A regional survey of environmentally harmful substances in fish in autumn 2013 revealed elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in perch from Lake Oxundasjön, north of Upplands Väsby in Stockholm County. Follow-up studies have shown that the quantity of PCBs contained in the lake is unique of its kind in Sweden, and that the area of influence also includes downstream Rosersbergsviken, a bay of Lake Mälaren. The elevated concentrations in fish exceed today's market limits and environmental quality standards for PCBs, as of this, responsible authorities discourage from consumption of fish from Lake Oxundasjön and Rosersbergsviken. The aim has been to use statistical analyses and mass-balance modelling to study the current state of the lake system and how it may evolve in the future under different circumstances. There is a statistically significant correlation between PCB levels in sediment and perch from 21 different sites in the Stockholm-Mälaren region, including Lake Oxundasjön and Rosersbergsviken, this was demonstrated with a linear regression model. With the multivariate analysis method principal component analysis (PCA), it was illustrated how the contaminant levels in fish from Lake Oxundasjön and Rosersbergsviken differed on contaminant levels in fish from other sites. The difference mainly concerned the size and composition of PCBs. Mass-balance modelling of quantities and flows of PCBs in Lake Oxundasjön and Rosersbergsviken was made in the simulation program STELLA®. The modelling indicated that the system currently serves as a secondary distribution source of PCBs to the environment. The recovery of PCB levels is slow in the system, it will take more than 25 years for concentrations in fish to reach today’s market limits and environmental quality standards for PCBs. The model was used to evaluate three different treatment methods for Lake Oxundasjön: dredging, capping and activated carbon treatment. Simulations of these treatments led to a substantial improvement of the PCB situation in Lake Oxundasjön. Moreover, they also had a positive impact on the recovery process in the downstream Rosersbergsviken. Future climate changes, with warmer temperatures and higher run off, led to a slightly faster recovery progress of PCBs in the system.

本研究以A公司做為研究對象，探討PCB曝光設備廠商的經營策略、精實生產、企業價值管理等相關性議題。 A公司成立初期，研發半自動CCD對位UV燈泡型曝光機，以價格約歐日曝光機的1/3，曝光品質又不低於歐日產品，成功滲透台灣PCB產業，贏得大中廠客戶的好評與信心。17年期間，累計裝機台數已經超出3000台，產品遍佈於台灣、中國、泰國的主要PCB生產廠商，台、中、泰裝機比重約15%、70%、15%。 綜觀3C產品、物聯網設備、穿戴式電子產品、虛擬實境(virtual reality,VR)、無人機、汽車自動駕駛等電子產品，對PCB印刷電路板有三項重要發展趨勢，其一為Any-Layer HDI需求增加；其二為PCB板的線/線距愈趨微細小化，其程度已由50um提升至35um甚至到25um以下。其三為「水俁汞限制公約」於2020年開始實施，將全面禁用含汞之設施。 因此，對於PCB曝光設備廠商A公司而言，也面臨以下三大挑戰。其一為創新研發技術，開發高精密、高產出的DI直接成像曝光設備，並於IC產業贏得市佔率。其二為開發 UV LED 燈源型傳統曝光機，以因應2020年「水俁汞防制公約」的實施及綠能化產品之趨勢。其三為2017年如何調整經營策略突破困境，持續成長，獲取超額利潤，提升企業價值。 本研究擬透過個案研究方法，進行研究訪談，收集初級及次級資料，透過TOWS分析、五力分析、BMC九宮格圖、精實生產、企業價值管理等分析，最後總結經營策略、精實生產、企業價值三者間的相關性，彙整PCB曝光設備產業的關鍵成功因素、中長期的策略方針，做為本研究之結論與建議，提供台灣PCB曝光設備廠商的未來發展之參考。 / This research mainly take Company A as the research object to discuss the business strategy, lean production, enterprise value management and other related issues of PCB Exposure Equipment Manufacturers.At first, Company A was setup for Semi-automatic CCD alignment UV lamp-type exposure machine research and development. With the same or higher quality compared to the European and Japanese products but about 1/3 of the retail price, company A successfully penetrate Taiwan's PCB industry, winning praise and confidence from lots of customers. During the 17-year period, the cumulative total number installed has surpassed 3,000 units. Its products are located in major PCB manufacturers in Taiwan, China and Thailand. The proportion between Taiwan, China and Thailand is 15%, 70% and 15% respectively. Comprehensively looking into the evolution of the electronics industry, there are three important trends for PCB printed circuit boards of electronics products, including 3C products, IoT devices, wearable electronics, virtual reality, drones and autopilot. One is the increasing demand of Any-Layer HDI, the other is the PCB board line / line spacing requirements becoming increasingly smaller and smaller, and has to be improved from 50um to 35um or even less than 25um . Third, the launch of Minamata Convention on Mercury in 2020 will completely ban the use of mercury-containing cosmetics, coal-fired power generation and lighting fixtures. AsFor factors mentioned above, company A faces the following three challenges. One is to reserch and develop innovative technologies to produce high-precision DI direct imaging exposure equipment and gain market share in the IC industry. The other is the development of a full range of traditional UV LED exposure machines to meet the 2020 "Mercury Control Convention" implementation. Third, how to adjust business strategy in 2017 to breakthrough difficulties, sustained growth, excess profit, and enterprise value to defeat the slowdown or decline of the performance growth rate over the past five years. This study intends to conduct research interviews and collect primary and secondary materials from company A, using "Case Study Method", with the analysis of “TOWS”, "Five Forces Analysis", "Business Model Canvas", "Lean Production" and "Enterprise Value Management".Finally, "key success factors" and "medium and long-term strategic directions" were compiled for this research and providing a reference for the future development of Taiwan PCB exposure equipment manufacturers.

