La presente tesis busca desarrollar una guía basada en los conceptos planteados en el PMBOK en su sexta versión para que, con ello, se puedan eliminar los problemas de planificación de proyectos que son repetitivos en las implementaciones de oficinas prime en la ciudad de Lima. La necesidad de atender este problema es que la mayoría de pequeñas y medianas empresas del rubro no aplican conceptos de gestión de proyectos o lo hacen de manera muy puntual y de manera aislada, principalmente debido a que no pueden costear una oficina de gerencia de proyectos o a un profesional debidamente capacitado. Este problema genera que la utilidad de estas empresas se vea mermada por la aparición de sobrecostos, los cuales son resultados de esta inadecuada gestión. Cabe recalcar que la presente tesis se desarrolló teniendo 3 casos de estudio los cuales, si bien pertenecen al rubro de implementación de oficinas, tenían diversas diferencias en cuanto a alcance, plazos, costos, entre otros factores, con lo cual se puede garantizar un mejor análisis de los problemas encontrados y, con ello, poder realizar una propuesta más completa y que sea útil para cualquier proyecto futuro. Finalmente, es importante mencionar que el planteamiento realizado fue validado luego de la revisión de expertos en el tipo de proyectos que se ha evaluado, el cual es implementación de oficinas. / This thesis seeks to develop a guide or guidelines based on the concepts outlined in the PMBOK in its sixth version so that, with this, the problems of planning projects that are repetitive in the implementations of prime offices in the city of Lima can be eliminated. The need to address this problem is that the majority of small and medium-sized companies in the field do not apply project management concepts or do so very punctually and in isolation, mainly because they cannot afford a project management office or a properly trained professional. This problem generates that the utility of these companies is diminished by the appearance of cost overruns, which are the result of this inadequate management. It should be noted that this thesis was developed with 3 case studies which, although they belong to the office implementation area, had various differences in terms of scope, deadlines, costs, among other factors, with which a better analysis of the problems encountered and, with this, to be able to make a more complete proposal that is useful for any future project. Finally, it is important to mention that the approach made was validated after an expert review of the type of projects that has been evaluated, which is office implementation. / Tesis

Las empresas pequeñas y medianas de construcción en la actualidad enfrentan un mercado de mucha competencia interna y externa, además de ello no cuentan con una metodología de control de sus costos por falta de conocimiento o interés. Por tanto, la introducción de metodologías y técnicas para gestionar sus proyectos es muy significativa, lo que mejorará su competitividad y rentabilidad, y así mantenerse en la industria de la construcción. Para el control de costos, tenemos a la técnica del Valor ganado EV, que representa una buena práctica de la gestión de proyectos, por lo que la Guía del PMBOK® 6ta Edición, lo establece como una herramienta de gestión, a usar para controlar y monitorear un proyecto. Con este fin en el presente trabajo se centró en el desarrollo de una metodología de aplicación de la técnica del valor ganado, en un proyecto de Saneamiento, aplicándose los procesos de planificación, ejecución y monitoreo y control del Valor Ganado, tomando en cuenta que la integración del alcance, tiempo y costo de un proyecto viene a ser la parte más importante al momento de planificar los trabajos, lo que nos resulta una línea base de medición de desempeño del proyecto (PMB) debidamente determinada para controlar y gestionar el desempeño del proyecto. De la aplicación de la metodología de la técnica del valor ganado EV, se resume que se puede obtener los datos necesarios para poder corregir o mejorar el desempeño de un proyecto. A pesar de que el indicador SPI, tiene una desventaja de control en la fase final del proyecto, y para superar ello, se complementará con la técnica del cronograma ganado. Con los resultados concluimos que adoptar los procedimientos plasmados no requiere de grandes modificaciones a las estructuras y políticas de organización que existe en una empresa. / Nowadays smalls and mediums enterprise (SME) of construction have a highly global competitive. In addition, they do not have methodologies of budget control, for lack knowledge or interest. So, introduction of methodologies and techniques for management your projects are much significate, getting better competitive and profit-earning capacity, and stay in the construction industry. For the costs control, we have technique of Earned Value (EV), represents a practice good in the project’s management, so that a Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® guide) 6ta Edition, define as tool management to monitoring and controlled a project. The objective the present work is development an application methodology of earned value for a project construction water drinking and sewerage service. Where the application of process planning, executing, monitoring and controlling of earned value, emphasizing with much important, the integration of scope, schedule and cost of project, establishing as result the performance measurement baseline (PMB) approved to manage and control project performance. The methodology application of Earned Value EV technique, in summary that can getting data necessary to improve or correct the performance in a project. Even though that the indicator SPI, have a disadvantage, this has disadvantages in the phases project end, and to overcome it, complement with earned schedule technique. With the results, conclude the procedures adopt not need big changes in the politics and structures organization of enterprise. / Trabajo de investigación

