Utilizing clients in decision-making, advocacy, and service delivery roles within the treatment environment is one means of providing the chronic mentally disabled with opportunities for participatory social roles, choice and control. However, client deficiencies of skill, experience, and motivation are suggested to be barriers to the successful accomplishment .of this purpose. Strategies are needed to overcome these barriers. Feedback has been shown to be an effective, low-cost tool for increasing accomplishment in work settings. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of feedback in increasing the independent participation of a mental health consumer advisory group. This was investigated utilizing a multiple baseline design across the three behaviors required to fulfill the group's functions. A structured agenda, including all necessary tasks was also introduced for each of the three behaviors. While inclusion of a task as an agenda item was found to be sufficient to assure a high level of participation, consistency of this high level was increased with feedback. As the study progressed, the percentage of consumer generated tasks on the agenda increased. Results suggest that while this mental health consumer group initially lacked the skills and knowledge to specify the tasks required to fulfill its functions when the tasks were specified, the group generally performed them with a high level of independent participation. This study also suggests that, with experience, skills and knowledge increased resulting in increased consumer group independence in specifying the tasks required to structure the agenda and fulfill its roles.

No description available.

Catchment populations and cross-boundary flow characteristics of health facilities in Natal and KwaZulu have not previously been determined. As this information is essential to objective health service planning the present study was undertaken. Utilization. cross-boundary flow and catchment populations were determined in 1986 for each hospital and clinic in Natal and KwaZulu. All of the 61 hospitals and 178 clinics in Natal and KwaZulu which are operated by the public sector were included in the study. The ratio of clinics-to-hospitals was 2.9 1. The overall average population per hospital and clinic was 106775 and 36591 respectively. The size of the catchment populations of hospitals varied from 334972 to 272 and of clinics from 253159 to 877. Factors associated with these variations are discussed. Inter-regional cross-boundary flow of patients varied appreciably. The greatest influx of patients was experienced by the Durban sub-region where the teaching hospital is situated while the greatest influx of patients was experienced in the Port Shepstone sub-region. Attendance rates per person per annum. according to racial group, were 0.9, 2.1, 1.7 and 0.8 respectively for Blacks, Coloureds, Indians and Whites. Recommendations in respect of the distribution of health facilities and the routine collection and use of health information relevant to the management process are submitted. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1987.

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide. Control of Tuberculosis is a serious challenge to global health. A new and potentially devastating threat to TB control is the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). South Africa was ranked fourth among the countries with the highest number of confirmed MDR-TB cases. Aim The aim was to investigate the annual MDR-TB prevalence and associated risk factors for MDR-TB from 2001 to 2007 at the Prince Cyril Zulu Communicable Disease Centre. To investigate previous TB treatment duration, previous TB treatment outcome, and duration of previous TB treatment interruption in a subgroup of patients who were previously treated for TB. To determine the average length of time from diagnosis of TB to diagnosis of MDR-TB and commencement of MDR-TB treatment. Methods An observational analytic nested case-control study design was used. All patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB and who had a sputum culture performed between 2001 and 2007 were included in the study. The cases were all MDR-TB cases diagnosed on sputum culture between 2001 and 2007. The controls were drug susceptible TB cases which had a sputum culture done at diagnosis, and were diagnosed in the same month as the MDR-TB case Results There were 10 205 sputum cultures performed from 2001 to 2007. MDR-TB was found in 445 patients. An increase in the prevalence of MDR-TB occurred in 2007, due to a significant increase in prevalence among new TB cases. The MDR-TB prevalence was 11.7% among new TB cases and 4.7% among previously treated TB cases in 2007. There was no significant association between demographic characteristics and MDR-TB. Previous TB treatment failure and a duration of previous TB treatment of greater than 32 weeks was found to be significantly associated with MDR-TB. The median time from TB diagnosis to MDR-TB diagnosis was 98 day and from MDR-TB diagnosis to MDR-TB treatment 10 days. Discussion Delays in the diagnosis of MDR-TB, long waiting times before MDR-TB treatment commencement and lack of isolation have contributed to the spread of primary MDR-TB and was most likely responsible for the increase in prevalence of MDR-TB among new TB cases. Recommendations It was suggested that a sputum specimen should be obtained for culture and sensitivity from all new TB patients in areas which have an MDR-TB prevalence of greater than 3% among new TB patients. Ensure patient education on basic infection control measures. Improve MDR-TB diagnosis and reduce waiting times for MDR-TB treatment. / Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

No description available.

