Introdução: A infecção pelo VHC é uma epidemia de proporções globais, que se torna crônica em cerca de 85% dos indivíduos. Sobrecarga de ferro secundária a mutações HFE vem sendo proposta como fator agravante na evolução da hepatite crônica C. Objetivos: Avaliar se sobrecarga de ferro, mutações no gene HFE estão associadas a progressão da fibrose hepática e a carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) em portadores crônicos VHC. Casuística e Métodos: De um banco de 2300 pacientes matriculados nos Ambulatórios de Hepatologia e de Transplante Hepático do HCFMUSP, selecionaram-se 320 portadores de hepatite crônica C. Os homens (55,6%) apresentaram 50,8 anos de idade em média e as mulheres 54,3. Obtiveram-se dados clínicos e laboratoriais da época da biópsia hepática, admissionais ou com pelo menos um ano de wash-out do tratamento antiviral. Considerou-se sobrecarga bioquímica níveis de ferro, saturação da transferrina e ferritina acima dos valores de referência. Sobrecarga de ferro tecidual foi identificada pela coloração de Perls graus 3-4. As mutações HFE C282Y e H63D foram pesquisadas pela técnica de PCR em tempo real, em DNA extraído de sangue total, após assinatura de TCLE aprovado pelo comitê de ética local. A fibrose hepática foi considerada avançada para graus 3-4 da classificação SBH/SBP e Metavir (n=167, 52,2%). CHC foi definido por biópsia ou por imagem típica por 2 métodos e AFP 400 mg/dL (n=45, 14,1%). Investigaram-se antecedentes de etilismo, diabetes mellitus, IMC e esteatose em biópsia hepática. A partir dos resultados de genotipagem HFE, constituiu-se um subgrupo caso-controle (n=182) com os portadores de mutações e pares de idade, sexo, etnia e IMC similares. Procederam-se análises de correlação bivariada e multivariada (IC=95%) nos grupos geral e caso-controle. Resultados: Quando se compararam casos com fibrose leve vs avançada, observaram-se níveis elevados de ferro em 17,7% vs 25,2% (p=0,019); saturação da transferrina em 24,3% vs 36,7% (p=0,001); ferritina em 25,8% vs 32,4% (p=0,040) e sobrecarga de ferro tecidual em 3,6% vs 1,4% (p=0,126). Quanto à mutação C282Y, observaram-se frequências alélicas de 0,9% vs 2,0% (p=0,110) e à H63D 5,0% vs 8,0% (p=0,033). No subgrupo casocontrole, as associações de C282Y e H63D com fibrose avançada ocorreram com significâncias de p=0,072 e 0,008, respectivamente. A análise multivariada, tendo fibrose como variável dependente nesse mesmo subgrupo, confirmou as associações com C282Y (OR=31,45; p=0,006) e H63D (OR=33,70; p=0,001). Neste mesmo subgrupo, a presença de pelo menos um alelo mutante esteve associada à ocorrência de CHC (p=0,015). Não se identificaram outros parâmetros associados a transformação carcinomatosa. Na análise multivariada, foram variáveis associadas a evolução da fibrose idade avançada (OR=2,36; p=0,000), etilismo (OR=2,18; p=0,007), saturação da transferrina (OR=2,11; p=0,010) e mutação H63D (OR=1,97; p=0,03). Discussão e Conclusões: Houve correlação de graus mais avançados de fibrose com níveis elevados de ferro, saturação da transferrina e ferritina; contudo, esses marcadores também podem estar igualmente elevados nos indivíduos com pouca fibrose. Ao contrário, em muitos casos, a sobrecarga bioquímica de ferro pode ser conseqüência da progressão da doença hepática, e não sua causa. As mutações H63D e C282Y ocorreram em associação com maiores graus de alteração arquitetural; mas, como não houve associação entre siderose tecidual e fibrose, é possível que seu papel na agressão hepática não ocorra diretamente por meio da sobrecarga de ferro. Os portadores de mutações HFE apresentam CHC com maior frequência que seus casos-controle. / Introduction: HCV infection is an epidemic of global proportions, which becomes chronic in about 85% of individuals. Iron overload due to HFE mutations has been proposed as aggravating factor in the evolution of chronic hepatitis C. Objectives: To assess whether iron overload, mutations in the HFE gene are associated with progression of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV. Patients and Methods: From a database of 2300 patients enrolled in the outpatient clinics