Background Physical distance has in previous studies shown to affect leadership management since it has a negative influence on, for example, the exchange of information and the possibility to review achievements. The fast technology development has neutralized these effects to some extent as well as the possibility to be reachable virtually. The target of this study is a service organization which has managers and coworkers spread in multiple cities in the country. The organization has therefore had an interest of exploring how the geographical distance affects the leadership and its implications on the efficiency. Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore how the geographical distance affects the leadership in the organization based on communication, appraisal, support and motivation and also organizational participation. Furthermore, the purpose is also to highlight the strengths and challenges that the organization faces due to the above mentioned factors and finally present concrete suggestions of improvements. Execution A qualitative case study, consisting of 25 interviews with both managers and coworkers, has been executed. The interview guide used was based on the theoretical framework and the approach was therefore deductive. Result and conclusions The study shows that frequent communication exists today between managers and coworkers although there is a need to improve its regularity. Physical meetings are quite rare but that does not affect the operational workday for the coworkers. There is therefore a need to strengthen the personal relationship and also the exchange of experience between the coworkers. The study has also shown that the appraisal process is perceived positively by the respondents but there is a need to increase the number of follow ups and enhance the long term connection since that will strengthen the purpose and increase the possibilities for implementing the change. Both managers and coworkers request more feedback since it today is given on an irregular basis. The respondents consider both the goal converging in the organization and the degree of decentralization to be working well today. Lastly the study shows that many good solutions exist within the organization but in order to share these, effective communication channels are needed. / Bakgrund Fysisk distans har i tidigare studier visats försvåra ledarskapsarbetet då det har en negativ inverkan på exempelvis informationsutbyte och möjligheten att bedöma prestationer. Den snabba teknikutvecklingen har dock kunnat neutralisera dessa effekter till en viss grad, liksom möjligheten att vara tillgänglig virtuellt. Studieobjektet är en serviceorganisation med chefer och medarbetare spridda över ett flertal orter i landet. Organisationen har därför haft ett intresse av att undersöka hur den geografiska distansen påverkar ledarskapet och vilka implikationer detta medför på effektiviteten. Syfte Utifrån bakgrunden är studiens syfte därmed att undersöka hur den geografiska distansen påverkar ledarskapet inom organisationen med utgångspunkt i kommunikation, utvecklingssamtal, stöd och motivation samt organisationsdelaktighet. Detta för att lyfta fram de styrkor och utmaningar som finns inom organisationen vad gäller dessa samt hur de kan bemötas för att slutligen ge konkreta förbättringsförslag. Genomförande En kvalitativ fallstudie, bestående av 25 stycken intervjuer med både chefer och medarbetare inom organisationen, har genomförts. Angreppssättet för studien var deduktivt då den teoretiska referensramen legat till grund för framtagningen av intervjuguiden. Resultat och slutsatser Studien visar att frekvent kommunikation mellan chefer och medarbetare förekommer idag men det krävs mer regelbundenhet då den idag är händelsestyrd. Fysiska träffar sker mer sällan men detta påverkar inte medarbetarnas operativa vardag. Det finns däremot ett behov av att stärka relationer på det personliga planet och öka erfarenhetsutbytet mellan medarbetarna. Studien visar även att utvecklingssamtalsprocessen uppfattas på ett positivt sätt av respondenterna men det krävs fler uppföljningstillfällen och tydligare långsiktig koppling för att stärka syfte och öka möjligheterna till förändringsgenomförande. Både chefer och medarbetare efterfrågar mer feedback då det idag sker på mer oregelbunden basis. Respondenterna anser att det finns målkonvergering inom organisationen och att graden av decentralisering fungerar bra. Slutligen visar studien att det idag finns många bra exempel på lösningar inom organisationen men för att denna kunskap ska kunna överföras till andra i samma sits krävs effektiva kommunikationskanaler.