Submitted by Luis Guilherme Macena (guilhermelg2004@gmail.com) on 2013-04-17T16:55:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Cecy Dunshee de Abranches.pdf: 1750782 bytes, checksum: f98d165944f2edbc9e08ef35e93c785a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-17T16:55:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Cecy Dunshee de Abranches.pdf: 1750782 bytes, checksum: f98d165944f2edbc9e08ef35e93c785a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / A presente tese é apresentada sob o formato de coletânea de artigos. O objeto de estudo proposto – a presença de problemas de saúde mental de adolescentes expostos à violência psicológica (VP) no contexto familiar – foi desenvolvido em quatro artigos, tendo sido o primeiro já publicado em revista científica indexada e os outros serão encaminhados para três diferentes revistas científicas indexadas. Como objetivo geral preocupou-se em investigar a existência de associação entre VP no contexto familiar e problemas de saúde em adolescentes e como objetivos específicos pretendeu-se: a) estimar a exposição à VP, no contexto familiar, em adolescentes usuários dos serviços ambulatoriais de um hospital pediátrico público terciário; b) aferir a prevalência dos problemas de saúde mental e física dos adolescentes pesquisados; c) verificar a associação entre sofrer VP na infância e adolescência no contexto familiar e aspectos sócio-demográficos e familiares; d) analisar a associação entre sofrer VP na infância e adolescência no contexto familiar e condições de saúde física dos entrevistados e e) estudar a associação entre sofrer VP na infância e adolescência no contexto familiar e capacidade de resiliência dos entrevistados. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo transversal, em 3 serviços ambulatoriais do hospital selecionado, com uma amostra de 229 adolescentes (entre 11-18 anos) que responderam ao inquérito epidemiológico e seus responsáveis, sendo que os adolescentes que obtiveram score ≥ 63 na escala Youth Self Report - YSR (que afere problemas de comportamento) foram encaminhados para a aplicação do instrumento Schedulo for Affetive Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children- presente and lifetime -KSADS-PL (com finalidade diagnóstica de psicopatologia). Os resultados encontrados foram: A) Artigo 1: Aumento dos estudos sobre VP contra crianças e adolescentes na última década e que a conscientização e visibilidade desse abuso pode colaborar com a maior prevenção e proteção desta natureza de violência. B) Artigo 2: Encontrou-se que 26,4% enquadram-se na categorização de ter sofrido VP severa. Dos comportamentos de VP com freqüência de sempre/quase sempre apontados por mais de 10% dos entrevistados foram: ser criticado pelo que faz ou diz, não ser encorajado quando tenta atuar de forma autônoma, ser chamado por nomes desagradáveis e ter adulto dizendo que está errado ao tentar agir. A satisfação dos responsáveis com o adolescente, a estrutura familiar nuclear, a posição da criança entre os irmãos e o compartilhamento dos mesmos pais pelos irmãos mostrou-se associada à VP que ocorre no contexto familiar. C) Artigo 3: Aferindo-se os problemas de saúde mental através da escala Youth Self Report (YSR) resultou que 20,4% apresentaram pelo menos um problema de comportamento em nível clínico, destacando-se na associação com VP severa, que ansiedade/depressão apresenta OR=20,57, problemas sociais OR=10,89, problemas de pensamento OR=10,16, comportamentos agressivos OR=8,14. Na escala de resiliência encontrou-se baixo potencial de resiliência em 30,7% dos entrevistados que associado à VP severa na família apresentou que a chance de se ter baixa resiliência é de quase quatro vezes. D) Artigo 4 (em formato de comunicação breve): A seleção e revisão foram realizadas após a ocorrência das entrevistas, através do arquivo médico, no total de 172 prontuários (75,10% dos adolescentes entrevistados). Um total de 26,4% das adolescentes relatou sofrer de VP severa no contexto familiar, porém na revisão não foi encontrado nenhum relato ou notificação sobre maus-tratos. Como conclusão dessa tese tem-se que os resultados demonstram a gravidade dos danos na saúde mental de adolescentes vítimas de VP severa no contexto familiar e a importância da identificação e intervenção dessa vi natureza de violência, como fator de prevenção de problemas de saúde mental, bem como apontam para a relevância em se investir na promoção de resiliência como forma de proteção contra a VP sofrida no contexto familiar. / This thesis is presented in the form of a collection of articles. The subject of the study - the presence of mental health problems in adolescents exposed to psychological violence (PV) within the family - was developed in four articles, the first having been already published in indexed scientific journals, and others will be sent to three different journals. The general goal was to investigate a possible association between PV in the family and health problems in adolescents. The specific goals were: a) estimate exposure to PV in the family context of adolescent users in outpatient units in a state-run tertiary pediatric hospital; b) assess the prevalence of mental and physical health problems in the adolescents surveyed c) verify the association between suffering PV in childhood and adolescence in the family context and socio-demographic and family aspects; d) analyze the association between suffering PV in childhood and adolescence in the family context and the physical health status of respondents and e) study the association between suffering PV during childhood and adolescence in the family and the resilience of respondents. Methodology: a cross-sectional study, in three outpatient services in the selected hospital, with a sample of 229 adolescents (11-18 years) who responded to an epidemiological survey and their parents. The adolescents who had scored ≥ 63 on the Youth Self Report scale - YSR (which measures behavioral problems) were referred to an application of the ScheduloAffetive Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and lifetime-KSADS-PL instrument (for diagnosing psychopathologies). The results were: A) Paper 1: Increase in studies on PV against children and adolescents in the last decade and the awareness and visibility of such abuse can aid improved prevention and protection against such violence. B) Paper 2: It was found that 26.4% fit into the category of having suffered severe PV. PV behaviors with an always/almost always frequency reported by more than 10% of respondents were: being criticized by what you do or say, not being encouraged when trying to act independently, being called unpleasant names and having adults saying you are wrong when you try to act. Dissatisfaction of respondents with the adolescent, the nuclear family structure, the position of the child among siblings and the sharing of same parents by siblings showed to be associated to PV occurring within the family context. C) Paper 3: Cross-checking whether mental health problems across the Youth Self Report (YSR) range showed that 20.4% had at least one behavior problem at the clinical level, especially in association with severe PV, that anxiety/depression presents OR = 20.57, social problems OR = 10.89, thought problems OR = 10.16 and aggressive behaviors OR = 8.14. A low resilience potential, in the resilience scale, was found in 30.7% of respondents which associated to severe PV within the family and showed that the chance of having low resilience is almost four times greater. D) Paper 4 (in the format of a brief communication): Selection and revision were performed after vii interviews, by means of medical records, which totaled 172 records (75.10% of the adolescents interviewed). A total of 26.4% adolescents reported suffering severe PV within the family context, but, in the review, no report or notice of maltreatment was found. Conclusion: results showed the severity of damages to the mental health of adolescents who are victims of severe PV in the family context and the importance of identification and intervention in such violence as a means to prevent mental health problems. Results also show the relevance of investing in the promotion of resilience as a means to protect against PV within the family context.