of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, HCFMUSP, 320 patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected. Men (55.6%) were 50.8 years old on average and women 54.3. Admissional clinical and laboratory data at the time of liver biopsy were obtained; when patient had been previously treated with antiviral drugs, the wash-out period required was of at least one year. Biochemical iron overload was defined as iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation above the reference values. Tissue iron overload was identified by Perls staining of grades 3-4. The HFE C282Y and H63D mutations were searched by real-time PCR technique in DNA extracted from whole blood, after signing of FICT approved by the local ethics committee. The liver fibrosis was considered advanced for grades 3-4 in the classification SBH/SBP and METAVIR(n = 167, 52.2%). HCC was defined by biopsy or by typical image by 2 methods and AFP 400 mg / dL (n = 45, 14.1%). Personal history of alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, BMI and steatosis in liver biopsy were obtained. A casecontrol group was constituted based on the results of HFE genotyping (n = 182), subjects were paired by age, gender, ethnicity and BMI. Bivariate correlation and multivariate analysis (CI = 95%) groups in general and case-control were carried-out. Results: When comparing patients with mild vs advanced fibrosis, biochemical high levels of iron were detected in 17.7% vs 25.2% (p = 0.019), transferrin saturation in 24.3% vs 36.7% (p = 0.001), ferritin in 25.8% vs 32.4% (p = 0.040) and tissue iron overload in 3.6% vs 1.4% (p = 0.126). Regarding to HFE mutations, the allelic frequencies of C282Y were 0.9% vs 2.0% (p = 0.110); and of H63D, 5.0% vs 8.0% (p = 0.033). In casecontrol group, associations of C282Y and H63D with advanced fibrosis occurred with significance of p=0.072 and 0.008, respectively. Multivariate analysis with fibrosis as the dependent variable in that group, confirmed the associations with C282Y (OR = 31.45, p = 0.006) and H63D (OR = 33.70, p = 0.001). In this same subgroup, the presence of at least one mutant allele was associated with occurrence of HCC (p = 0.015). There were not any other parameters found in association with carcinomatous transformation. The multivariate analysis using fibrosis as dependent variable showed association with age (OR = 2.36, p = 0.000), alcoholism (OR = 2.18, p = 0.007), transferrin saturation (OR = 2.11, p = 0.010) and H63D mutation (OR = 1.97, p = 0.03). Discussion and Conclusions: Advanced degrees of fibrosis were correlated with high levels of iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin; however, these markers can also be elevated in individuals with slight fibrosis. In contrary, in many cases, the biochemistry of iron overload may be a consequence of progression of liver disease. C282Y and H63D mutations occurred in association with more advanced fibrosis. However, as there was not any correlation between tissue siderosis and fibrosis, it might be possible that liver injury occurs not by the iron overload pathway. Finally, carriers of HFE mutations were found with HCC more frequently than their casecontrol.

This paper deals with the concept "Information Overload" (IO). It describes the intellectualcontent of the idea as well as its supposed domains of activity. Furthermore it problemizes theimage of "Information", "Information Society" and other concepts related to those phenomenons.A division by two fundamental different distinctions of IO are being made. InformationOverload serves as a name for:I. An information-intensive environment.II. A spectrum of different psychic reactions to the environment.As for the supposed domains of activity it is also divided into two basically different categories:I. The specific information-intensive environment.II. Information overload as a major symtom of modem society.One hypothesis proposed is: When a society is overcrowded with information, the meaning ofspecific information tend to be fragmentized to individuals in that society. Therefore, it ismultiple fragments of multiple meanings that serve as a base in those persons interpretationsof reality.

