Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1981.

En tant que concept social, la parenté peut influer sur les dispositions du droit pénal dans la mesure où certains textes pénaux spéciaux, tant français que libyens, la prennent en compte dans de nombreuses infractions, qu’il s’agisse d’atteintes aux biens (vol, par exemple) ou encore d’atteintes aux personnes (infractions sexuelles, parricide, infanticide…). De tels textes protègent parfois l’institution familiale en tant que telle, ce qui est le cas pour l’abandon de famille. Ils se rattachent à l’autorité parentale, la solidarité familiale, l’intimité familiale, l’affection ou encore la dignité… Le Code pénal, à la fois français et libyen, consacre ainsi un chapitre aux infractions d’atteintes à la famille. Cependant, il ne saurait être question de limiter le champ de notre étude aux seules infractions figurant au sein de ce chapitre. Notre étude s’intéressera à toutes les infractions que l’on pourrait qualifier de parentales, de même qu’à toutes les dispositions pénales concernant ces infractions. La parenté se présente à la fois comme un facteur de sévérité accrue et d’indulgence. Elle peut représenter un élément constitutif des infractions purement familiales ou de la responsabilité pénale du fait des enfants. Le Code pénal renforce alors la répression en aggravant la peine en matière d’atteintes à la vie ou à l’intégrité physique et d’agressions sexuelles si l’infraction est commise par une personne proche de la victime. À cet égard, le législateur français, par la loi n° 2006-399 du 4 avril 2006, la loi n° 2010-769 du 9 juillet 2010 et celle n° 2013-711 du 5 août 2013, a renforcé la répression des violences au sein de la famille. Au contraire, le lien de parenté peut représenter un obstacle à la répression, en constituer un fait justificatif, une condition de l’atténuation de la peine ou une entrave à la marche de la justice pénale surtout en matière de récusation de magistrat et de témoignage. / As a social concept, parenthood can influence the provisions of criminal law as some special criminal texts, either French or Libyan, include numerous offences, whether trespass to goods (theft, for instance) or violent crimes ( sexual offences, parricide, infanticide…). Such texts sometimes protect the family institution as such, which is the case for the desertion of the marital home. They are connected with the parental authority, family solidarity, family intimacy, love or even dignity… The criminal codes, both French and Libyan, devote a chapter to the family-related offences. However, the field of our study cannot be limited to the offences mentioned in this chapter only. Our study will deal with all the offences that can be linked to parenthood, as well as all the criminal provisions concerning these offences. Parenthood appears at the same time as a factor of greater severity and indulgence. It can represent a constituent element of the purely family-related offences or of the criminal juvenile liability. The Criminal code then reinforces the repression by increasing the penalty if it concerns lethal assaults or grievous bodily harm and sexual assaults provided the offence is committed by a close relative of the victim. In this respect the French legislator, by the law N2006-399 of April 4th, 2006, the law N 2010-769 of July 9th, 2010 and that N 2013-711of August 5th, 2013, reinforced the repression of family-related violence. On the contrary, the parental link may represent an obstacle to repression, may constitute a justifying element, a mitigating condition of the penalty or an interference with the functioning of criminal justice, especially concerning the challenging of magistrates or of witnesses.

Que transmet le jeune parent à son enfant alors qu'il quitte tout juste ou est encore lui-même dans cette période de vie? L'enfant comble le manque à être, permet la reconnaissance familiale, sociale. Une fusion mère-enfant s'enkyste, ne permettant pas au père de prendre place de tiers-séparateur. La mère exigera d'être aimée par son enfant, de la façon qu'il lui convient à elle, se positionnant "enfant de son enfant", lui demandant d'être autonome, de la protéger, d'assumer des tâches de maternage qu'elle porte justement en très haute estime. L'enfant insecure ne sait où se positionner par rapport au attentes de sa mère; l'enfant en conséquences, présentera stress et anxiété, manque de confiance en soi, manifestant des comportements allant d'une certaine hyper-activité à un repli sur soi, en passant par la mégalomanie ou encore le masochisme. / Thar the young transmits to the child while he just leaves or is still for this period of life? the child fills the jack to be, allows the family, social gratitude, gives en receiv love. The fusion mother-child persists, not allowing the father to take the place of third-separator. The mother, will demand to be loved by her child, in the way which suits him to her, positioning "child of this child", asking him to be autonomous, to ptrotect her it, to assume accept tasks of mothering that thev door exactly in very high respect. The child insecure does not know whens to position regard to the expectations of the mother. The child as a consequence, will present stress and anxiety, lack of self-confidence showing behavior going of a certain hyper-activity to a withdrawal, including the megalomania or still the masochism.