No description available.

La importancia del presente proyecto denominado “Roadmap de soluciones tecnológicas para el monitoreo remoto en servicios ambulatorios” es atribuida al planteamiento de propuestas de soluciones que permitan mejorar el problema del bajo grado de adherencia por parte de los pacientes ambulatorios a los tratamientos médicos, al mismo tiempo que se abordaba la necesidad de investigación asociada al uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación para incrementar la adherencia a los tratamientos en cuestión. Para ello, el principal aporte de la presente investigación fue la elaboración de un roadmap de soluciones a ser implementadas en los años propuestos basado en un análisis de tendencias tecnológicas aplicadas al campo de estudio del monitoreo remoto en servicios ambulatorios.  Los resultados del proyecto fueron, por un lado, la validación satisfactoria del roadmap elaborado con el apoyo de expertos en el campo de medicina y expertos en el campo de tecnología. Por otro lado, se obtuvo una cartera de proyectos relacionados a las soluciones propuestas, en el cual se planteó proyectos de investigación para los siguientes años, asociados a las soluciones tecnológicas que se propusieron en el roadmap, y que buscaran solucionar el bajo grado de adherencia a los tratamientos. / The importance of this project called "Roadmap of technological solutions for remote monitoring in outpatient services" is attributed to the proposal of solutions that improve the problem of low degree of adherence by outpatients to medical treatments, to At the same time, the need for research associated with the use of information and communication technologies to increase adherence to the treatments in question was addressed. For this, the main contribution of this research was the development of a roadmap of solutions to be implemented in the proposed years based on an analysis of technological trends applied to the field of study of remote monitoring in outpatient services. The results of the project were, on the one hand, the satisfactory validation of the roadmap prepared with the support of experts in the field of medicine and experts in the field of technology. On the other hand, a portfolio of projects related to the proposed solutions was obtained, in which research projects were proposed for the following years, associated with the technological solutions that were proposed in the roadmap, and that sought to solve the low degree of adherence to treatments. / Tesis

MA (Psychology) / Department of Psychology

This diploma thesis, "Institute or field services?", deals with the topic of social services for people with intellectual disabilities. It focuses on the analysis of various types of social services - field, outpatient and residential services - due to the specific needs of different clients with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the thesis is to determine the structure of clients in residential institutions for people with intellectual disabilities and to identify factors on which families choose to use specific social services and determine the views of stakeholders in the field of social services on the benefits and limits of those types of services for people with intellectual disabilities. The issue of social services is assessed through the theoretical concept of rights of people with intellectual disabilities and the concept of de-institutionalization of social services. As a research method the questionnaire was used for providers of residential services in the capital city of Prague and interviews with various stakeholders in the field of services for people with intellectual disabilities. The conclusion discusses the most important issues in the care of people with intellectual disabilities and specific recommendations for improving the issue.