With the volume and availability of information increasing as fast as technological development in society a phenomenon called information overload has emerged. The purpose of our thesis was to investigate how university students experience this increase in volume and ease in access to information. In our study we concentrated our focus on the student’s use of electronic resources. So as not to prejudice our study group our questions focused on different aspects of searching for information. To obtain essential data we interviewed six students and applied a phenomenographic approach in our analysis of the material. Two variations of a students experience emerged from our results, A information overload was positive or B the experience was not positive. The main conclusion of our study was that the phenomenon information overload can be experienced in two qualitative different ways. We hoped that our study could provide a deeper understanding for information overload and how we search for information.

A maior expectativa de vida dos pacientes com talassemia maior, as repetidas transfusões de concentrado de hemácias como parte do tratamento, podem ocasionar maior deposição de ferro nos órgãos, e consequentemente, as comorbidades. Dessa forma, dentre as comorbidades endócrinas, temos o diabetes mellitus como uma das principais, sendo necessário conhecer o panorama em nossa realidade. O estudo tem como objetivos determinar a prevalência do diagnóstico de diabetes em pacientes com talassemia maior, caracterizar e comparar os pacientes com talassemia maior, e diabetes mellitus, segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas.Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado em um centro de referência no tratamento de talassemia do interior paulista. A amostra foi constituída por 31 pacientes com talassemia maior. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento subdividido em duas partes. Os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista dirigida e os resultados de exames laboratoriais pelo prontuário eletrônico do paciente, no período de junho a agosto de 2015. Os dados foram digitados e importados para o programa SPSS for Windows, versão 17.0 e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (CEP/EERP-USP), sob Protocolo nº 41912415.3.0000.5393. Dos 31 pacientes com talassemia maior, 5 (16,1%) tinham diabetes mellitus. Em relação as variáveis sociodemográficas, não houve diferenças na distribuição dos pacientes entre os sexos, a maioria eram solteiros e cursaram até o ensino médio completo. A idade variou de cinco a 48 anos, com média de 24,9 anos de idade, a maioria recebia até 10 salários mínimos, eram estudantes e possuíam carteira de trabalho assinada. No que tange às variáveis clínicas, temos que o tratamento utilizado predominante foi o quelante oral deferasirox, e naqueles pacientes com diabetes, além do deferasirox, a maioria utilizava a insulina. O esquema transfusional predominante foi o de 15 a 22 dias. O índice de massa corpórea foi classificado como eutrófico e a pressão arterial, considerada ótima para a maioria dos pacientes. Quanto aos achados dos exames laboratoriais, os pacientes com diabetes e talassemia apresentaram valores alterados de glicemia de jejum e transaminase, já os pacientes sem diabetes apresentaram valores alterados de ferritina sérica. No que se refere aos achados dos exames de imagem, nenhum paciente com diabetes e Talassemia maior apresentou massa óssea adequada, o que reforça a importância de seu monitoramento. Destaca-se o aumento de sobrecarga cardíaca para os pacientes com diabetes e talassemia. Para os pacientes com talassemia e sem diabetes, a maioria apresentou grave sobrecarga de ferro hepático na ressonância magnética do fígado, enquanto para a maioria dos pacientes com diabetes foi considerado normal. Dessa forma, conhecer as características clínicas dos pacientes com talassemia maior e diabetes permite subsidiar a assistência de enfermagem qualificada e contribuir com a saúde dos pacientes com condições crônicas. Contudo, os nossos achados corroboram com as taxas de prevalência de diabetes em pacientes com talassemia maior encontradas na literatura nacional e internacional / The longer life expectancy of patients with thalassemia major, repeated red blood cell transfusions as part of the treatment, may lead to increased iron deposition in the organs, and consequently, comorbidities. Thus, among the endocrine comorbidities, we have diabetes mellitus as one of the main ones, being necessary to know the panorama in our reality. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients with thalassemia major and to characterize and compare patients with thalassemia major, and diabetes mellitus, according to sociodemographic and clinical variables.This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in a reference center in thalassemia treatment of São Paulo countryside. The sample consisted of 31 patients with thalassemia major. For data collection, an instrument was divided into two parts. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by means of a directed interview and the laboratory tests results by the patient\'s electronic record, from June to August 2015. Data were loaded into SPSS for Windows software, version 17.0 and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (CEP / EERP-USP) under Protocol No. 41912415.3.0000.5393. Of the 31 patients with thalassemia major, 5 (16,1%) had diabetes mellitus. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, there were no differences in the distribution of the patients between the sexes, most of them were single and enrolled in high school. The age ranged from five to 48 years, with a mean of 24,9 years of age, the majority received up to 10 minimum wages, were students and had a work contract. Regarding the clinical variables, we have that the predominant treatment was the oral chelator deferasirox, and in those patients with diabetes, in addition to deferasirox, the majority used insulin. The predominant transfusion regimen was 15 to 22 days. Body mass index was classified as eutrophic and blood pressure was considered optimal for most patients. Regarding the laboratory findings, patients with diabetes and thalassemia had altered values of fasting glycemia and transaminase, whereas patients without diabetes had altered values of serum ferritin. Regarding imaging exams findings, no patient with diabetes and major thalassemia presented adequate bone mass, which reinforces the importance of their monitoring. The increase in cardiac overload for patients with diabetes and thalassemia stands out. For patients with thalassemia and without diabetes, the majority had severe hepatic iron overload in the magnetic resonance imaging of the liver, while for most patients with diabetes it was considered normal. Thus, knowing the clinical characteristics of patients with thalassemia major and diabetes allows subsidizing qualified nursing care and contributing to the health of patients with chronic conditions. However, our findings corroborate the prevalence rates of diabetes in patients with thalassemia major found in the national and international literature

A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é uma alteração da postura e do movimento, permanente, mas não imutável, resultante de um distúrbio no cérebro, não progressivo, devido a fatores hereditários, eventos ocorridos durante a gravidez, parto, período neonatal ou durante os primeiros dois anos de vida, causando limitações nas atividades motoras, freqüentemente acompanhadas de distúrbios de sensação, cognição, comunicação, percepção e comportamento. O nascimento de uma criança com esta condição causa um profundo impacto na família, que se depara com uma situação nova e frequentemente inesperada, fazendo sobressair a figura do cuidador, que em geral, é representado por um familiar, que assume um papel fundamental na melhora da qualidade de vida da criança. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever a sobrecarga que a criança com PC provoca na família e verificar se existe alguma relação entre a sobrecarga, o grau de dependência da criança e o nível socioeconômico da família. Fizeram parte do estudo 150 familiares de crianças com PC que fazem seguimento no Ambulatório de Neurologia Infantil do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto USP. Os dados foram obtidos, antes ou após a consulta médica, utilizando-se um formulário de entrevista contendo informações a cerca da criança, dados sócio-demográficos da família, informações sobre a sobrecarga que a criança acarreta na família, através da Burden Interview Scale, traduzida e validada para o português da versão original inglesa, e por questões abertas relacionadas ao tratamento fisioterapêutico. Os resultados permitiram observar que a maioria das crianças encontrava-se na faixa etária