Essa dissertação visa elaborar recomendações para agilizar o lançamento de novos produtos de informação em organizações de grande porte, com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas.A seleção dos dezesseis entrevistados foi realizada procurando identificar três públicos diferentes: cinco gestores de novos produtos em empresas de grande porte, cinco gerentes de aceleradoras e seis empreendedores. Foram coletados fatos e impressões destas fontes e comparados com a bibliografia pesquisada.Foi constatado que o tempo é o fator primordial no lançamento de novos produtos e que este é inerente a todas as decisões relacionadas a fatores dos aspectos internos da empresa e do ambiente organizacional.As principais recomendações advindas da análise foram: quantificar o valor do tempo, de forma que as decisões comparativas entre o tempo e os aspectos burocráticos de um lançamento em uma grande empresa possam ser balizados; utilizar o produto mínimo viável (MVP) para validar a comercialização do novo produto; criar processos flexíveis, tendo em vista que é fundamental a experimentação com o mercado no momento de lançamento;valorizar a marca e os produtos já existentes no portfólio da empresa no lançamento, evidenciando as vantagens da corporação na comunicação; criar parcerias e incentivar a inovação aberta para não depender apenas do crescimento orgânico; incentivar o envolvimento de colaboradores com o projeto do novo produto, de modo interdepartamental, criando possibilidades de job rotatione adequando a composição da equipe a cada fase do projeto; alocar recursos específicos a cada novo produto, para evidenciar prazos claros e evitar as necessidades burocráticas comuns a grandes empresas; incentivar a mentoria entre dirigentes da empresa e a equipe do novo produto; entender o problema do cliente como o ponto de partida do lançamento; usar métricas ao longo de todo o processo da inovação para avaliar o atingimento dos objetivos e o direcionamento correto das ações. / This dissertation aims to elaborate recommendations to accelerate the launch of new information products in large organizations. This research was based on a bibliographical research and semi-structured interviews. The selection of the sixteen interviewees was carried out in order to identify three different audiences: five managers of new products in large companies, five managers of accelerators and six entrepreneurs. The collected facts and impressions from these sources were compared with the bibliography. It was found that time is the primary factor in the launch of new products and that it is inherent in all decisions related to internal aspects of the company and the organizational environment. The main recommendations of the analysis were to: quantify the value of time, in order to validate comparative decisions between the time and the bureaucratic aspects of a launch in a large company; use the minimum viable product (MVP) to validate the new product; create flexible procedures, since market experimentation is fundamental at the time of launch; leverage the brand and the products already existing in the portfolio, highlighting their advantages in the communication; create partnerships and encourage open innovation not to rely solely on organic growth; encourage the involvement of employees in the new product design, in an interdepartmental manner, creating possibilities of job rotation and adjusting the composition of the team to each phase of the project; allocate specific resources to the new product showing clear deadlines and avoiding the bureaucratic needs common to large companies; encourage mentoring between company managers and the new product team; understand the customer\'s problem as the starting point of the launch; use metrics throughout the innovation process to assess achievement of each objectives.

It is increasingly common that organizations enter different forms of collaborations to extend their capabilities in order to reach mutual goals and remain competitive on a rapidly changing market. Due to a gap in literature on cross-cultural collaborations, the purpose of this study is to explore how to increase organizational efficiency in a cross-brand, cross-cultural project. A collaborative project within the TRATON GROUP is observed with a focus on the Swedish and German automotive companies Scania and MAN. With the aim to portray the current situation of challenges within the collaborative project and to suggest improvements for efficiency, two research questions are developed.The study is initiated by gaining an understanding of the specific case and, in parallel, conducting a literature research. By the incorporation of factors for collaborative work and critical success factors for projects, a model of critical collaboration factors is developed and used to map the empirical results to previous research. The model contains several factors that are believed to aid collaborations in increased efficiency. Next, the empirical results are gathered through a total of eleven qualitative interviews with employees from Scania, MAN, and TRATON. Two specific working areas within the collaboration project are chosen as unit of analysis, due to one of them having progressed better than the other one and could therefore provide the study with a practical comparison of project progress.Conclusively, the aim of the study is answered by combining existing literature with a comparison of the working areas within the collaboration project. The study shows that corporate cultures can influence organizational structures and approaches, which leads to several challenges and differences in their ways of working. Although, efficiency can be increased by assessing the critical collaboration factors developed in the model. The study highlights that factors such as shared goals, common organizational structure, resource availability, match of competencies in teams, and relationship-building are strongly related to increased progress and efficiency. Lastly, recommendations to the commissioning firm are provided to bridge differences between the brands to increase their efficiency and progress. / Det blir allt vanligare att organisationer bildar olika former av samarbetsstrukturer