The everyday life for children with ADHD is affected by problems regarding inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Parenting a child with ADHD consists of increasing demands in everyday life, which gives greater risks for poor mental health amongst parents. When working with a child with ADHD the occupational therapist work with the whole family, often focusing on interventions in the home environment. The aim of this study was to investigate strategies described by parents of children with ADHD to create a sustainable everyday life. A qualitative approach was used and data from 6 blogs about parenting children with ADHD, was analysed through a qualitative content analysis. The result was compiled into three main categories, Taking care of one self as a parent, Children’s needs and adjustments in everyday life and A new family life as a team. In the result it was shown that parents used strategies in an active way to manage their own well- being, to create structure to support their children, to reduce the amount of conflicts and to strengthen their children's self-esteem. An overall theme emerged The journey towards a new parenthood, that showed the process the parents went through via personal growth, awareness in parenting style and new expectations on family life. The result shown in the study emphasizes a perceptive parenthood to support their children, factors confirmed in previous studies. The result also wishes to highlight the parents own personal health as an important aspect. A sustainable everyday life was both an individual project for the parent, as a joint project for the family as a whole.

L'affirmation au sein des politiques éducatives mais également au sein des politiques familiales de l'impératif de coéducation entraine un mouvement de responsabilisation des parents, cela qu'il s'agisse de favoriser la réussite éducative de tous dans un dessein d'égalité des chances ou de poursuivre un dessein collectif et républicain lequel marque particulièrement l'actualité en ce début d'année 2015. Dans ce contexte, la « parentalité » tend à constituer, en France mais ailleurs en Europe, un problème public majeur (Martin, 2003), dont les politiques publiques se saisissent en mettant en œuvre des programmes de « soutien à la parentalité ». C'est bien à cette politique publique émergente au périmètre incertain et aux contenus encore flous que s'attache, au moyen d'une approche ethnographique de l'action publique, du travail social et de la famille, le travail de thèse. La thèse s'organise en trois grandes parties, et collecte des cas d'étude, d'où la référence à la notion de jurisprudence ethnographique. La première partie de la thèse s'intéresse au processus d'élaboration politique du soutien à la parentalité et tente de dégager les référentiels d'action publique mobilisés et les instruments empruntés dans cet effort d'institutionnalisation de l'aide aux parents. La seconde partie de la thèse souhaite éclairer les pratiques qui répondent de cette politique. A partir de quatre études de cas, il s'agit de faire jour sur des pratiques hétérogènes marquant le champ de l'aide à la parentalité. Alors que rien ne semble rapprocher les actions éducatives familiales, comme dispositif de formation et d'étayage à la parentalité scolaire, du dispositif du placement à domicile poursuivant des enjeux liés à la protection de l'enfance, les formes d'accompagnement des parents que l'on relève dans chacun des espaces étudiés offrent pourtant à penser des logiques convergentes de prise en charge des parents. Nous verrons que l'appel à la parentalité constitue de plus une opportunité qui contribue à redéfinir les objectifs d'autres politiques publiques. Enfin, la dernière partie de la thèse porte le regard du côté du travail parental de ceux dont les deux premières parties auront préalablement montré que la politique publique vise plus particulièrement. Ainsi, la focus s'opère sur « ce que fait » le soutien parentalité aux parents appartenant aux franges vulnérables de la population. L'approche qui gouverne la thèse ne vise pas d'une part à à narrer l'exhaustivité du soutien apporté aux parents, d'autre part à produire une monographie de chacun des dispositifs étudiés. Il s'agit davantage de décrire précisément et dans le détail des actions et des situations qui organisent un espace d'action publique controversé et fragmenté. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais.