O gerenciamento de projetos de forma sistematizada vem se tornando essencial para todo tipo de organização, pois os mercados a cada dia tornam-se cada vez mais competitivos, os recursos mais escassos e os clientes muito mais exigentes. É possível observar isso com o número crescente de empresas que se associam ao Project Management Institute (PMI) - referência nas melhores práticas em gerenciamento de projetos - que desde o final de 2013 possui mais de 400.000 empresas associadas em todo o planeta. Tal tendência é natural, visto que as empresas necessitam se destacar nos negócios em um mercado cada vez mais dinâmico a fim de garantir a sua sobrevivência. De acordo com Gu et al. (2013), uma questão-chave na investigação de gerenciamento de projetos gira em torno de porquê alguns projetos são bem sucedidos, enquanto outros não. Esta questão levou os pesquisadores a explorar determinantes potenciais que possam levar ao sucesso ou fracasso de um projeto. Por exemplo, o Standish Group International (2009) encontrou uma taxa global de fracasso do projeto em torno de 72% nos EUA. É certo que a cultura organizacional exerce forte influência no sucesso dos projetos, mas seria possível diagnosticá-la para com isso melhor conduzir as equipes de projeto? Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação entre a cultura organizacional e o gerenciamento de projetos, utilizando-se para tanto dos modelos como o Competing Values Framework (CVF) e o Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). O emprego dos modelos se justifica por serem os mais utilizados na literatura em gestão organizacional, embora não tenham sido encontrados estudos empíricos que os utilize no contexto brasileiro em gerenciamento de projetos. O método utilizado para obtenção do perfil cultural dominante para o sucesso em gerenciamento de projetos foi survey, na qual o modelo OCAI foi adaptado e destinado para gerentes e membros de equipe de projetos. Observou-se através da análise dos dados, que a cultura de clã foi a que apresentou forte influência para o sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos de acordo com a percepção dos respondentes da survey. É importante ressaltar que não há um perfil de cultura melhor que o outro, portanto, a cultura de gerenciamento de projetos obtida é apenas o diagnóstico de uma cultura organizacional que poderá permitir a obtenção de um desempenho superior, ou seja, sucesso no atendimento de escopo, qualidade, custo e prazo. Discute-se para estudos futuros a importância de se empregar respondentes de diferentes estados do Brasil e ainda de outros países, buscando estabelecer que não existam influências de outros fatores culturais regionais na percepção dos respondentes. / Project management in a systematic manner has become essential for any type of organization, because the markets every day become increasingly competitive, scarce resources and more demanding customers. You can see this with the growing number of companies that are associated with the Project Management Institute (PMI) - reference the best practices in project management - which since late 2013 has more than 400,000 affiliates around the world. This tendency is natural, since companies need to stand out in business in an increasingly dynamic market in order to ensure their survival. According to Gu et al. (2013), a key issue in project management research centers on why some projects are successful while others do not. This question led the researchers to explore potential determinants that can lead to success or failure of a project. For example, the Standish Group International (2009) found an overall rate of failure of the project around 72% in the US. Admittedly, the organizational culture has a strong influence on the success of the projects, but it would be possible to diagnose it for it better lead project teams? Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between organizational culture and project management, using for both models like the Competing Values Framework (CVF) and the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). The use of models is justified because they are the most used in the literature on organizational management, although we did not find empirical studies that use them in the Brazilian context in project management. The method used to obtain the dominant cultural profile for success in project management was the survey, in which the OCAI model was adapted and designed for managers and project team members. It was observed by analyzing the data, the clan culture showed the strong influence for success in project management according to the perception of the survey respondents. Importantly, there is a better culture profile than the other, so the obtained project management culture is only the diagnosis of an organizational culture that may allow obtaining superior performance, ie success in scope of service, quality, cost and schedule. It is argued for further study the importance of employing respondents from different states of Brazil and even from other countries, seeking to establish that there are no influences from other regional cultural factors in the perception of respondents.