för att utvidga sina kompetenser och förmågor för att kunna nå gemensamma mål och förbli konkurrenskraftig på en snabb-föränderlig marknad. På grund av en avsaknad av litteratur inom området med fokus på tvärkulturella samarbetsprojekt är syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur organisatorisk effektivitet påverkas av externa faktorer och kan förbättras i ett tvärkulturellt samarbetsprojekt mellan två företag. Ett samarbetsprojekt inom TRATON GROUP observeras med fokus på de svenska och tyska buss- och lastbilsföretagen Scania och MAN. Med syfte att beskriva samarbetsprojektets nuvarande utmaningar och att föreslå förbättringar för ökad effektivitet utvecklas två forskningsfrågor.Arbetet initieras med att förstå det specifika fallet genom intern dokumentation och möten med anställda, parallellt med en omfattande litteraturstudie. Genom att kombinera litteratur som bemöter samarbetsfaktorer och kritiska framgångsfaktorer för projekt, skapas en modell som sammanfattar kritiska samarbetsfaktorer. Denna modell innehåller faktorer som tros stödja samarbetsprojekt till ökad effektivitet och används i kartläggningen av empiriskt resultat mot teori. Det empiriska resultatet samlades in genom elva kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda från Scania, MAN och TRATON. Två specifika arbetsområden inom samarbetsprojektet mellan MAN och Scania väljs som analysenhet, på grund av studiens tidsbegränsning. Just dessa två arbetsområden väljs ut för att en av dem har haft bättre progress än den andra, vilket gör att en praktisk jämförelse mellan dem kan förse studien med ytterligare information.Sammanfattningsvis besvaras studiens syfte genom en praktisk jämförelse i kombination med tidigare litteratur. Studien pekar på att företagskultur kan påverka organisationsstrukturer och arbetssätt som kan leda till flera skillnader mellan samarbetspartners. Ökad effektivitet kan uppnås genom att använda sig av de kritiska samarbetsfaktorerna som har utvecklas i litteraturavsnittet. Studien belyser att ha ett delat mål, en gemensam organisationsstruktur, tillgång till resurser och att bygga relationer positivt påverkar progress och effektivitet. Till sist ges praktiska rekommendationer till samarbetsparterna för att brygga skillnader mellan dem i syfte att förbättra projektets effektivitet och progress.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T14:19:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMJ.pdf: 1654890 bytes, checksum: 13da6abb22fa39aa1851ff994467c922 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T14:20:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMJ.pdf: 1654890 bytes, checksum: 13da6abb22fa39aa1851ff994467c922 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T14:20:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMJ.pdf: 1654890 bytes, checksum: 13da6abb22fa39aa1851ff994467c922 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T14:20:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMJ.pdf: 1654890 bytes, checksum: 13da6abb22fa39aa1851ff994467c922 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-12 / Não recebi financiamento / The settings of traditional public administration do not pay attention to the demands of contemporary society, which required changes in its structure from the 70s, so that it is possible to offer a more efficient service, to provide higher quality for citizens. In this vein, there appear the proposals of the movement called New Public Management, who design new ways of public management by incorporating techniques derived from the business management. This transformation reached Brazil only from the 90s, especially in the FHC government, but its impact on the change in the public bureaucracy are still developing. This study aims to value the development of public bureaucracy for the efficiency of its management and study the tools proposed by the New Public Management, to show how these ideas were adopted by the Brazilian government. These inputs will serve as a basis for analysis of case study of a new body in the educational sector: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo. Through the analysis of his rectory and decentralized drive Matão, the proposal is to show that this one due to the combination of the current configuration of the public bureaucracy, coupled with an intense policy of expansion of the body, has a management permeated by deficiencies related to the adoption of inadequate management methodologies and it is possible to increase efficiency of its shares if engage in work with proposals of New Public Management. / As configurações da administração pública tradicional não atenderam às demandas da sociedade contemporânea, o que exigiu alterações em sua estrutura a partir da década de 70, para que fosse possível oferecer um serviço mais eficiente, que proporcionasse maior qualidade para o cidadão. Nesse diapasão, surgem as propostas do movimento chamado Nova Administração Pública, que desenham novos modos de gestão pública, por meio da incorporação de técnicas oriundas da administração de empresas privadas. Essa transformação chegou ao Brasil apenas a partir da década de 90, notadamente no governo FHC, mas seus reflexos na alteração do modo de funcionamento da burocracia pública ainda estão em desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho pretende avaliar o desenvolvimento da burocracia pública quanto à eficiência de sua gestão e estudar as ferramentas propostas pela Nova Gestão Pública, para evidenciar até que ponto tais ideias foram adotadas pelo governo brasileiro. Esses insumos servirão como base para análise de estudo de caso de um órgão novo do setor educacional: o Instituo Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo. Por meio da análise da estrutura administrativa de sua reitoria e da unidade descentralizada de Matão, a proposta é mostrar que este ente, devido à combinação da configuração atual da burocracia pública, aliada à uma política de expansão intensa do órgão, apresenta uma gestão permeada por deficiências relacionadas à adoção de metodologias de administração inadequadas e que é possível o aprimoramento da eficiência de suas ações, caso empenhe-se em trabalhar com propostas da Nova Gestão Pública.