O tornar-se pai e mãe e constituir uma família são fenômenos importantes para o estabelecimento de uma identidade social adulta, contribuindo para a realização pessoal do indivíduo. Quando esse projeto parental não pode ser realizado em decorrência de infertilidade no casal, é possível recorrer às técnicas de reprodução assistida, como uma tentativa de concretização desse projeto. Entretanto, o desgaste físico e emocional decorrente desses procedimentos pode conferir à gestação e à parentalidade um caráter específico, com repercussões ainda pouco conhecidas. Por meio deste estudo longitudinal, com três casais que engravidaram por técnicas de reprodução assistida, buscou-se conhecer o processo de tornar-se pai e mãe no contexto da reprodução assistida, com medidas coletadas no terceiro trimestre de gestação e aos três meses do bebê. Os resultados apontaram que a vivência da gestação nesse contexto caracteriza-se pelo constante medo de perder o bebê, mesmo no último trimestre gestacional, sendo que as gestantes deste estudo apresentaram sentimentos de incapacidade de levar a gestação a termo. A prematuridade tornou real a possibilidade de perda do bebê, tornando a vivência dessa etapa um desafio. Superado esse período, o medo da perda do bebê diminuiu, dando espaço para o estabelecimento da crença de que esses casais são capazes de garantir a sobrevivência de seus bebês. / Becoming a father or a mother and building a family are important phenomena that contribute for the establishment of an adult identity as well as for a personal accomplishment. When the dream of building a family can not be fulfilled couples may be helped by assisted reproduction techniques, although the physical and psychological stress produced by these techniques is not well-known yet. This longitudinal and qualitative research aims at knowing how transition to parenthood occurs in the context of assisted reproduction techniques. Three couples who got pregnant through assisted reproduction techniques were interviewed in two moments: during the last trimester of pregnancy and when the baby is three months old. The results show that the participants of this research lived pregnancy freightened by the possibility of loosing their baby. When the baby was born these feelings turned into a possibility due to they were pre-term babies. Afterwards, these feelings decreased while the belief of being capable of keeping the baby alive emerged.

No Frills is a grounded case study enquiry based on a Local Authority in the South of England. The research question asked ‘How do the governance arrangements and the organisational structures of education and children’s social care services inhibit or support transdisciplinary working?’ No Frills raises the varied social location and categorisation of children historically and now, as occupying various policy positions, either as part of, or separate to, family. Children have been, and still are, labelled as socially constructed subjects dependent upon wide ranging and frequently contradictory societal norms, values and expectations. These social constructs have played their part in shaping how organisations have worked with children and their families both in the past and in the more recent policy imperatives to Working Together No Frills is contextualised by the New Labour Government’s policy of Every Child Matters (ECM) and the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) and focus’ upon safeguarding children through the job roles of the wider children’s workforce and the ‘Working Together’ agenda to include parents. The nature of ‘transdisciplinary’ as a form of working together is identified and explored with particular reference to the concept of role release (McGonigel 1994; King 2009), whereby professionals share their expertise with, and release roles to, paraprofessionals, and parents as part of a transdisciplinary team. The literature regarding role release in transdisciplinary work is from the perspective of professionals who release aspects of their job role. In No Frills, the released aspect focused upon is the assessment of children deemed to be in need of safeguarding. The boundaries between safeguarding, prevention and protection are not always clear and this creates uncertainty and concern for members of the wider children’s workforce. No Frills examines the perspective of members of the wider children’s workforce at the receiving end of role release, through the contribution of participants from a cross section of staff, and service users. The role of power in ‘Working Together’ is identified as a pivotal relational dynamic affecting both members of staff and service users in the governance of role release in transdisciplinary working together. The governance of role release obscures the location of responsibility and accountability in children’s safeguarding services. Members of the wider children’s workforce find themselves increasingly responsible for assessing and meeting the needs of children that have complex needs. Members of the wider children’s workforce are not always confident in assessing the ever increasing complexities of need for children’s safeguarding through the CAF. Staff faced with such assessment complexities, often refer children to statutory social care services, which could be seen as an inappropriate referral because of the high threshold criteria to access children’s social care services. This dynamic illustrates that the role of assessment and monitoring has been released to the wider children’s workforce through an auditable outcome based governance. Contextualised by prevailing neoliberal value systems the governance of role release ‘repackaged’ (Newman 2005:4) children’s safeguarding and protection needs into quantifiable categories ‘through the imposition of codified and proceduralised, efficiency-related knowledge’ (Keeping 2008:139).

No description available.