de um a dez anos, com PC do tipo tetraplegia/paresia espástica, geralmente dependentes de cuidados de higiene, alimentação e deambulação. A análise dos dados dos familiares demonstrou a figura da mãe como o familiar cuidador principal, de classe social menos favorecida, com gestação de nove meses, sendo a cesária o tipo mais comum de parto. Foi observado que a sobrecarga referida pelos familiares cuidadores foi de intensidade baixa a moderada, ainda que tenham sido verbalizadas diferentes preocupações referentes à dependência e futuro da criança, bem como a baixa condição financeira e o sentido que deveria estar fazendo mais pela criança. As respostas obtidas das questões abertas evidenciaram o enfrentamento de diversas dificuldades em relação ao comportamento das crianças, periodicidade das sessões de fisioterapia e as enfrentadas na realização dos exercícios propostos pelos profissionais, em domicílio. O estudo possibilitou não apenas caracterizar e compreender os obstáculos atribuídos pelos familiares das crianças em relação à sobrecarga e aos aspectos relacionados ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, mas encerrou em si a visão e a discussão acerca da figura do cuidador familiar que assume a responsabilidade pelo cuidado e que merece o reconhecimento do seu papel, tanto na esfera familiar, como na social, através da implementação de políticas públicas que possam amenizar as dificuldades e problemas advindos desta função. / Cerebral Palsy (CP) is an alteration to ones posture and movement. It is permanent, but not unchangeable, and results from an unprogressive brain disorder, which can be genetic or due to events occurred during pregnancy, delivery, in the neonatal period, or during the first two years of life. This condition causes impairment to ones motor activities, usually accompanied by disorders to the persons sensations, cognition, communication, perception, and behavior. When a child is born with these conditions, the family is deeply affected, since they have to face a new, and often unexpected, situation. In addition, it puts emphasis on the caregiver, who, in general, is one of the family members that takes on a fundamental role in improving the childs quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the overload that a child with CP brings on his or her family, and verify if there is any relationship between the overload, the childs degree of dependence, and the familys socioeconomic level. Participants were 150 family members of children with CP following treatment at the University of São Paulo Child Neurology Outpatient Clinic at the Hospital das Clinicas of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Data were collected before or after the consultation with the physician, using an interview form containing information about the child, the familys socioeconomic data, information about the overload that the child brings on the family, obtained with the Burden Interview Scale, translated and validated for the Portuguese language, and through open questions that address the physiotherapy treatment. The results showed that most children were between one and ten years old, their type of CP was quadriplegia/spastic diplegia, and were usually dependent on others for hygiene care, feeding, and walking. The data analysis for family members showed that the caregiver was usually the childs mother, and that most had a low socioeconomic level, with nine-month pregnancy, with cesarean as the most common type of delivery. The caregivers reported an overload of low to moderate intensity, though stating different concerns regarding the childs dependence and future, as well as the financial difficulties and the feeling that they could be doing more for their child. The answers to the open questions showed the family members had to deal with several difficulties regarding the childrens behavior, the frequency of the physiotherapy sessions, and the difficulty of performing the exercises proposed by the professionals at home. The study made it possible to describe and understand the challenges reported by the childrens family members regarding the overload and the physiotherapy treatment, and to understand and discuss the role of the family member who is the caregiver and deserves to be acknowledged by the family and the society as well, through the implementation of public policies that would reduce the difficulties and problems brought on by this role.

