This study is made from a practical standpoint. I shall endeavor to answer some of the questions that may arise in the minds of prospective parents as they consider the adoption of a child. There are many questions that will not be answered because the problems involved are so broad and take in so many angles that it is impossible to consider them all. The central problem itself begins when prospective adoptive parents first consider adopting a child.

The thesis discusses the late parenthood and its impact on parenting style. The thesis is conceived as a theoretical and empirical studies. The theoretical part focuses on the phenomenon of the late parenthood, its definition and selected aspects. Defines voluntary and involuntary late parenthood and describes the current situation in the society in the Czech Republic. Describes the health risks associated with the late parenting, from conception until birth. Furthermore depicts selected theories of the education styles, describes how they are formed and what are the consequences for the child. The empirical part through a multiple case study focuses on analyzing the characteristics of the style of education in seven families of late mothers and the circumstances that led to the late parenthood.

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Att bli förälder är en omvälvande händelse. Stöd i föräldraskapet såväl individuellt som i grupp ska erbjudas till alla blivande föräldrar. Målet med föräldragrupper är bland annat att ge föräldrarna stöd och kunskap samt tillfälle till att skapa nya kontakter och chans att ställa frågor om graviditet, förlossning och föräldraskap. Stöd i föräldraskapet ska öka föräldrarnas självförtroende och lyfta fram deras egen förmåga. I Kalmar län finns ett samarbete mellan mödrahälsovården (MHV) och barnmorskeprogrammet på Linnéuniversitetet som innebär att blivande föräldrar i länet erbjuds att delta i föräldragrupper ledda av barnmorskestudenter under handledning av barnmorska/lärare. Det behövs ett fortsatt arbete för ökad kvalitet, likvärdighet och jämlikhet i hälso- och sjukvårdens föräldrastöd och det efterfrågas uppföljning och utveckling av insatserna. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utvärdera nyblivna föräldrars erfarenhet av att delta i studentledd föräldragrupp under graviditeten. Metod: Metoden var en retrospektiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen har gjorts med hjälp av enkäter. Enkäten var utformad med både öppna och slutna frågor. Totalt besvarades 45 enkäter av deltagare i de studentledda föräldragrupperna som hölls på Linnéuniversitetet under våren 2016. Enkäterna analyserades med statistikprogrammet GNU PSPP version 0.10.2-g654fff. Resultat: Studien visar att deltagarna i föräldragrupperna var en homogen grupp. De flesta av respondenterna var nöjda med gruppstorlek, utformning och antal träffar. Överlag uppges att ämnen som rör förlossningen togs upp tillräckligt medan det efterfrågades mer information om tiden därefter. De allra flesta respondenter tyckte det var positivt att föräldragrupperna letts av barnmorskestudenter och alla respondenter uppgav att de skulle rekommendera andra att delta i liknande träffar. Resultatet visar också att det stora flertalet tyckte att det var för lite tid att lära känna de andra deltagarna, få uppgav att de har kontakt med andra deltagare efteråt. Konklusion: Nyblivna föräldrar upplevde det positivt att delta i studentledda föräldragrupper under graviditeten och alla skulle rekommendera andra att delta i liknande grupper. Det var en homogen grupp med hög socioekonomisk status som deltog. Få deltagare hade kontakt med andra från gruppen trots att de uppgav detta som viktigt vilket indikerar att för lite tid gavs för deltagarna att lära känna varandra. / Abstract Background:To become a parent is an overwealming experience. Support in parenthood both individually and in group shall be offered to all parents to be. The aim of having parenthood education classes is to give parents support and knowledge and to give an opportunity to create new contacts and a chance to ask questions about pregnancy, childbirth and parenthood. Parenthood support shall increase the parents selfesteam and bring out their own ability. In the region of Kalmar there is a cooperation between the antenatal care-unit and the midwifery course at the Linnaeus university that means that parents to be is offered to participate in parenthood education classes led by midwifery-students under supervision of a midwife/teacher. There is a need for improvement in quality, equivalence and equality within the parenthood support in the antenatal care system in Sweden and development and follow-ups of the actions are requested. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate new parents perceptions of participating in studentled parenthood education classes during pregnancy. Method: The method was a retrospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a questionaire survey. The questionaire contained both open and closed questions. A total of 45 questionaires were answered by participants of the student-led parenthood classes that were held at the Linaeus university during the spring of 2016. The questionaires were analyzed in the statistics program GNU PSPP version 0.10.2-g654fff. Result: The result shows that the participants in the parenthood classes had a great demographic simularity. Most of them where pleased with the size of the group, the formulation and the number of groupmeetings. Alltogether subjects that concerned childbirth were considered mentioned enough but more information about the time following was requested. A majority of the respondents thought it was positive that the classes where held by midwifery-students and all of them would recommend others to participate in simular classes. The result also showed that most of the participants felt that too little time was given to get to know each other, a few of them said that they stayed in contact with other participants afterwards. Conclusion: New parents perception of participating in studentled parenthood education classes during pregnancy were positive and they all recommended others to do the same. It was a homogeneous group with high socioeconomic standard that participated. Only a few of the participants stayed in contact with each other even though many mentioned it as important. This indicates that too little time was given to the groupmembers to get to know each other.