Coparenting emerges across the transition to parenthood and refers to the way individuals coordinate, support each other in their parental roles and share responsibility in childrearing. Despite the increase in research on coparenting, relatively few studies have focused on non- North American or non-European families, which has hindered practice and policy targeting diverse countries. Likewise, qualitative research on coparenting is relatively rare, yet critical to shed light on details and complexities not well captured by other methods, including insights into sociocultural factors linked to coparenting in distinct contexts. Moreover, a qualitative longitudinal approach is particularly well suited to examine important life course transitions and turning points, such as the transition to parenthood. To address these gaps, we investigated coparenting across the transition to parenthood in South-Brazilian families, using a qualitative, longitudinal, multiple case study. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 first-time mother and fathers (six nuclear families altogether), at 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum (36 interviews altogether). In two families only the father was employed, with the mother caring for the child; in two families both parents were employed, and they hired a nanny to care for the child in their home; and, in two families both parents were employed, and the child started attending daycare at the end of maternity leave. Through the two articles that comprise the current doctoral dissertation, we explored three components of Feinberg’s (2003) coparenting framework: division of labor (how parents divide childcare tasks and household chores, as well as their satisfaction with this division); agreement/disagreement (e.g., regarding children’s emotional needs and discipline); and, support/undermining (appreciation and cooperation, or criticism and competition). The first article is focused on the division of labor, whereas the second is focused on agreement/disagreement and support/undermining. Deductive thematic analysis revealed similarities and singularities between families. As presented in the first article, we found weaker sharing of household chores over time, against greater sharing of childcare tasks during the first few days postpartum, followed by a downward tendency in the fathers’ contributions during the first few months postpartum. This more unequal division of labor remained stable over time only for families who had chosen maternal care, changing after the end of maternity leave for families who had chosen nanny care and daycare. Parental satisfaction regarding the division of labor remained relatively high over time only for families who had chosen nanny care, which suggests that counting on a domestic worker since the beginning of the transition to parenthood contributed to preventing parental feelings of overload or unfairness across the transition to parenthood. Findings were discussed in the 10 light of the role that instrumental and social support, as well as the prevailing Brazilian gender norms, may play in the division of labor for new parents. With respect to the second article, our findings showed that agreement among parents remained relatively stable during the first year, whereas disagreements concerning discipline demanded more parental negotiation as infants advanced toward toddlerhood. Support and undermining coexisted in the same families, although mothers and fathers expressed undermining differently. Aspects of the ecological context, such as family of origin, instrumental and social support, as well as labor market, also appeared to influence coparenting agreement/disagreement and support/ undermining. Following each article, we presented strengths, limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice (e.g., counseling) and policy (e.g., childcare arrangements and parental leave).

