The original purpose of this study was to compare initial resuscitation of hemorrhagic hypotension after traumatic brain injury (TBI) with saline and shed blood. Based on those results, the protocol was modified and saline was compared to a blood substitute, diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb). Two series of experiments were performed in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (FiO2 = 0.4) pigs (35-45 kg). In Series 1, fluid percussion TBI (6-8 ATM) was followed by a 30% hemorrhage. At 120 min post-TBI, initial resuscitation consisted of either shed blood (n = 7) or a bolus of 3x shed blood volume as saline (n = 13). Saline supplements were then administered to all pigs to maintain a systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) of >100 mmHg and a heart rate (HR) of <110 beats/min. In Series 2, TBI (4-5 ATM) was followed by a 35% hemorrhage. At 60 min post-TBI, initial resuscitation consisted of either 500 mL of DCLHb (n = 6) or 500 mL of saline (n = 5). This was followed by saline supplements to all pigs to maintain a SAP of >100 mmHg and a HR of <110 beats/min. In Series 1, most systemic markers of resuscitation (e.g., SAP, HR, cardiac output, filling pressures, lactate, etc.) were normalized, but there were 0/7 vs. 5/13 deaths within 5 h (P = 0.058) with blood vs. saline. At constant arterial O2 saturation (SaO2), mixed venous O2 saturation (SvO2), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral venous O2 saturation (ScvO2) were all higher, intracranial pressure (ICP) was lower, and CO2 reactivity was preserved with blood vs. saline (all P < 0.05). In Series 2, SAP, ICP, CPP, and lactate were higher with DCLHb vs. saline (all P < 0.05). Cardiac output was lower even though filling pressure was markedly elevated with DCLHb vs. saline (both P < 0.05). Neither SvO2 nor cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity were improved, and ScvO2 was lower with DCLHb vs. saline (P < 0.05). All survived at least 72 h with neuropathologic changes that included sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, midline cerebellar necrosis, and diffuse axonal injury. These changes were similar with DCLHb vs. saline. Thus, whole blood was more effective than saline for resuscitation of TBI, whereas DCLHb was no more, and according to many variables, less effective than saline resuscitation. These experimental results are comparable to those in a recent multicenter trial using DCLHb for the treatment of severe traumatic shock. Further investigations in similar experimental models might provide some plausible explanations why DCLHb unexpectedly increased mortality in patients.

Des indicateurs physiologiques de l’activité cérébrale pourraient améliorer la détection du délirium. Ce mémoire a pour but de décrire les valeurs d’oxymétrie cérébrale (rSO2) et d’électroencéphalographie traitée (pEEG) pendant les trois premiers jours d’hospitalisation aux SI à la suite d’une chirurgie cardiaque chez le groupe de patients qui présentent un délirium (D+) et chez ceux qui n’en présentent pas (D-), puis de comparer ces valeurs entre les deux groupes. Les mesures concomitantes du Confusion Assessment Method — Intensive Care unit (CAM-ICU), de la rSO2 et de la pEEG sur les ondes alpha, thêta et delta ont été recueillies au premier (J1), deuxième (J2) et troisième (J3) jour à la suite de la chirurgie. Parmi les 125 patients retenus, 10 (8 %) étaient en délirium (CAM-ICU + au moins une fois entre J1 et J3). De J1 à J3, les valeurs de rSO2 moyennes sont similaires pour les deux groupes (D+ : 62,9 à 61,4 %, D- : 62,1 à 58,7 % ; p > 0,05). En comparaison avec le groupe D- en J2, les patients D+ présentent un ratio plus bas d’ondes alpha (2,7 % versus 5,6 % ; p = 0,007) et un ratio d’ondes delta plus élevé (50,5 % versus 45,2 % ; p = 0,009). / Physiological indicators of brain activity could improve the detection of delirium. The purpose of this Master Thesis is to describe the values of cerebral oximetry (rSO2) and processed electroencephalography (pEEG) during the first three days of hospitalization to ICU following cardiac surgery in the group of patients who have delirium (D+) and in those who do not (D-), and then compare these values between the two groups. Concomitant measures of Confusion assessment method — intensive care unit (CAM-ICU), rSO2 and pEEG on alpha, theta and delta waves were collected on the first (D1), second (D2) and third (D3) day following surgery. Of the 125 patients selected, 10 (8%) were in delirium (CAM-ICU + at least once between Day 1 and Day 3). From D1 to D3, the mean rSO2 values are similar for both groups (D+ : 62.9 to 61.4 %, D-: 62.1 to 58.7 %; p > 0.05). Compared with the D- group to D2, the group D+ patients have a lower ratio of alpha waves (2.7 % versus 5.6 % ; p = 0.007) and a higher delta wave ratio (50.5 % versus 45.2 % ; p = 0.009).