Due to the current research needs and the lack of commercial multi-channel, multi-constellation GNSS receivers, a two-board solution has been developed so it can be mated with and take advantage of the processing power of the FPGA board branded as MicroZed. In order to achieve the proposed goals, an initial phase for assessing and updating the older design, building, and testing of SiGe modules (including both the electronics and casings) has been carried out. The results included demonstrate performances at logging GPS-L1 data with similar C/N0 and AGC values as the previous versions of the modules and offering navigation solutions with accuracies of a few meters. Secondly, a first iteration and design proposal for the new generation receiver has been proposed for GPS and GLONASS L1 and L2, which has been manufactured and tested. Partial tests have been performed due to the flaws of the current revision of the MicroZed Board in regards to its communication peripherals, and the results have validated the receiver’s design provided certain modifications are considered for future iterations. Furthermore, voltage and frequency tests have provided results with an error of less than 7%, and signal tests have provided C/N0 values similar to those of the SiGe modules of around 47[dB-Hz] which will be a useful baseline for future iterations. Finally, a design proposal for an Interface Board used between the older NT1065_PMOD Board and other FPGA boards carrying the standardized FMC connectors has been added to the report and negotiations with manufacturers have been engaged.

The presented thesis deals with the design of the product for intelligent control system for GILD. The first part of the diploma thesis contains a brief summary of the intelligent control system. The thesis is designed schematic diagram of the product, it is also designed printed circuit board according to the product requirements. An integral part of the diploma thesis is the design and implementation of the service algorithm for the product.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to design a shooting sport simulation device. Output of this project should be a market competitive product therefore the design should be focused on low price. Other important aspects are safety, reliability and mutlifunctionality of the whole system. Shooting simulation is based on special technology of sensing laser beams with LED developed in author´s bachelor thesis. The system is controlled by a group of microcontrollers. Their program running and communication is a key part of this thesis.

Technology Narrowband IoT is a representative LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) tech-nology that due to its promising features aims for demands of the Internet of Thingsapplications for autonomous data sending from sensors in areas of poor mobile coverage.For such applications, it is beneficial to firstly map properties of communication technol-ogy in areas of intended use and evaluate whether or not is this technology applicable.This Master thesis deals with the design of the hand-held measuring device for evaluationof Narrowband IoT properties. The output of this thesis is firstly comparison of LPWAtechnologies secondly, design of the mentioned device and verification of its functional-ity. And in last part description of measurement of transmission delay for delay-tolerantapplications. Transmission delay is a critical parameter for delay-tolerant applications.Such an application can be, for example, smart electrometers for which there is definedmaximal allowed transmission delay of 10 seconds and therefore it is desirable to evalu-ate whether or not is the deployment of the communication technology Narrowband IoTsuitable in the intended area for delay-tolerant or even for delay-intolerant applications.