The aim of the study “Gender and societal norms in change - Quantitative study on women's attitudes to childbearing and parenting” was to investigate women's attitude towards childbearing and parenthood, as well as women's attitude towards becoming a parent on their own. The goal was to develop knowledge regarding women's attitude towards having children in order to contribute with possible explanations for the downward trend of childbearing in Sweden. The study also investigates which factors can influence women's decisions towards having children. The questions that the study answered were: What does women's attitude towards becoming a parent look like on their own? What factors are important for women to consider when having children? How do the factors affect the timing of having children? The study was carried out using a quantitative method in the form of a survey. A total of 112 women participated in the study, which was based on theories of individualization, female individualization and gender socialization. The results of the study showed that the women did not experience a strong influence of gender and societal norms regarding childbearing and parenthood. However, the women felt that there are several important factors that they want to achieve before having children, which affect the timing. The majority of women were also positive about single parenthood and the use of medically assisted conception. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors inställning till barnafödande och föräldraskap, samt kvinnors inställning till att bli förälder på egen hand. Målet var att utveckla kunskap gällande kvinnors inställning till att skaffa barn för att bidra med möjliga förklaringar till den nedåtgående trenden av barnafödande i Sverige. Studien undersöker även vilka faktorer som kan påverka kvinnors beslut att skaffa barn. De frågor som studien besvarade var: Hur ser kvinnors inställning ut till att bli förälder på egen hand? Vilka faktorer är viktiga för kvinnor att ta hänsyn till när de skaffar barn? Hur påverkar faktorerna tidpunkten för att skaffa barn? Studien genomfördes med en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning. Totalt deltog 112 kvinnor i studien som tog avstamp i teorier om individualisering, kvinnlig individualisering och könsocialisering. Resultatet i studien visade att kvinnorna inte upplevde en stark påverkan av köns- och samhällsnormer när det gäller barnafödande och föräldraskap. Däremot ansåg kvinnorna att det finns flera viktiga faktorer som de vill uppnå innan ett barnafödande, vilket påverkar tidpunkten. Majoriteten av kvinnorna var dessutom positiva till ett ensamt föräldraskap och användning av medicinsk assisterad befruktning.

Emerging adults hold a variety of motivations and perceived views of parenthood. With many new parents struggling to balance parenthood, relationships, and careers, it is reasonable to question individuals' motivation and perceived views of parenthood. Research shows that emerging adults hold parenting motivations, future career expectations, and expectations about children that may be related to their perceived views of parenthood. Thus, to further understand the predictors of future parenting attributions, the current study examined the relationships among the motivation to become a parent, future role expectations, interpersonal relationships, and parenting attributions. One hundred forty-three college undergraduates who were not already parents completed a packet of questionnaires including measures of the variables described above. Result of this study indicated that the variables examined in this study demonstrated interesting relationships and that the motivation to parent served as an important predictor of individuals' attributions for perceived parent control over success in parent-child interactions. These findings emphasize the importance of research that can identify the best ways to assist emerging adults in planning for parenthood in the future.

