In 2015, the COP21 creates a new hybrid mode of multilateral governance, which aims to make the action of non-states actors a bridge between the political commitments and the government’s actions. The business world is one of these actors with ambitious new roles to implement the Paris Agreements and its NDCs. Yet it seems that nobody has yet questioned whether companies can also act as leaders at their level or at least help their country/organisation to take the lead. To understand how business perceived their roles in the governance landscape post Paris-Agreement, several questions were asked to see what kind of leadership themselves were looking for. Who are the designated leaders for business when it comes to climate leadership? How have them evolved ? Why are they recognized as such? And what is the role of business in delivering Parties' NDCs in the post Paris-Agreement area? Thanks to a unique data collection of questionnaires distributed on COP22 to 25, it appeared that European leadership is not only the most consistent but also the most recognised, although the other EU partners in the BIG3 are far from demeriting. As the issue is particularly political, it was found that the recognition of leadership is not only due to certain leaders but also to many laws, which create and restrict many opportunities for business. The history and culture of the countries concerned also provided many answers. Finally, it seemed unanimous that a cooperative work between governments and business would allow a better and faster reach of both NDCs and SDGs.

In 2015, the COP21 creates a new hybrid mode of multilateral governance, which aims to make the action of non-states actors a bridge between the political commitments and the government’s actions. The business world is one of these actors with ambitious new roles to implement the Paris Agreements and its NDCs. Yet it seems that nobody has yet questioned whether companies can also act as leaders at their level or at least help their country/organisation to take the lead. To understand how business perceived their roles in the governance landscape post Paris-Agreement, several questions were asked to see what kind of leadership themselves were looking for. Who are the designated leaders for business when it comes to climate leadership? How have them evolved ? Why are they recognized as such? And what is the role of business in delivering Parties' NDCs in the post Paris-Agreement area? Thanks to a unique data collection of questionnaires distributed on COP22 to 25, it appeared that European leadership is not only the most consistent but also the most recognised, although the other EU partners in the BIG3 are far from demeriting. As the issue is particularly political, it was found that the recognition of leadership is not only due to certain leaders but also to many laws, which create and restrict many opportunities for business. The history and culture of the countries concerned also provided many answers. Finally, it seemed unanimous that a cooperative work between governments and business would allow a better and faster reach of both NDCs and SDGs.

Problemformulering och syfte:  Syftet med den här studien är att analysera svenska kontra utländska mediers bildgestaltning av terrorattentaten i Paris 2015 för att studera vilka eventuella likheter och skillnader det fanns i bildgestaltningen mellan olika tidningsmedier i olika länder. För att förstå bildernas roll i rapporteringen och hur de används för att gestalta terrorattentat gör att studien är intressant och viktig ur ett samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv.  Metod och material:  För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar om hur de tre utvalda tidningarna har bildgestaltat terrorattentaten i Paris 2015 har studien använts sig utav en semiotisk bildanalys. Materialet som har analyserats kommer från Dagens Nyheters, Le Figaros och Daily Mails publicerade tidningar som gavs ut 14 och 16 november 2015.  Huvudresultat:  Den främsta tendensen som studien pekar på är att samtliga tidningars publicerade bilder har gestaltat människor. Utifrån resultatet på den konnotativa nivån har de publicerade bilderna främst gestaltat och förmedlat känslan av sorg.

Thesis Title: Globalization and its effects on law This thesis deals with the phenomenon of globalization and its consequences for law. Due to the fact, that the concept of globalization is very extensive, the thesis focuses only on selected aspects of law as a social phenomenon. In this sense, law is perceived as a political tool for the involvement of other subjects in its creation, which naturally leads to the disruption of the centuries-old role of the state as a hegemon of legislative norm-making. The thesis is divided into three parts, whilst the first chapter focuses on the phenomenon and genesis of globalization as such. It points to its frequent criticisms and concludes that, despite all the shortcomings, it is a very positive process, which ultimately makes the world society as a whole wealthier. Recently, however, the concept of globalization has been discussed at political levels, especially in the context of Brexit and the election of Donald Trump in 2016. The aim of this chapter is to point out the fact that even these elections need to be perceived from the perspective of disillusionment with the process of globalization and its non- economical and rather cultural aspects. However, it must be said that this hypothesis has only been confirmed indirectly and it is appropriate to...

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During the interwar period, France attempted to reinvigorate interest in the empire amongst the public via elaborate colonial expositions. The colonial expositions of Marseille (1922) and Paris (1931) served as a means to celebrate the empire and to educate the French about the benefits of living within Greater France, an entity that included the metropole and the colonies. This thesis examines how press coverage of both expositions worked alongside these events to counteract anxieties regarding France's economic recovery after the war, continuing world presence, demographic losses, and most importantly the relationship between France and its colonies. It explores how the press attempted to mitigate these fears by creating, reinforcing, and reproducing an economically positive, dynamic, vibrant and ultimately sanitized vision of the colonies. This thesis argues that the press actively supported the goals of the expositions and championed the success of the civilizing mission, and demonstrates the media's role in perpetuating visions of French universalism. Their vision reveals contradictions found within French universalism that helps form a basis for analysis. This study scrutinizes the dominant discourses regarding the colonies during the interwar period and how the press used contemporary concepts of race and gender in their coverage of the expositions. This thesis argues that the press used the figure of the colonial soldier/worker and the erotic and patriarchal relationship between France and its colonies to reinforce colonial hierarchies regarding race and gender. The press attempted to shape the public's view of the empire through reconstructions of the imperial project and its people that idealized France's mission. Only the communist press sought to highlight the ferocity of French colonization.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.