Cílem této práce je vývoj dvoukanálového kontroléru krokových motorů. V rámci práce je popsán jak vývoj elektroniky, tak vývoj příslušného software. Elektronika kontrolŕu je založena na mikrokontroléru STM32F405 a driverů krokových motorů vyráběných firmou Trinamic. Pro komunikaci s nadřazenými systémy je implementován protokol CANOpen a sběrnice I\textsuperscript{2}C a USB. Elektronika byla navržena v software KiCAD and využívá čtyřvrstvého plošného spoje a moderních výrobních technologií. Co se týká software, byl vyvinut jak firmware pro mikrokontrolér, tak software pro ovládání kontroléru. Obě části software využívají programovacího jazyka Rust, který se zaměřuje na bezpečnost práce s pamětí, rychlost a zero-cost abstrakce. Sekundárním cílem této práce je ukázat, jak lze tento programovací jazyk s výhodou použít pro programování nízkoúrovňového embedded software. Firmware kontroléru implementuje nezávislé řízení pohybu obou os kontroléru a to jak v rychlostním, tak v pozičním režimu a zároveň implementuje bezpečnostní funkce pro případy selhání komunikace. Výsledný kontrolér by měl být použit v rámcí výzkumné skupiny Robotiky a Umělé Inteligence a studenty na Ústavu Automatizace FEKT VUT.

The Master‘s thesis deals with a creating of display writers on multiple-function steering wheel Formule Student. It is mainly about dates transfered through RS232 or CAN bus from control unit of the Formule to microcontroller. First of all it is necessary to find out, which informations and a which way of displaying them are more useful and readable for drivers. This leads to another point - right choice of display writers, which will be used on the steering wheel. Creation of the design and construction of display device follows.