L’efficience organisationnelle résulte d’une myriade de microdécisions prises au plus près possible du lieu et du temps d’où émerge la perturbation contextuelle. Le Toyota Production System, au niveau du management, ou l’essor d’Apple Corporation, au niveau des outils pratiques de productivité individuelle, témoignent de cette évolution où la pensée n’est plus séparée de l’action. A preuve, les itinéraires des principaux acteurs de la révolution numérique : les fondateurs de Linux, de Yahoo!, de Wikipédia, d’Amazon.com, de Google ou de Facebook. Ils ne sont pas partis d’une théorie apprise sur les bancs d’une institution scolaire. Procédant par essais et par erreurs, ils n’ont jamais séparé la pensée de l’action. On retrouve ce pragmatisme vertueux en Bavière, Flandre, Ecosse, Euzkadi, Catalogne, Lombardie, Vénétie… Ces régions jouissent du même type d’autonomie – y compris et surtout au niveau culturel - que les Länders allemands ou les cantons helvétiques. La France jacobine a suivi la voie inverse : éradiquer les langues régionales et minoritaires c’est-à-dire les systèmes de signes demeurés au contact sensoriel des choses. Or aujourd’hui, la montée en puissance de la complexité, en saturant la puissance significative du concept, crée les conditions du retour du signe. A l’heure d’Internet, de la transition énergétique et de la nouvelle phase de la mondialisation qui obligent à penser global pour mieux agir local, le retour du signe est inévitable. Il devrait favoriser des modes de production autonome de sens autorisant les organisations et territoires à s’adapter aux mutations d’un contexte devenu imprévisible. / Organizational efficiency is the result of a myriad of micro decisions taken as close as possible from the place and time at which contextual interference emerges. The Toyota Production System, on the management level, and the boom of the Apple Corporation, on the level of the intuitive tools for personal productivity, demonstrate this evolution where thought and action are no more segregated. Proof is the path taken by the main actors of the digital revolution : the founders of Linux, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon.com, Google or Facebook. It did not begin from a classroom theory, but by a trial and error approach that never disconnected the mind from the act.This virtuous pragmatism is also found in Bavaria, Flanders, Scotland, Euskadi, Catalonia, Lombardy, Veneto ... Indeed, these regions have an autonomy - including and particularly at the cultural level - similar to that of the German Länder or the Swiss cantons. On the contrary, Jacobin France followed the opposite path: the eradication of regional and minority languages in which sensory contact with things remained in the sign systems.But today, the rise of complexity, even saturating the significant power of the concept itself, brings the conditions for the return of the sign.

En la actualidad, la exigencia en el cumplimiento de las metas organizacionales requiere inmediatez y eficiencia. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en determinar si la presión laboral influye en el proceso del desempeño que presentan los empleados en sus tareas. A través de diversos recursos, como experimentos, encuestas y estudios, se argumenta que esta presión laboral genera en los colaboradores diferentes resultados. Por un lado, en el ámbito negativo, se observan cuadros de estrés y desmotivación. Por su parte, en el ámbito positivo, se motiva la creatividad y el interés intrínseco. En esta investigación, se analiza cómo el comportamiento del colaborador pueda verse influido por este factor y como esto impacta finalmente en la eficiencia organizacional. Con este estudio, se pretende observar, en un panorama general, cómo las empresas aplican estos mecanismos buscando agregar valor a sus empleados y brindándoles soluciones que impulsen su eficiencia. Asimismo, se decidió realizar esta investigación para poder evidenciar la influencia de la presión sobre el rendimiento del colaborador, y como ésta se manifiesta en función de la obtención de resultados. Las conclusiones a las que arribamos brindarán soporte de conocimiento a las organizaciones sobre las ventajas o desventajas que causa la presión laboral en la eficiencia organizacional. / Currently, the requirement to meet organizational goals requires immediacy and efficiency. The objective of this research is to determine if work pressure influences the performance process that employees present in their tasks. Through various resources, such as experiments, surveys and studies, it is argued that this labor pressure generates different results for employees. On the one hand, in the negative sphere, there are pictures of stress and demotivation. For its part, in the positive sphere, creativity and intrinsic interest are motivated. In this investigation, it is analyzed how the behavior of the collaborator can be influenced by this factor and how this ultimately impacts organizational efficiency. With this study, the aim is to observe, in an overview, how companies apply these mechanisms, seeking to add value to their employees and providing solutions that boost their efficiency. Likewise, it was decided to carry out this research in order to demonstrate the influence of pressure on the performance of the collaborator, and how it manifests itself in terms of obtaining results. The conclusions we reach will provide knowledge support to organizations about the advantages or disadvantages that labor pressure causes in organizational efficiency. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Par rapport aux exigences de plus en plus importantes relatives au Maintien en Condition Opérationnelle d'un système industriel, le processus de maintenance joue un rôle fondamental pour l'amélioration de la disponibilité, de la productivité, etc. Pour essayer de contrôler au mieux ces performances, les responsables de maintenance doivent donc être capables de choisir les stratégies de maintenance et les ressources à mettre en oeuvre les plus adaptées aux besoins. Dans un objectif d'aide à la prise de décisions en maintenance, les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire ont pour objet de proposer une méthodologie pour l'élaboration d'un modèle support permettant par simulation d'évaluer les différentes stratégies. La valeur ajoutée de la méthodologie réside dans l'unification, à base de modèles relationnels probabilistes (PRM), des différents types de connaissance nécessaires à la construction de ce modèle d'évaluation. Ce dernier est ainsi construit à partir de motifs génériques et modulables représentatifs des variables décisionnels du système industriel (système principal) et de son système de maintenance. Ces motifs, par instanciation, facilitent la construction des modèles d'applications spécifiques. Cette méthodologie, issue du projet ANR SKOOB, est testée sur le cas applicatif de la maintenance d'un système de production de ferment. / Nowadays, the importance of the maintenance function has increased, due to the requirements on the maintain in operational conditions phase (MCO) of the system-of-interest (SI). As well as for the relevant role of maintenance in improving availability, performance efficiency, total plant availability, etc. To control performances, maintenance managers should be able to make some choices about the maintenance strategies and the resources that can fulfil the requirements. Within this context, we propose a methodology to formalize a model allowing to perform simulation to assess maintenance strategies. The scientific contribution of our work is that this approach unify by using a probabilistic relational model (PRM), different kind of knowledge needed to assess maintenance strategies. Knowledge is presented as generic and modular patterns based on PRM. These patterns integrate relevant decisional variables of the system of interest and of its maintenance system. This approach eases the modeling phase for a specific application. This methodology is one of the results of the project ANR SKOOB. This approach was tested on an industrial case for the maintenance of a harvest production process

В диссертации рассматривается внедрение инновационной организационной модели реформирования ЖКХ Свердловской области в формате некоммерческого партнерства, которое в свою очередь объединяет саморегулируемые организации и региональных операторов услуг различных направлений в сфере ЖКХ. Жилищно-коммунального хозяйство (далее ЖКХ) является многоотраслевой сферой, объединяющей жилищный и коммунальный сектора, а также органы местного самоуправления в рамках установленных полномочий, и предполагает их слаженное взаимодействие, результаты которого могут являться для региона фактором развития и роста, или кризисным аспектом. Представленная в рамках магистерской диссертации схема предполагает осуществление слаженного производственного процесса и формирование базы для развития данного сектора, путем сотрудничества всех участников рынка на базе некоммерческого партнерства. Базовым преимуществом является возможность создания правил и стандартов деятельности отдельно по каждому из направлений сферы ЖКХ, а также формирование единой стратегии развития сферы ЖКХ в целом в регионе. Данная схема управления в сфере ЖКХ позволит регулировать процесс деятельности и развития данного сектора путем взаимодействия и сотрудничества всех участников рынка на платформе некоммерческого партнерства. / The subject of the thesis is implementing an innovative organizational model of reforming of housing and communal services in Sverdlovsk Oblast in the form of a nonprofit partnership, which unites self-regulating organizations and regional service operators from different areas of housing and communal services. The housing and communal services sector is a diversified area, incorporating housing and communal sectors, as well as local administration, in the framework of established authority, and presuming their coordinated interaction, contributing either to the region’s possible growth and development, or its crisis. The scheme represented in this master’s thesis implies realization of a coordinated production process and building up a foundation for the sector’s development by means of cooperation among all the market participants within a nonprofit partnership. The main advantage is the opportunity to create separate sets of rules and standards for each area of housing and communal services, as well as a unified strategy for housing and communal services development in the region. This management scheme will enable us to regulate the sector’s functioning and development by means of interaction and collaboration among all the market participants on the basis of a nonprofit partnership.