Attitudes of primiparous women toward childbirth were studied longitudinally as they varied with the intervention of childbirth education classes before delivery; and as they varied with the experience of labor and deli very and having a baby in the home after delivery. An anxiety scale was used measuring anxiety toward labor, delivery, the parenthood role, and stress on the marriage relationship. Measurement on the anxiety scale was taken prior to childbirth education when primiparous mothers ranged from 4 months to 7-l/2 months gestation. Measurement II on the anxiety scale was taken after childbirth education, one month prior to delivery. Measurement III on the anxiety scale was taken one month following delivery . The sample consisted of primiparous women selected from two Childbirth Education Classes at the Logan L. D. S. Hospital, Logan, Utah, in September and October of 1974. The following numbers of women responded on each of the three questionnaires: Measurement I - 77 Measurement II - 69 Measurement III - 66 Total Matched sample including all three measurements - 56. H was found that anxiety toward delivery increased significantly alter childbirth education and as time for delivery drew nearer, while anxiety toward labor decreased slightly but not significantly. One month following delivery, however, anxiety decreased toward both labor and delivery, as was expected, but anxiety toward delivery decreased to a lower level than did anxiety toward labor. It appears that these primiparous women experience more anxiety toward delivery prior to the experience, but after experiencing labor and delivery, some feel more anxious about labor than about delivery. No difference was found between any of the three measures on anxiety toward the role of parent. The participation of husbands in labor and delivery was viewed by over 90 percent of these primiparous mothers as a positive factor, on all these measurements. Earlier in pregnancy, prior to childbirth education on Measurement 1, a strong positive correlation was found between physical symptoms of pregnancy and overall anxiety level. However, this relationship seemed to disappear after childbirth education, one month prior to delivery on Measurement II. An analysis of variance showed significant variation in the anxiety or stress of the childbearing cycle on the marriage relationship with the highest stress being just prior to delivery.

A creative nonfiction thesis, Luke's Mama is a memoir of personal essays that explore how the birth of my son has affected the ways that I relate within and interpret different areas of my life. Chapter I, Introduction, identifies personal and ethical concerns involved in telling my story and explores how others have handled similar issues. Chapter II, Family, illustrates how my relationship with my family of origin has changed since I've become a parent and also how my new family and I interact with society. Chapter III, Calling, depicts my struggle in finding a balance between work and family priorities. Chapter IV, Partner, presents a contrast between my relationship with my partner before and after my son's birth. Chapter V, Parent, displays the beginning of my ever-growing relationship with my son and sense of parenthood.

Welfare of women during pregnancy and maternity The main aim of this thesis is to identify and analyse key issues within the current welfare system for woman during pregnancy and maternity. This will then allow recommendations to improve Czech legislation. The reason of choosing this theme is my deep interest in this sphere. The thesis discusses a broad range of issues over eight chapters; each chapter examines different aspects of the issue. First Chapter simply defines basic terminology associated with the subject. Chapter Two deals with the history of women's welfare during pregnancy and maternity and describes how legislation for those women has evolved over the past years. Chapter Three puts women's welfare in an international and constitutional context. Chapter Four examines the two main subdivisions of legislation. Part One is concerned with doses of the health insurance system. Part Two deals with doses of the state social support. Chapter Five looks at women's welfare during pregnancy and maternity in labour law. Chapter Six illustrates the approach to imprisoned women and their rights during pregnancy and maternity. Chapter Seven looks at the relevance of substitute family care within the sphere of welfare. The final chapter highlights the key differences between Czech and Slovak...

This thesis focuses on the factors that may affect the young people's attitudes towards marriage and parenthood. The theoretical part focuses on the developmental period of young adulthood in relation to marriage and parenthood, introduces demographic trends, alternative forms of marriage, parenthood and attitudes of the young generation to enter into marriage and start a family. The aim of the research study was by using the results of research to determine the factors that influenced attitudes towards marriage and parenthood among a selected group of respondents between the ages 20-35 years. To determine these effects was chosen qualitative research, method of semi-structured interview. Parenthood was planned by all participants of the research. However, the marriage wanted to join women in particular. Research has not shown the dominance of a single factor that could have a major impact on the attitudes of respondents. The most important factors were the partner's personality, family and peers. An important role was also played by finance, housing and study or employment. Key worlds: Marriage, parenthood, faktors, attitude.

Comparison of legislation concerning the establishment and determination of parentage in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Belgium SUMMARY The purpose of my thesis is to compare two different, yet somehow similar systems of civil law. Reason for choosing this particular topic (creation of filiation) is because I consider it a very important moment in life of every individual. My thesis is composed of eight chapters, each of them dealing with different part of the main topic. Each chapter is also divided into three parts, each of them studies one particular legislation, because not only this thesis compares Czech and Belgian law, but also examines differences between Czech current legislation (mainly law concerning familial relations and marriage) and future one - the Civil Code which will take effect from 1. 1. 2014. Chapter one is destined to present main reasons and the interest of law on the definition and regulation of the notion "family". Part one describes the problematic from the view of Czech law, part two deals with the same theme, but by Belgian law. Chapters two and three both examinate the issue of determination of motherhood, including problematics of surrogate mothers. In fourth chapter, also subdivided into three parts, I concentrate on legal presumptions of paternity and on possible ways...