No description available.

No description available.

Background: The VItal siGns monItoring with continuous puLse oximetry And wireless cliNiCian notification aftEr surgery (VIGILANCE) study was a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the impact of continuous vital sign monitoring with alerts to nursing staff on the incidence of postoperative complications in surgical ward patients. Multiple factors interfered with the eHealth intervention implementation and conduct of the VIGILANCE study. Through examination of these challenges, the overall aim of this thesis was to help foster an understanding of the difficulties related to eHealth intervention implementation. The specific objectives were to identify issues related to implementation of intervention system of the VIGILANCE study, and to evaluate the influence of these issues on intervention adoption. Methods: During the VIGILANCE study, issues affecting the implementation of the intervention were documented on case report forms, alarm event forms, and a nursing feedback questionnaire. In this thesis, the issues were identified and evaluated using the Clinical Adoption Framework. Results: The key issues identified include nursing workflow changes, patient withdrawal, wireless network connectivity, false alarms, monitor malfunction, probe issues, and wireless network standards. These issues affected the service, system and information quality. As a result, these issues impacted ‘access’ through decreased ability of nurses to make complete use of the monitors; ‘care quality’ of the trial intervention through decreased effectiveness; and ‘productivity’ through interference in the coordination of care, and thus decreased clinical adoption of the monitoring system. Conclusion: Patient monitoring with eHealth technology in surgical wards has the potential to improve patient outcomes. However, proper planning that includes engagement of front-line nurses, installation of appropriate wireless network infrastructure, and use of comfortable cableless devices are required to maximize the potential of continuous monitoring. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / The VIGILANCE study was a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of continuous vital signs monitoring with alerts to nurses on the incidence of postoperative complications in surgical ward patients. This thesis identified and evaluated issues with implementation of wireless monitoring systems in the hospital. During VIGILANCE study issues affecting the intervention implementation were documented on case report forms, alarm event forms, and nursing questionnaires. Data related to these issues were explored using the Clinical Adoption Framework. Identified issues included nursing workflow changes, patient withdrawal, wireless network connectivity, false alarms, monitor malfunction, probe issues, and wireless network standards. The issues affected ‘access’ through decreased ability of nurses to make complete use of the monitors; ‘care quality’ of the intervention through decreased effectiveness; and ‘productivity’ by interfering in the care coordination. Future studies should aim to include front-line nurses, appropriate wireless network, and comfortable cableless devices in their planning.

