Em muitos países e principalmente no Brasil, compostos oxigenados tais como etanol e metil terta-butil-éter (MTBE) têm sido adicionados à gasolina em cerca de 26% do seu volume para aumentar a octanagem do motor e diminuir a emissão de monóxido de carbono e os níveis de ozônio na atmosfera. O derramamento de tais gasolinas, referidas como gasolina oxigenada tem um efeito cosolvente, provocando um aumento da concentração dos hidrocarbonetos na água subterrânea. A taxa de dissolução em água da gasolina oxigenada, que é dependente das propriedades químicas dos compostos orgânicos, determinam o grau e a severidade de contaminação da água subterrânea nas vizinhanças do derramamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar e quantificar o potencial de contaminação da água subterrânea e de solos arenosos residuais dos arenitos da Formação Botucatu por derramamento de gasolina oxigenada. As análises realizadas buscam fornecer dados para a modelagem numérica em casos envolvendo derramamento de gasolina. Ensaios de equilíbrio em lote e de dissolução em colunas foram realizados objetivando a determinação da concentração aquosa de hidrocarbonetos da gasolina em equilíbrio de fases e a avaliação do tempo estimado para total dissolução em água dos hidrocarbonetos da gasolina pura. Ambos os ensaios analisaram também o efeito cosolvente do etanol na mistura. Verificou-se a validade da lei de Raoult e do modelo log-linear na determinação da concentração aquosa da gasolina pura e oxigenada. Em colunas de solos não saturados avaliou-se a difusão na fase vapor dos compostos orgânicos da gasolina em função do tempo. Finalizando as análises, fez-se uma simulação numérica do transporte da gasolina em zonas não saturadas fazendo-se uso do programa R-UNSAT. / In many countries and mainly in Brazil oxygenated compounds such as ethanol and MTBE have been added to gasoline up to 26% to increase the octane level and to reduce carbon monoxide and ozone levels in the air. The spill of such gasolines, referred as oxygenated gasoline has a potential cosolvent effect, resulting in an increased groundwater concentration of hydrocarbons. The rate of oxygenated gasoline dissolution, which is dependent of the chemical properties of the compounds, determines the degree and severity of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of the spill. The goal of this research was to analyze and to quantify the potential of contamination of the groundwater and of the residual sandy soils from Botucatu sandstone due to the spill of oxigenated gasoline. The performed analysis supply data to the numerical model in case of gasoline spills. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests were carried out in order to determine the equilibrium aqueous concentration of the hydrocarbons compounds of gasoline and to evaluate the time scale for aqueous dissolution of the hydrocarbons compounds. Both tests have analyzed the cosolvent effect of ethanol in the mixture. It was verified the validity of the Raoult's law and the log-linear cosolvency model to estimate the solubility of the hydrocarbons compounds from unamended gasoline and from oxygenated gasoline. Column tests with unsaturated undisturbed soil samples were carried out to investigate the vapor-phase diffusion of aromatic hydrocarbons compounds with time. Finally the transport of gasoline in unsaturated zones was simulated with the R-UNSAT model.