abstract: Multiaxial mechanical fatigue of heterogeneous materials has been a significant cause of concern in the aerospace, civil and automobile industries for decades, limiting the service life of structural components while increasing time and costs associated with inspection and maintenance. Fiber reinforced composites and light-weight aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace structures that require high specific strength and fatigue resistance. However, studying the fundamental crack growth behavior at the micro- and macroscale as a function of loading history is essential to accurately predict the residual fatigue life of components and achieve damage tolerant designs. The issue of mechanical fatigue can be tackled by developing reliable in-situ damage quantification methodologies and by comprehensively understanding fatigue damage mechanisms under a variety of complex loading conditions. Although a multitude of uniaxial fatigue loading studies have been conducted on light-weight metallic materials and composites, many service failures occur from components being subjected to variable amplitude, mixed-mode multiaxial fatigue loadings. In this research, a systematic approach is undertaken to address the issue of fatigue damage evolution in aerospace materials by: (i) Comprehensive investigation of micro- and macroscale crack growth behavior in aerospace grade Al 7075 T651 alloy under complex biaxial fatigue loading conditions. The effects of variable amplitude biaxial loading on crack growth characteristics such as crack acceleration and retardation were studied in detail by exclusively analyzing the influence of individual mode-I, mixed-mode and mode-II overload and underload fatigue cycles in an otherwise constant amplitude mode-I baseline load spectrum. The micromechanisms governing crack growth behavior under the complex biaxial loading conditions were identified and correlated with the crack growth behavior and fracture surface morphology through quantitative fractography. (ii) Development of novel multifunctional nanocomposite materials with improved fatigue resistance and in-situ fatigue damage detection and quantification capabilities. A state-of-the-art processing method was developed for producing sizable carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes for multifunctional composites. The CNT membranes were embedded in glass fiber laminates and in-situ strain sensing and damage quantification was achieved by exploiting the piezoresistive property of the CNT membrane. In addition, improved resistance to fatigue crack growth was observed due to the embedded CNT membrane. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mechanical Engineering 2018

This study examined the kinetic and kinematic differences between accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) and cluster sets in trained male subjects (age = 26.1 ± 4.1 years, height = 183.5 ± 4.3 cm, body mass = 92.5 ± 10.5 kg, and back squat to body mass ratio = 1.8 ± 0.3). Four load condition sessions consisted of traditionally loaded (TL) “straight sets,” TL cluster (TLC) sets, AEL cluster (AEC) sets, and AEL “straight sets” where only the first repetition had eccentric overload (AEL1). An interrepetition rest interval of 30 seconds was prescribed for both TLC and AEC. Concentric intensity for all load conditions was 80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Accentuated eccentric loading was applied to repetitions using weight releasers with total eccentric load equivalent to 105% of concentric 1RM. Traditionally loaded cluster had statistically greater concentric outputs than TL. Furthermore, statistically greater eccentric and concentric outputs were observed during AEC compared with TL with the exception of peak power. Statistically greater concentric characteristics were observed in TLC compared with AEL1, but statistically greater eccentric outputs were observed in AEL1. In the 2 cluster set conditions, statistically greater concentric rate of force development (RFDCON) (d = 0.470, p < 0.001) and average velocity (vavg) (d = 0.560, p < 0.001) in TLC compared with AEC were observed. However, statistically greater eccentric work (WECC) (d = 2.096, p < 0.001) and eccentric RFD (RFDECC) (d = 0.424, p < 0.001) were observed in AEC compared with TLC. Overall, eccentric overload demonstrated efficacy as a means of increasing eccentric work and RFD, but not as a means of potentiating concentric output. Finally, interrepetition rest seems to have the largest influence on concentric power output and RFD.

This paper investigates a potential cause of the observed growth in the magnitude of earnings response coefficients over time since 2001. I hypothesize that the growth is explained by increasing investor reliance on Wall Street analyst earnings per share (“EPS”) estimates to form their next-period EPS expectations. To test my hypothesis, I regress 3-day cumulative abnormal market returns following earnings announcements on an interaction term between the earnings surprise and the number of analyst EPS estimates along with several control variables. I ultimately find no evidence of increasing investor reliance on Wall Street analyst estimates. Furthermore, I fail to replicate the results of prior literature that found an upward trend in earnings response coefficients over time from 2001 to 2011. These contradictory results merit further investigation in future research.