Study Objectives: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible occurring during sleep. SB is scored, from electromyographic traces, as rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA). Most RMMA occurred during sleep in association with sleep arousal. Since not all RMMA episodes were associated with sleep arousal we hypothesized that some event could be observed in relation to small fluctuations of the oxygen level resulting in mild desaturation/hypoxia. Methods: Sleep laboratory or home recordings from 22 SB (teeth grinding) patients were analyzed from our data bank. A total of 143 RMMA/SB episodes were classified in 4 categories: (i) no arousal & no body movement; (ii) arousal + & no body movement; (iii) no arousal & body movement +; (iv) arousal + & body movement +. Minimum blood oxygen levels were assessed from finger oxymetry signal: 1) during the baseline period before RMMA, i.e., an average of 7 s before RMMA onset (-20 s to -14 s); 2) during RMMA, i.e. a window of 15 s corresponding to -5 s before the onset until +10 s after the episode. For all episodes, the minimum oximetry values were compared for each patient. Results: There was a significant variation of blood oxygen level over time (p=0.001) with a statistically significant transient hypoxia during RMMA at time (+7),(+8) and (+9) s. The variation over time was similar among the 4 groups (non significant group*time interaction p=0.10) and no overall difference was observed between groups (p=0.91). Of the 22 subjects, 6 subjects (27%) remained equal or had a slight increase in SaO2 (+8) s after the RMMA/SB onset compared to baseline (-20 s to -14) s, 10 subjects (45%) showed a small decrease in SaO2 (>0 to <1%) and 6 others (27%) had a decrease of 1-1.8%. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that in some SB patients, RMMA episodes are potentially triggered by minor transient hypoxia. Key words: sleep bruxism, oximetry, desaturation, hypoxia, rhythmic masticatory muscle activity / Objectifs: Le bruxisme du sommeil (BRS) est une activité répétitive des muscles de la mâchoire caractérisée par le serrement et le grincement des dents et/ou par le bracing et le thrusting de la mandibule durant le sommeil. Les mouvements des muscles de la mâchoire que l’on appelle activité rythmique des muscles de la mastication (ARMM) sont des activités oromotrices qui constituent le modèle de base du BRS. La plupart des ARMM sont reliées à un micro-éveil de sommeil. Étant donné que ce ne sont pas tous les épisodes qui sont associés à un micro-éveil, notre hypothèse est qu'une légère désaturation/hypoxie en oxygène pourrait contribuer à l'apparition de certains épisodes d'activité rythmique des muscles de la mastication associé au bruxisme du sommeil-grincement des dents (ARMM/BRS). Méthodologie: Des enregistrements polysomnographiques en laboratoire ou ambulatoire de notre banque de données de 22 patients BRS ont été analysés. Leurs épisodes d'ARMM/BRS sont ensuite classifiés en 4 catégories : (i) sans micro-éveil & sans mouvement; (ii) micro-éveil + & sans mouvement; (iii) sans micro-éveil & mouvement +; (iv) micro-éveil + & mouvement +. Les valeurs minimales de saturation en oxygène sont évalués : 1) à la valeur de base avant le début de l'ARMM, correspondant à une moyenne de 7 sec avant le début de l'épisode, équivalent de (-20) sec à (-14) sec; 2) pendant l'ARMM dans une fenêtre temporale de 15 sec, correspondant de (-5) sec avant le début jusqu'à (+10) sec après l'épisode. Ensuite pour tous les épisodes, tous les points minimaux en oxymétrie sont comparés pour chaque patient. Résultats: Il y a une variation significative de la saturation en oxygène dans le temps (p=0.001) avec une hypoxie transitoire statistiquement significative durant l'ARMM à (+7), (+8) et (+9) sec. La variation dans le temps était semblable pour les 4 catégories (interaction non significative catérogie*temps p=0.1) et pas de différence globale n'est observé entre les catégories (p=0.91). Sur les 22 patients, 6 (27%) ont eu une légère augmentation ou sont restés stables dans la saturation en oxygène (+8) sec après le début de l'ARMM comparé à la valeur de base; 10 (45%) ont eu une légère diminution (>0 à <1%) et 6 autres (27%) ont eu une désaturation en oxygène de 1 à 1.8%. Conclusion: Ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent que chez certains patients BRS, les épisodes d'ARMM/BRS sont possiblement déclenchés par une légère hypoxie transitoire. Mots-clés : bruxisme du sommeil, oxymétrie, désaturation, hypoxie, activité rythmique des muscles de la mastication