Orientador: Edevar Luvizotto Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T20:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Palhares_JulianaBarbosa_M.pdf: 1136611 bytes, checksum: 85a62466425d6655acb5af5bcc414c66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Nos sistemas de transporte de fluido líquido, têm-se a preocupação em combater às fugas ou vazamentos. Dessa fonna, este trabalho tem como objetivo aperfeiçoar o método de detecção de fugas em tubulações pelo método de resposta nos domínios fteqüência e tempo, utilizando como ferramentas matemáticas o Método da Matriz Transferência / Resposta em Freqüência e o Método das Características / Transfonnada Rápida de Fourier, sendo demonstradas as vantagens e desvantagens de cada método. E, como contribuição original, propõe um método de detecção de fugas através da análise de pulso de Alta Freqüência, localizando as fugas através da detenninação do tempo que um pulso emitido pela válvula leva para percorrer toda a tubulação e retomar à esta, denominado como Pulso Refletido / Abstract: In liquid fluid transport systems, there is a concem about avoiding leaks. Thus, this work has as objective to improve the leak detection method in pipes by úequency and time domains response method, being used as mathematical tools the method ofTransfer-Matrix / by úequency response and the Method of Characteristics / the Fast Fourier Transform, being demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of each method. And, as new contribution, propose a leak detection method through the analysis of high frequency pulse, detecting the leaks through determination of time that a pulse produced by the valve takes to go through all pipe and come back, is denominated as a reflected pulse / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of oil and natural gas flows in Eurasia and maps Ukraine's transit position in the regional oil and gas supply chain. The aim of the thesis is to objectively evaluate possibilities of Eurasian energy integration by enlargement of the European energy market further to the East and to prospect Ukraine's involvement into a new geopolitical energy alliance, driven by EU. This dissertation builds up on economical, geographical, historical and political premises of markets integration as well as system approach of energy alliances development. It argues that (i) energy integration on contrary to traditional economic stream can be explained by system approach and geopolitical stream of energy expansionism; (ii) EU infrustructural oil and gas projects imply deeper integration of EU member-states with involed non-members and (iii) Ukraine's oil and gas transit status within Eurasian region facilitates its growing involvement into EU energy intiatives guided by the European rules. The thesis is organized into three chapters. The first one is predominately theoretical and seeks to summarize current theoretical approaches towards integration and trends of energy markets in Eurasia. The second chapter introduces the role of oil and gas transport capacities and Ukraine's transit status in resolving disparities of Eurasian energy supply chain. The third chapter describes condition of Ukrainian oil and gas infrastructure and tackles issues for reformation of national oil and gas transit pipelines. Securing access to energy supplies has been a driving factor of global development since the industrial revolution. Increasing demand for oil and gas has undermined energy and economic security of world centers. In Eurasia Europe and Asia has been competing for fossil fuels originating from Russia, Middle East and Central Asia. Since recently Eurasian energy security problem is being solved by development of new supply routes. These infrastructural projects are initiated by oil and gas consumers, suppliers and transitors competing over control in the infrastructure. Such competition destabilises Eurasian relations, leads to energy "wars", political conflicts and increases supplies disruption risks. To secure stability of energy supply chain producers, transitors and consumers of oil and gas resources should integrate, closely cooperate and jointly invest into improving the existing supply routes and efficiency of fuels consumtion, production and transportation. Oil and gas should be traded for technologies and capital securing control in the infrustucture of mutual interests. Development of further bilateral and multilateral tools of joint interest would also help in resolving energy related contradictions of the participating parties. The leading role in driving energy integration in Eurasia belongs to the EU being the most mature and advanced integration grouping in Eurasia. EU realises TEN-e projects and from recently a common foreign energy policy aimed to strengthen external cooperation with oil and gas suppliers and transitors, including Ukraine. Since 1970s Ukraine has been an important oil and gas transitor for Russian and Central Asian oil and gas to Europe. Ukrainian pipelines intermediate 10 % of oil and 50 % of gas imports of Europe. To counterbalance Russian energy diplomacy over Ukraine, EU is supporting Ukraine's efforts in such energy alliances as INOGATE or GUAM. Ukraine's recent accession to the South Eastern-European Energy Community should improve stability of gas and oil supplies to Europe and facilitate reformation of national transit capacities.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux mouvements sociaux autochtones d’opposition aux oléoducs. Nous cherchons à comprendre pourquoi ces mouvements privilégient l’occupation territoriale comme mode d’action et surtout, quel sens ils donnent à ce type d’action. Nous examinons spécifiquement deux organisations, l'International Indigenous Youth Council (qui s’inscrit dans le mouvement des Water Protectors) opposé à l’oléoduc Dakota Access aux États-Unis, et les Tiny House Warriors, opposé.e.s à l’oléoduc Trans Mountain au Canada. Afin de mieux comprendre ces mouvements, nous avons effectué une analyse de discours à partir de 25-30 vidéos publiées sur Facebook et YouTube pour chaque groupe. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que ces mouvements ne s’opposent pas seulement aux oléoducs, ils ancrent en fait leur action dans un long héritage de résistance au colonialisme de peuplement et dans un projet plus large de (re)construction identitaire, s'inscrivant dans une éthique de la résurgence autochtone. Nous démontrons comment ces mouvements représentent l’occupation comme une réoccupation, à la fois physique et symbolique, du terrain politique. Ainsi, ces mouvements réaffirment par le fait même leurs systèmes de gouvernance traditionnels et leurs pratiques spirituelles. En ce sens, l’opposition aux oléoducs devient presque secondaire, un prétexte pour des objectifs plus larges. Nous soutenons également que bien que ces deux mouvements s’inscrivent dans une même éthique de la résurgence, celle-ci se manifeste différemment en raison du contexte, mais aussi de l’histoire coloniale et des cultures au sein desquelles ces mouvements s’inscrivent. La résurgence autochtone doit en ce sens être située historiquement et culturellement. / This dissertation is interested in indigenous social movements opposing oil pipelines. We are trying to understand why these movements favour territorial occupation as a mode of action and above all, what meaning they give to this type of action. We are looking specifically at two organizations, the International Indigenous Youth Council (part of the Water Protectors movement) opposed to the Dakota Access pipeline in the United States, and the Tiny House Warriors, opposed to the Trans Mountain pipeline in Canada. In order to better understand these movements, we carried out a discourse analysis from 25-30 videos published on Facebook and YouTube for each group. Our results show that these movements do not only oppose the oil pipelines, they in fact anchor their action in a long legacy of resistance to settler colonialism and in a broader project of (re)construction of identity, which is part in an ethics of indigenous resurgence. We demonstrate how these movements represent occupation as a reoccupation, both physical and symbolic, of political space. In doing so, these movements reaffirm their traditional systems of governance and spiritual practices. In this sense, opposition to pipelines becomes almost secondary, a mere pretext for more big picture objectives. We also maintain that although these two movements are part of the same ethic of resurgence, it manifests itself differently because of the context, but also because of the colonial history and the cultures in which these movements are embedded. In this sense, indigenous resurgence must be situated historically and culturally.