Submitted by Aline de Marco Silveira (am.silveira@unesp.br) on 2018-11-20T23:04:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline de Marco - CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RELACIONAMENTOS CONJUGAIS QUANTO A COMUNICAÇÃO E AFETO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A PARENTALIDADE, PROBLEMAS DE COMPORTAMENTO INFANTIL E DEPRESSÃO MATERNA - corrigido.pdf: 1820297 bytes, checksum: 326bdd2ab8bffc53c34badcccd6933dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-11-21T11:29:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_am_me_bauru.pdf: 1820297 bytes, checksum: 326bdd2ab8bffc53c34badcccd6933dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T11:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_am_me_bauru.pdf: 1820297 bytes, checksum: 326bdd2ab8bffc53c34badcccd6933dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O relacionamento conjugal consiste em uma das principais interações para o círculo familiar e a satisfação conjugal pontua como primordial para o bom desenvolvimento marital. Problemas com a parentalidade, com o comportamento infantil e a depressão materna acabam por favorecer condições de insatisfação na conjugalidade. Assim sendo, a partir de uma amostra de 130 mulheres, casadas, mães de crianças com e sem problemas de comportamento, o presente trabalho é composto por dois estudos que têm por objetivo geral realizar uma comparação entre aspectos da relação conjugal, práticas parentais positivas e negativas, depressão materna, ocorrência de problemas de comportamento infantil e habilidades sociais infantis. Para tal foram desenvolvidos dois estudos: Estudo I-) objetivou realizar uma comparação entre comunicação e afeto na relação conjugal, com parentalidade e indicativo de depressão materna; Estudo II-) objetivou realizar uma comparação entre comunicação e afeto na relação conjugal, considerando a ocorrência de problemas de comportamento infantil e habilidades sociais infantis. Para a realização do primeiro estudo, foram utilizados os instrumentos de análise Questionário de Relacionamento Conjugal, Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais e Questionário Sobre a Saúde do Paciente-9 obtendo, de modo geral, que tanto o grupo de mulheres com práticas parentais positivas quanto o grupo de mulheres com baixa frequência de práticas parentais negativas tem alta frequência de comunicação no relacionamento conjugal. Casais com práticas positivas comunicam-se mais positivamente e se relacionam de modo mais afetuoso que casais com práticas negativas. Quanto à depressão materna, obteve-se que o grupo de mães sem indicativo de depressão demonstrou expressar e receber com maior frequência afeto e comunicação em seu relacionamento. O mesmo grupo comunica-se tanto de forma positiva quanto de forma negativa com o cônjuge e interage tanto de forma positivamente afetuosa quanto de forma negativamente afetuosa. No entanto, a maior quantidade de mães deste grupo afirma estar satisfeita com seu relacionamento conjugal. Para o Estudo II foram utilizados os instrumentos Questionário de Relacionamento Conjugal, Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais e Child Behavior Checklist e, de maneira geral, obteve-se que o grupo de mães de crianças sem problemas de comportamento descrevem relacionamentos com maior frequência de comunicação e afeto, apresentando relações com mais comunicação positiva, no entanto, também descreveram comunicação negativa e afeto negativo na relação. Contudo, a maior quantidade de mães de crianças sem problemas de comportamento ainda descreveram estar satisfeitas com seu relacionamento. No que concerne às comparações referentes às habilidades sociais infantis, obteve-se que o grupo de mães de crianças sem déficits para habilidades sociais apresentou maior frequência de comunicação em seu relacionamento, comunicando-se de forma mais negativa, no entanto, agindo de forma mais positivamente afetuosa na interação com o cônjuge. Como contribuição para o presente estudo, destaca-se as relações entre a satisfação conjugal e a parentalidade, bem como entre a satisfação conjugal e problema de comportamento infantil e habilidades sociais infantis, considerando sua relação com a depressão materna. / The marital relationship consists in one of the main interactions to the family circle and the marital satisfaction points out as primordial to thegood marital development. Problems with parenthood, child behavior and maternal depression tend to favor conditions of dissatisfaction in conjugality. Thus, from a sample of 130 women, married, mothers of children with and without behavioral problems, the present research is composed of two studies that have as general objective to make a comparison between aspects of the conjugal relationship, positive and negative parental practices, maternal depression, occurrence of child behavior problems and children's social skills. For that, two studies were developed: Study I) aimed to comparing communication and affection in the conjugal relationship, with parenting and indicative of maternal depression; Study II) aimed to make a comparison between communication and affection in the conjugal relationship, considering the occurrence of children's behavior problems and children's social skills. In order to carry out the first study, the instruments of analysis used was the Questionário de Relacionamento Conjugal, Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais and Questionário Sobre a Saúde do Paciente-9, obtaining, in general, that both the group of women with positive parental practices and the group of women with low frequency of negative parental practices have a high frequency of communication in the marital relationship. Couples with positive practices communicate more positively and relate more affectionately than couples with negative practices. Regarding as to maternal depression, the group of mothers with no indication of depression was able to express and receive affection and communication more frequently in their relationship. The same group communicates both positively and negatively with the spouse and interacts affectively both positively and negatively. However, the higher number of mothers in this group affirms that they are satisfied with their marital relationships. For the Study II, it was used the instruments “Questionário de Relacionamento Conjugal” , “Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais” and “Child Behavior Checklist” and, in general, it was obtained that the group of mothers of children without behavioral problems describe relationships with greater frequency of communication and affection, presenting relationships with more positive communication, however, also described negative communication and negative affection in the relationship. However, the greater number of mothers of children without behavioral problems still described being satisfied with their relationship. Concerning the comparisons related to children's social skills, it was obtained that the group of mothers of children without social skills deficits presented a higher frequency of communication in their relationship, communicating more negatively, however, acting more positively affectionate in the interaction with the spouse. As contributions to the present study, the relationship between marital satisfaction and parenthood, as well as between marital satisfaction and child behavior problem and child’s social skills, is highlighted, considering its relation to maternal depression. / CAPES: 1577273