Disfagia orofaríngea ocorre em pacientes após cirurgias cardíacas e prolonga o tempo de internação. O objetivo da presente Tese foi identificar as características da deglutição nos cardiopatas idosos indicados à cirurgia de Revascularização Miocárdica. Foi utilizado um protocolo combinado de deglutição de água, ausculta cervical e monitorização dos sinais vitais. O registro da freqüência cardíaca e da saturação de oxigênio (FC e SpO2) foi realizado com oxímetro de pulso antes, durante e após o teste de deglutição de água com 1,3,5,10, 15 e 20 ml. A ausculta cervical foi realizada com estetoscópio eletrônico para a análise do número, tempo de resposta e classificação do som da deglutição. Foram registradas a freqüência respiratória (FR) e a presença de tosse e engasgo. Os resultados foram analisados através de dois estudos. O primeiro avaliou 60 idosos saudáveis, sendo 45 mulheres e 11 homens, com média de idade de 74,5 anos. Os resultados mostraram aumento da FC durante o teste e diminuição logo após. Houve aumento de SpO2 e FR após o teste. Houve deglutição única em todas as medidas exceto em 20 ml. O tempo de resposta da deglutição em todos os volumes foi menor que 1 segundo exceto em 1 e 3 ml. A ausência de tosses e engasgos foi predominante. O som do tipo 3 predominou em todos os volumes exceto em 20 ml onde predominou o som do tipo 1. Concluindo, as características da deglutição dos idosos saudáveis representaram alterações compatíveis com as mudanças fisiológicas decorrentes da idade e não evidenciaram a disfagia. No segundo estudo, 38 idosos com doença arterial coronária constituíram o Grupo de Pesquisa (GP) e foram comparados a 30 idosos saudáveis no Grupo Controle (GC). Foram avaliados 27 homens e 11 mulheres no GP, com média de idade de 68 anos. No GC foram avaliados 15 homens e 15 mulheres, com idade média de 70 anos. Houve diferença significativa no tempo de resposta da deglutição nos cardiopatas com FC abaixo de 60 , sendo mais curto em 3 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml e 20 ml. A FC permaneceu mais baixa nos cardiopatas. Não houve diferença significativa nos outros parâmetros, ou seja, os idosos cardiopatas foram semelhantes aos idosos saudáveis, exceto pelo tempo curto para a resposta da deglutição. Concluindo, a presente pesquisa mostrou que os idosos cardiopatas apresentam diferença na função de deglutição em relação aos idosos saudáveis. Os cardiopatas apresentam alterações da coordenação temporal entre respiração e deglutição, revelando risco para a disfagia. As técnicas de ausculta cervical e oximetria de pulso favoreceram a análise objetiva desses dados. / Oropharyngeal dysphagia affects patients after heart surgery and increases the length of the hospitalization. The objective of the present research was to identify the swallowing function caractheristics of aged people with heart diseases who were referred to the coronary artery surgery. A combined protocol of sign vital monitoring and water swallowing evaluation was used together with cervical auscultation. The heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded by pulse oximetry before, during and after the water test for 1,3,5,10,15 and 20 ml. Cervical auscultation was done by electronic stethoscope in order to analyse the number, time of swallowing response and swallowing sound classification. Respiration rate (RR), cough and choking were recorded. The results were analysed by two studies. In the first one, sixty healthy aged individuals were assessed. There were 45 women and 11 men; mean age was 74,5 years. There were SpO2 and RR increasing after the water test. There were single swallow for all volume except 20 ml. The time of swallowing response for all volumes occurred before 1 second except for 1 and 3 ml. Cough and choking were not predominant in the water test. The type 3 sound was predominant for all volumes except 20ml where there was type 1 sound. In summary, the characteristics of swallowing in healthy aged individuals represented alterations due to physiological changes in aging and there was no evidence of dysphagia. In the second study, 38 aged subjects with coronary artery disease composed the research group (RG) and they were compared to 30 healthy aged subjects in the control group (CG). There were 27 men and 11 women assessed in the RG; mean age was 68 years. There were 15 women and 15 men assessed in the CG, mean age was 70 years. There was significant difference in the time of swallowing response in the RG when HR was below 60. It was shorter for 3, 10, 15 and 20 ml. HR was minor in heart disease individuals. There were no significant difference in other parameter, that is, aged patients with heart disease were similar to healthy aged individuals, except for the short time of swallowing response. Therefore, the present study presented a different swallowing function between aged patients with heart disease and healthy aged individuals. The heart disease patients have alterations in the temporal coordination between swallowing and respiration function, disclosing risk of dysphagia. Cervical auscultation and pulse oximetry were advantageous for the objective analysis of the data.