En todo el mundo, las explotaciones petroleras por lo general están ubicadas en espacios alejados de las ciudades o centros de procesamiento. Esa condición plantea un problema muy interesante referente al transporte del crudo de los centros de extracción a los centros de refinamiento o comercialización y el Perú no escapa a esta problemática. Por otro lado, se encuentran desafíos para la utilización del oleoducto de manera eficiente donde se permita mejorar la competitividad del sector hidrocarburos. Por ello, en la presente investigación estudiaremos los desafíos que enfrenta el Oleoducto Norperuano (ONP) como parte de la cadena logística del crudo de petróleo de los campos de la Amazonía Peruana. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer si el ONP sigue siendo la mejor alternativa logística para el transporte de crudo de petróleo de los campos petrolíferos ubicados en la Amazonía peruana. A tal efecto se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa, en la cual se han utilizado las opiniones de expertos en el área petrolera, mediante la realización de entrevistas personalizadas y a profundidad. Los resultados obtenidos del trabajo de investigación se presentan de la siguiente manera: el ONP es la mejor y más importante alternativa para el transporte del crudo de la Amazonía a los centros de refinación, comercialización y posterior exportación. También se hace necesario implementar programas de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo con el fin de garantizar su funcionalidad. / Around the world, oil fields are usually located in spaces far from cities or remote areas. This condition generated a very interesting problem regarding the transportation of oil crude from the extraction centers to the refining or commercialization centers, and Peru does not escape of this problem. On the other hand, there are challenges for the efficient use of the pipeline where it is possible to improve the competitiveness of the hydrocarbon sector. Therefore, in this research we will study the challenges faced by the North Peruvian Pipeline (ONP) as part of the oil crude logistics chain from the fields of the Peruvian Amazon. The objective of the research is to know if the ONP can be consider the best logistical alternative for the transportation of crude oil from the oil fields located in the Peruvian Amazon. To this end, a qualitative investigation has been carried out, in which the opinions of experts in the oil field have been used, through personalized and in-depth interviews. The results obtained from the research work are presented as follows: the ONP is the best and most important alternative for transporting crude from the Amazon to refining, marketing and subsequent export centers. It is also necessary to implement preventive and corrective maintenance programs in order to guarantee its functionality. / Tesis