Orientador: Carlos Augusto Araujo Valadão / Resumo: A microbiota bacteriana intestinal dos equinos é heterogênea e complexa, podendo ser alterada por variações introduzida na dieta. A ingestão excessiva de carboidrato solúvel altera a microbiota intestinal com possíveis consequências catastróficas sistêmicas. Com este estudo, buscou-se avaliar as implicações da sobrecarga dietética experimental com amido sobre a microbiota fecal, correlacionando-a com a indução de laminite aguda. Foram utilizados 10 equinos (fêmeas ou machos castrados) SRD, idade média de 13±5,6 anos, e peso médio de 353±28 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2x2 com medidas repetidas no tempo, sendo quatro grupos: controle (GC) - água (10L) por sonda nasogástrica e, após oito horas, solução fisiológica 0,9% (5L) pela cânula cecal; controle-tampão (GCT) - água (10L) por sonda nasogástrica e, após oito horas, solução alcalinizante (3,5g de Al(OH)3, 65,6g de Mg(OH)2) e 1,2g de simeticona pela cânula cecal; amido-controle (GAC) - amido (17,6g/kg) diluído em água (10L) e, após oito horas, solução fisiológica 0,9% (5L) pela cânula cecal; amido-tampão (GAT) - amido (17,6g/kg) diluído em água (10L) e, após oito horas, solução alcalinizante (3,5g de Al(OH)3, 65,6g de Mg(OH)2) e 1,2g de simeticona pela cânula cecal. Amostras de fezes foram colhidas da ampola retal em seis intervalos de tempo: T0 (basal); T8; T12; T24; T48; T72 horas, respectivamente, após a indução com amido. Em período imediato à colheita, av... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The horses’ intestinal bacteria microbiota is heterogeneous and complex and can variate according to diet changes. The excessive intake of soluble carbohydrate changes the intestinal microbiota with possible consequences systemic catastrophic. The goal of this study is to evaluate possible changes by starch overload in the fecal microbiota, correlating it with acute laminitis. Ten mixed breed horses (females and geldings), with age 13±5,6 years and weighting 353±28 kg, were used. They were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2x2 factorial arrangement with repeated measurements over time, being four groups: control (GC) - water (10L) by nasogastric tube and, after eight hours, physiological solution 0,9% (5L) by cecal cannula; buffer-control (GCT) - water (10L) by nasogastric tube and, after eight hours, buffer solution (3,5g of Al(OH)3, 65,6g of Mg(OH)2) and 1,2g of simethicone by cecal cannula; starch-control (GAC) - starch (17,6g/kg) diluted in water (10L) and, after eight hours, physiological solution 0,9% (5L) by cecal cannula; and buffer-starch (GAT) - starch (17,6g/kg) diluted in water (10L) and, after eight hours, buffer solution (3,5g of Al(OH)3, 65,6g of Mg(OH)2) and 1,2g of simethicone by cecal cannula. The fecal samples were collected from rectal ampoule in six different times: T0 (basal); T8; T12; T24; T48; T72 hours, respectively, after the starch overload. Following this, the lameness, the abdominal pain sings, the water and hay intake, the quality ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The present study investigated whether there is a relationship between workload and cognitive overload with self-efficacy, perfectionism, and psychological resilience as possible moderators. Cognitive Load Theory states that individuals have a finite amount of working memory. When the working memory load has reached its maximum, individuals experience cognitive overload. Employees with a higher workload receive higher amounts of information, increasing their cognitive load, thus being more likely to reach cognitive overload. However, self-efficacious individuals, perfectionists, and resilient individuals are more motivated to reach their goals and will persevere despite obstacles. Therefore, I proposed that perceived workload and perceived cognitive overload would be correlated and that self-efficacy, perfectionism, and resilience would moderate that relationship. Using a web-based questionnaire, 278 adults working at least 25 hours per week were given a series of self-report measures about their perceived workload, cognitive overload, self-efficacy, perfectionism, and resilience. Workload was found to be positively correlated with cognitive overload, but self-efficacy, perfectionism, and resilience did not moderate the relationship between workload and cognitive overload. Subsequent analyses provide limited support that level of education moderates the workload-cognitive overload relationship. As personal characteristics do not moderate the relationship between workload and cognitive overload, management in organizations will want to explore different ways to affect the perceived workload of their employees.