Introdução: A piora da função muscular respiratória pós-cirurgia aumenta o risco de hipoventilação, hipóxia, atelectasia e infecções. O fisioterapeuta tem um papel essencial na recuperação desses pacientes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar se a intervenção da fisioterapia respiratória no pós-operatório imediato de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal alta eletiva, em sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, resulta em melhor função pulmonar, observando valores de espirometria e oximetria de pulso e dados da evolução clínica. Métodos: O estudo é do tipo ensaio clínico prospectivo e aleatorizado observando-se valores de espirometria e oximetria de pulso. Também foi realizada análise retrospectiva dos prontuários. Os grupos foram avaliados no pré-operatório e no segundo pós-operatório (espirometria, oximetria de pulso, exame físico, escala analógica de dor). O grupo experimental recebeu fisioterapia respiratória na recuperação pós-anestésica. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os valores espirométricos, de pico de fluxo expiratório e de saturação de oxigênio entre os grupos controle e experimental. No presente estudo a saturação de oxigênio melhorou após a fisioterapia (p=0,029). Porém essa melhora não se manteve até o segundo pós-operatório. Também foi avaliado o tempo de internação, tempo cirúrgico, escala analógica de dor e complicações pós-operatórias, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusões: A espirometria não se mostrou sensível para detectar eventual piora da função pulmonar no segundo pós-operatório. A saturação de oxigênio atingiu números próximos aos do pré-operatório após exercícios de fisioterapia. A fisioterapia respiratória no pós-operatório imediato não causou dor ao paciente / Introduction: Surgical procedures can affect the respiratory muscles increasing the risks to hypoventilation, hypoxia, atelectasis and infections. Physiotherapists are essentials to care those patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intervention of chest physiotherapy in immediate postoperative, in anesthesia recovery period room, analyzing lung functions, spirometry and oximetry in patients submitted to elective abdominal surgery. Methods: Clinic prospective and arbitrary, observing spirometry and oxygen saturation. A retrospective analysis from the notes was also done. The groups were evaluated in preoperative and 2nd postoperative (spirometry, oxygen saturation, physic examination and graduated pain scale).The physiotherapy group received chest physiotherapy in recuperation post anaesthetic. Results: There is no evidence to support a significant difference between control group and physiotherapy group analyzing spirometric values, expiratory peak flow and oxygen saturation. The oxygen saturation improves after physical therapy (p=0,029). But this improve can\'t kept until second postoperative. The period in hospital, surgery duration, graduated pain scale and postoperative pulmonary complications were analyzed but there was not significant difference between groups. Conclusions: Spirometry was not able to show a possible worst in pulmonary function on the second postoperative. The oxygen saturation reached similar numbers to preoperative post chest physiotherapy. In immediate postoperative chest physiotherapy do not cause pain to the patient

A ventilação mecânica invasiva é um recurso importante no tratamento dos recém-nascidos internados com vários distúrbios nas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais, no entanto, este tratamento está associado a várias complicações, sendo a principal, o impedimento do paciente para eliminar suas próprias secreções pulmonares. Desta forma a aspiração endotraqueal é um procedimento fisioterapêutico essencial para desobstruir as vias aéreas, mais além de seus efeitos benéficos, citam-se também alguns adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e comparar as variações da saturação de oxigênio, e a presença de alterações hemodinâmicas, de freqüência cardíaca e de pressão artéria média durante todo o processo de aspiração (antes, durante e após o procedimento), utilizando dois tipos de sistema de aspiração: aberto (SAA) e fechado (SAF). Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo randomizado e controlado com 39 recém nascidos com idade gestacional a 34 semanas em uso de ventilação mecânica em aparelhos com fluxo continuo, limitados a pressão e ciclados a tempo. Os RN foram classificados em dois grupos conforme os parâmetros ventilatórios: O Grupo I foi ventilado utilizando PEEP a 5 cmH2O e MAP a 8 cmH2O e o Grupo II PEEP < de 5 cmH2O e MAP < de 8 cmH2O. Foram excluídos os pacientes com malformações cardíacas comprovadas pela ecocardiografia, malformações pulmonares, pneumotórax hipertensivo, atelectasias extensas, no mínimo em um lobo pulmonar, e hipertensão pulmonar persistente neonatal (HPPN), utilização de óxido nítrico (NO) ou de ventilação de alta freqüência (VAF). As aspirações endotraqueais com o xv SAA e o SAF foram realizadas alternadamente no mesmo paciente de acordo com os seguintes critérios: diminuição de saturação de oxigênio abaixo de 89%, desconforto respiratório; ausculta pulmonar e/ou agitação. O procedimento foi avaliado em sete momentos diferentes: Antes de posicionar o RN para a aspiração (Ta), imediatamente antes da aspiração (Tb), depois das duas aspirações (Tc1 e Tc2), após 5 minutos do procedimento (Td), após 10 minutos do procedimento (Te). A análise dos resultados da associação entre os dois grupos (Grupo I e Grupo II) com cada uma das variáveis qualitativas foi realizada pelo do teste Qui-Quadrado e quando este não se mostrou adequado foi utilizado o Teste Exato de Fisher. A comparação entre os dois grupos para as variáveis quantitativas foi realizada através do teste de Mann-Whitney, sendo considerado diferença significante p < 0,05. Na população estudada não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as variáveis estudadas (saturação de oxigênio, pressão arterial média e freqüência cardíaca) quando comparados os dois sistemas de aspiração, aberto e fechado em nenhum dos dois grupos. Portanto, é possível concluir que ambos os sistemas de aspiração endotraqueal podem ser utilizados sem nenhuma desvantagem para o SAA em relação ao SAF, desde que a casuística seja semelhante à do estudo apresentado / Comparative study between the open suction system and the closed suction system in newborn kept in invasive conventional mechanical ventilation The invasive mechanical ventilation is an important resource in the treatment of the newborn admitted with different illnesses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units, however, such treatment is associated with several complications. The main complication is that it prevents the patients to eliminate his own pulmonary secretions. Therefore the intratracheal suction is an essential physiotherapeutic procedure to clear the airways, but besides its positive effects, it has also some negative effects. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the variations of the oxygen saturation and the presence of hemodynamic, heart rate and average blood pressure alterations during the whole suction procedure (before, during and after the procedure), using two types of suction systems: open (OSS) and closed (CSS). A controlled random prospective study was carried out with 39 newborn with gestational ages to 34 weeks using mechanical ventilation devices with a continuous flow, limited to pressure and cycled in time. The NB were classified in two groups according to the ventilatory parameters. Group I was ventilated using PEEP to 5 cmH2O and MAP to 8 cmH2O and group II PEEP < of 5 cmH2O e MAP < of 8 cmH2O. The patients with heart malformation proven by the echocardiography, lung malformation, tension pneumothorax, extensive atelectasies, at least in one pulmonary lobe, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), utilization of nitric oxide (NO) or of high frequency ventilation (HFV). The intratracheal suctions with OSS and CSS were alternately carried out on the same patient