Musical timbre transfer is the task of re-rendering the musical content of a given source using the rendering style of a target sound. The source keeps its musical content, e.g., pitch, microtiming, orchestration, and syncopation. I specifically focus on the task of transferring the style of percussive patterns extracted from polyphonic audio using a MelGAN-VC model [57] by training acoustic properties for each genre. Evaluating audio style transfer is challenging and typically requires user studies. An analytical methodology based on supervised and unsupervised learning including visualization for evaluating musical timbre transfer is proposed. The proposed methodology is used to evaluate the MelGAN-VC model for musical timbre transfer of drum tracks. The method uses audio features to analyze results of the timbre transfer based on classification probability from Random Forest classifier. And K-means algorithm can classify unlabeled instances using audio features and style-transformed results are visualized by t-SNE dimensionality reduction technique, which is helpful for interpreting relations between musical genres and comparing results from the Random Forest classifier. / Graduate

Proposal for heating and water warming of rehabilitation centre. The first part of the project analyses given topic, the matter of calculating heat losses and heating elements proposal. It also deals with heat source for heating, fuel for boilers and condensation boilers functioning. The second part covers the technical design of the theme and the third part deals with the solar system.

This master’s thesis deals with the issue of recirculating of flue-gas of pulverized coal-fired boiler. Part of the thesis are thermal calculations of mills for operational status with and without flue-gas recirculation and design of routes of recirculated flue-gas into the mills at the level of feasibility study.

The diploma thesis is focused on the energy security of the European union, specifically on the import of natural gas. The dependence on the import of natural gas is one of the key questions for the energy security of the EU. One of the tools for dealing with this issue is diversification of the suppliers a searching for a new sources of energy to sustain the economical development of the EU. One of the goals of the EU' Energy security strategy is to lower its dependence on gas imports from Russia. In the lights of recent events, when the gas supply was disrupted a few times, because of the events on Ukraine, Russian aggression in the eastern part of Ukraine and annexation of the Crimea, EU is looking for a better alternative. The research is trying to find out what is the role of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, which will bypass Ukraine and go straight from Russia to Germany and will have impact on other Central and Eastern European countries. The question is whether the project is viable vis-a-vis energy security framework metrics and whether there are better alternatives such as the Southern Gas Corridor or the possibility to import liquified natural gas LNG from elsewhere. Apart from the energy security framework the geopolitics is taken into an account and will try to explain the power...

Master thesis "Czech Republic and its connection to new LNG terminals - strengthening of the gas security" examines the level of gas security in the Czech Republic. Dependency of the Czech Republic on gas supplies from foreign countries is almost 100 %. Russian federation is dominant supplier with roughly 75 % of the supplies. High dependency on one exporter is considered hazardous from energy security perspective. The Czech government should strive to change and improve this situation. The diversification is considered as a useful tool to improve the gas security. Currently there are new gas projects built in neighboring countries, which may influence energy security of the Czech Republic. The study researches the impact of these new projects on the Czech Republic. Namely we focused on gas pipeline Nord Stream and its Czech connection Gazelle, which will connect North Germany and Bavaria through the Czech Republic. Second project is gas network called "the North - South Corridor" connecting Baltic and Adriatic Sea. The North - South corridor may be potentially linked up to the new LNG terminals Świnoujście in Poland or Adria in Croatia. Furthermore, there are long-lasting plans to open new "South" gas route from Caspian region to Europe. The main goal of this thesis is to explore real...