Dans ce travail, deux méthodes d'extraction multi-résidus de contaminants présents dans des sédiments ont été développées. Dans la première partie de cette étude, une méthode a été développée pour l’'extraction simultanée de deux familles de métabolites oxygénés d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), les quinones et les HAP hydroxylés (OH-HAP). Une approche chimiométrique a permis de déterminer les paramètres influant sur l’extraction assistée par micro-ondes (MAE) et une zone de compromis a été trouvée pour extraire de manière optimale les deux familles de composés. Deux méthodologies d’analyses chromatographiques ont été développées et validées pour analyser les extraits, puis comparées, à savoir la chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée aux détections UV et fluorimétrique (HPLC-UV-Fluo) et la chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à un spectromètre de masse par impact électronique (CPG-SM). En CPG-SM, des réactions de silylation des OH-HAP et d’acétylation des quinones ont dû être mises au point, afin d’abaisser les limites de détection (LD), en particulier pour les ortho-quinones. En HPLC-UV-Fluo, les LD étaient plus faibles qu’en CPG-SM, surtout pour les OH-HAP détectés en Fluo et l'analyse était plus rapide, sans processus de dérivation; mais la détection n’étant pas sélective, l’identification des analytes s’est avérée hazardeuse. Le choix s’est donc porté sur la CPG-SM pour une analyse plus fiable des deux familles de composés de matrices sédimentaires naturellement contaminées. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail de thèse, une nouvelle méthodologie d'extraction a été développée et validée, basée sur la dispersion en phase solide de la matrice solide (MSPD), capable d'extraire mais aussi de purifier l’échantillon, méthodologie par ailleurs simple et rapide. Deux familles de composés ont été extraits simultanément à partir de sédiments, les HAP et les polychlorobiphényles (PCB). Un certain nombre de paramètres ont été optimisés, tels la nature des agents dispersants, le temps de broyage, le volume et la nature du mélange de solvants d’élution. Dans un deuxième temps, l'introduction des OH-HAP dans le processus analytique a amené à coupler à la MSPD une autre méthode d’extraction/purification beaucoup plus sélective, basée sur les polymères à empreintes moléculaires (MIP). En effet, les interférents polaires, restés piégés par l’agent dispersant polaire dans la première cartouche contenant le sédiment broyé, devaient être élués afin de libérer les OH-HAP, qui a leur tour devaient être retenus sélectivement dans un MIP empreint pour les phénols, pour fournir une élution finale exempte d'autres composés. Il a été montré que ces MIPs pouvaient extraire sélectivement les OH-HAP de faible et de haut poids moléculaire, mais il fallait choisir soigneusement le solvant de percolation pour ne pas endommager le polymère. Cependant, la difficulté principale a été de désorber les OH-HAP fortement retenus par le sédiment par liaison hydrogène. Cela a pu être réalisé pour les OH-HAP légers, en utilisant un mélange de solvants avec un effet de relargage par un sel, mais pas pour les OH-HAP lourds, trop fortement adsorbés sur la matrice sédimentaire. Par ailleurs, il a fallu utiliser une grande quantité de polymère à empreinte moléculaire à cause de la compétition pour les sites de reconnaissance entre les OH-HAP et des composés phénoliques. / In this work two multiresidual methods for extracting contaminants from sediments were developed. In the first part of this study, a method was developed for extracting simultaneously two groups of oxygenated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), quinones and hydroxylated PAHs (hydroxy-PAHs). A chemometric approach allowed us to determine the influential parameters on microwave assisted extraction (MAE), and a compromise could be found for extracting quantitatively both families of compounds. Two chromatographic analytical methodologies were developed and validated for analysing the extracts: high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorimetric and ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV-FLD) and gas chromatography coupled with an electronic impact mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Using GC-MS, reactions of silylation of hydroxy-PAHs and of acetylation of quinones had to be developed, to decrease detection limits (LOD), particularly for ortho-quinones. Using HPLC-UV-FLD, LODs were lower than using GC-MS, particularly for hydroxy-PAHs detected by FLD, and the analysis was faster, without derivatization; but the detectors were not selective, and identification of analytes was doubtful. Choice was done to favour GC-MS for a more reliable analysis of the two families of compounds extracted from naturally contaminated sediments. In the second part of this thesis work, a new fast and simple extraction methodology was developed and validated, based on matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), capable of extracting and purifying simultaneously sediment samples. Two families of compounds were simultaneously extracted from sediments, PAHs and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). Many parameters were optimized, as the nature of dispersing agents, the time of grinding, the volume and nature of elution solvent mixtures. In a second step, hydroxy-PAHs were introduced in the analytical process, which led us to add another more selective extraction/purification method to MSPD, based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Indeed polar interfering compounds, trapped by the polar dispersant in the first cartridge containing the blended sediment, had to be eluted to release hydroxy-PAHs, which in turn had to be selectively retained by the polymer, imprinted for phenols, to provide a final eluate free from other polar compounds. It was demonstrated that those MIPs could selectively extract low and high molecular weight hydroxy-PAHs, but appropriate percolating solvents had to be chosen to avoid polymer damages. However, the main difficulty was to desorb hydroxy-PAHs strongly retained by the sediment matrix through hydrogen bonds. It could be achieved for light hydroxy-PAHs, using a mixture of eluting solvents with salting-out effect, but not for heavy hydroxy-PAHs which stayed strongly sorbed on the sediment matrix. Furthermore we needed to use high amounts of imprinted polymer because of the competition for recognition sites between hydroxy-PAHs and phenolic compounds.

This work discuses Embedded Ethernet systems. Embedded Webserver Platform is designed. This design embrace microkontroler, Ethernet driver, and external SRAM. It includes implementation on PCB with MMC interface and software implementation of MMC driver and FAT file system. Reference model ISO/OSI, reference model TCP/IP, Ethernet and UDP, TCP, IP, HTTP protocol is presented.