning. 1t is this challenge that prompted this research. The research investigated how the principal, as an instructional leader~ can restore the culture of teaching and learning in previously disadvantaged schools. A qualitative approach was used and three schools were selected in the Sambandou Circuit ofthe Northern Province. The research results showed that there are general and management factors that contribute to a lack of the culture of teaching and learning. Management factors include, amongst others, 1ack of staff development programmes and discipline. The general factors, on the other hand, include, amongst others, poor physical conditions and infrastructure in schools. In conclusion, the research recommended, amongst others, that principals conduct staff development programmes and supervise the work of educators and learners.

The primary objective of the thesis is to analyze the operation and management of the AC&C Public Relations agency and suggest changes possibly leading to higher efficiency. Within the thesis itself, I have mostly focused on the current organisational structure of the agency which I have selected to be the principal problem of its recent operation and source of potential future risks. The theoretical part based mainly on specialized publications supplemented by my own experience, explains the meaning of Public Relations as such and describes the principles of organization and management of small-sized companies including Czech PR agencies. In the second part, the current situation and ways of management at the AC&C Public Relations agency are analyzed and reviewed. The theoretical methods involve the use of SWOT analysis and qualitative reserch. The third part aims at suggesting specific changes possibly useful in making the current operation of the agency more efficient. Therein, the most specific points of management and work of a PR agency are explained. The final chapter deals with the influence of the contemporary financial recession on the operations of the agency and includes suggestions for coping with a period of the kind.