A ventilação mecânica invasiva é um recurso importante no tratamento dos recém-nascidos internados com vários distúrbios nas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais, no entanto, este tratamento está associado a várias complicações, sendo a principal, o impedimento do paciente para eliminar suas próprias secreções pulmonares. Desta forma a aspiração endotraqueal é um procedimento fisioterapêutico essencial para desobstruir as vias aéreas, mais além de seus efeitos benéficos, citam-se também alguns adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e comparar as variações da saturação de oxigênio, e a presença de alterações hemodinâmicas, de freqüência cardíaca e de pressão artéria média durante todo o processo de aspiração (antes, durante e após o procedimento), utilizando dois tipos de sistema de aspiração: aberto (SAA) e fechado (SAF). Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo randomizado e controlado com 39 recém nascidos com idade gestacional a 34 semanas em uso de ventilação mecânica em aparelhos com fluxo continuo, limitados a pressão e ciclados a tempo. Os RN foram classificados em dois grupos conforme os parâmetros ventilatórios: O Grupo I foi ventilado utilizando PEEP a 5 cmH2O e MAP a 8 cmH2O e o Grupo II PEEP < de 5 cmH2O e MAP < de 8 cmH2O. Foram excluídos os pacientes com malformações cardíacas comprovadas pela ecocardiografia, malformações pulmonares, pneumotórax hipertensivo, atelectasias extensas, no mínimo em um lobo pulmonar, e hipertensão pulmonar persistente neonatal (HPPN), utilização de óxido nítrico (NO) ou de ventilação de alta freqüência (VAF). As aspirações endotraqueais com o xv SAA e o SAF foram realizadas alternadamente no mesmo paciente de acordo com os seguintes critérios: diminuição de saturação de oxigênio abaixo de 89%, desconforto respiratório; ausculta pulmonar e/ou agitação. O procedimento foi avaliado em sete momentos diferentes: Antes de posicionar o RN para a aspiração (Ta), imediatamente antes da aspiração (Tb), depois das duas aspirações (Tc1 e Tc2), após 5 minutos do procedimento (Td), após 10 minutos do procedimento (Te). A análise dos resultados da associação entre os dois grupos (Grupo I e Grupo II) com cada uma das variáveis qualitativas foi realizada pelo do teste Qui-Quadrado e quando este não se mostrou adequado foi utilizado o Teste Exato de Fisher. A comparação entre os dois grupos para as variáveis quantitativas foi realizada através do teste de Mann-Whitney, sendo considerado diferença significante p < 0,05. Na população estudada não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as variáveis estudadas (saturação de oxigênio, pressão arterial média e freqüência cardíaca) quando comparados os dois sistemas de aspiração, aberto e fechado em nenhum dos dois grupos. Portanto, é possível concluir que ambos os sistemas de aspiração endotraqueal podem ser utilizados sem nenhuma desvantagem para o SAA em relação ao SAF, desde que a casuística seja semelhante à do estudo apresentado / Comparative study between the open suction system and the closed suction system in newborn kept in invasive conventional mechanical ventilation The invasive mechanical ventilation is an important resource in the treatment of the newborn admitted with different illnesses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units, however, such treatment is associated with several complications. The main complication is that it prevents the patients to eliminate his own pulmonary secretions. Therefore the intratracheal suction is an essential physiotherapeutic procedure to clear the airways, but besides its positive effects, it has also some negative effects. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the variations of the oxygen saturation and the presence of hemodynamic, heart rate and average blood pressure alterations during the whole suction procedure (before, during and after the procedure), using two types of suction systems: open (OSS) and closed (CSS). A controlled random prospective study was carried out with 39 newborn with gestational ages to 34 weeks using mechanical ventilation devices with a continuous flow, limited to pressure and cycled in time. The NB were classified in two groups according to the ventilatory parameters. Group I was ventilated using PEEP to 5 cmH2O and MAP to 8 cmH2O and group II PEEP < of 5 cmH2O e MAP < of 8 cmH2O. The patients with heart malformation proven by the echocardiography, lung malformation, tension pneumothorax, extensive atelectasies, at least in one pulmonary lobe, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), utilization of nitric oxide (NO) or of high frequency ventilation (HFV). The intratracheal suctions with OSS and CSS were alternately carried out on the same patient