O gerenciamento de projetos de forma sistematizada vem se tornando essencial para todo tipo de organização, pois os mercados a cada dia tornam-se cada vez mais competitivos, os recursos mais escassos e os clientes muito mais exigentes. É possível observar isso com o número crescente de empresas que se associam ao Project Management Institute (PMI) - referência nas melhores práticas em gerenciamento de projetos - que desde o final de 2013 possui mais de 400.000 empresas associadas em todo o planeta. Tal tendência é natural, visto que as empresas necessitam se destacar nos negócios em um mercado cada vez mais dinâmico a fim de garantir a sua sobrevivência. De acordo com Gu et al. (2013), uma questão-chave na investigação de gerenciamento de projetos gira em torno de porquê alguns projetos são bem sucedidos, enquanto outros não. Esta questão levou os pesquisadores a explorar determinantes potenciais que possam levar ao sucesso ou fracasso de um projeto. Por exemplo, o Standish Group International (2009) encontrou uma taxa global de fracasso do projeto em torno de 72% nos EUA. É certo que a cultura organizacional exerce forte influência no sucesso dos projetos, mas seria possível diagnosticá-la para com isso melhor conduzir as equipes de projeto? Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação entre a cultura organizacional e o gerenciamento de projetos, utilizando-se para tanto dos modelos como o Competing Values Framework (CVF) e o Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). O emprego dos modelos se justifica por serem os mais utilizados na literatura em gestão organizacional, embora não tenham sido encontrados estudos empíricos que os utilize no contexto brasileiro em gerenciamento de projetos. O método utilizado para obtenção do perfil cultural dominante para o sucesso em gerenciamento de projetos foi survey, na qual o modelo OCAI foi adaptado e destinado para gerentes e membros de equipe de projetos. Observou-se através da análise dos dados, que a cultura de clã foi a que apresentou forte influência para o sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos de acordo com a percepção dos respondentes da survey. É importante ressaltar que não há um perfil de cultura melhor que o outro, portanto, a cultura de gerenciamento de projetos obtida é apenas o diagnóstico de uma cultura organizacional que poderá permitir a obtenção de um desempenho superior, ou seja, sucesso no atendimento de escopo, qualidade, custo e prazo. Discute-se para estudos futuros a importância de se empregar respondentes de diferentes estados do Brasil e ainda de outros países, buscando estabelecer que não existam influências de outros fatores culturais regionais na percepção dos respondentes. / Project management in a systematic manner has become essential for any type of organization, because the markets every day become increasingly competitive, scarce resources and more demanding customers. You can see this with the growing number of companies that are associated with the Project Management Institute (PMI) - reference the best practices in project management - which since late 2013 has more than 400,000 affiliates around the world. This tendency is natural, since companies need to stand out in business in an increasingly dynamic market in order to ensure their survival. According to Gu et al. (2013), a key issue in project management research centers on why some projects are successful while others do not. This question led the researchers to explore potential determinants that can lead to success or failure of a project. For example, the Standish Group International (2009) found an overall rate of failure of the project around 72% in the US. Admittedly, the organizational culture has a strong influence on the success of the projects, but it would be possible to diagnose it for it better lead project teams? Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between organizational culture and project management, using for both models like the Competing Values Framework (CVF) and the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). The use of models is justified because they are the most used in the literature on organizational management, although we did not find empirical studies that use them in the Brazilian context in project management. The method used to obtain the dominant cultural profile for success in project management was the survey, in which the OCAI model was adapted and designed for managers and project team members. It was observed by analyzing the data, the clan culture showed the strong influence for success in project management according to the perception of the survey respondents. Importantly, there is a better culture profile than the other, so the obtained project management culture is only the diagnosis of an organizational culture that may allow obtaining superior performance, ie success in scope of service, quality, cost and schedule. It is argued for further study the importance of employing respondents from different states of Brazil and even from other countries, seeking to establish that there are no influences from other regional cultural factors in the perception of respondents.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether a combination of agile system development methodologies (ASDMs) and project management methodologies (PMMs) can be used to develop a hybrid APMM that will have the ability to deliver information technology (IT) projects successfully in a constantly changing business and project environment. To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted on the relatively well–established ASDMs by firstly defining a SDM and an ASDM. Each ASDM and its effectiveness are described, after which ASDMs in general are evaluated by considering their area of application, advantages and disadvantages. A comparison is then done of the seven different ASDMs using the four elements of an SDM (Huisman & Iivari, 2006:32) to emphasise some of the main similarities and differences amongst the different ASDMs. The seven ASDMs investigated in this study are Dynamic System Development Methodology, Scrum, Extreme Programming, Feature Driven Development, Crystal ASDMs ? Crystal Clear and Crystal Orange in particular, Adaptive Software Development and Lean Development. A literature review was also conducted on two structured and relatively well–established PMMs, PMBOK and PRINCE2, and a relatively new PMM called Agile Project Management. Each PMM is evaluated by considering their area of application, advantages, disadvantages and integration with other methodologies, after which a comparison is made of the different PMMs. The research was conducted by following a mixed methods research plan, which included the mixed methods research paradigm (combination of the interpretive research paradigm and the positivistic research paradigm), research methods (design science, case study and survey), quantitative and qualitative data–collection techniques (interviews and questionnaires), and dataanalysis techniques (cross–case and statistical). The reasons that projects fail and critical project success factors were studied and summarised to form the critical project success criteria, which were used to create the agile project success criteria. The ASDM best practice and PMM best practice frameworks were created by identifying whether a certain ASDM or PMM would satisfy a specific agile project success factor (APSF) of the agile project success criteria. The findings of each APSF in the respective frameworks were used as a foundation to develop a hybrid APMM (ver. 0) that would address the agile project success criteria. The hybrid APMM (ver. 0) was developed interpretively using design science (research approach) and constructivism by combining the strengths, addressing the weaknesses and bridging the gaps identified in the frameworks. The hybrid APMM (ver. 0) was then evaluated and improved by conducting an interpretive case study, which entailed interviewing participants from large and small organisations. Once the qualitative data collected had been analysed using cross–case analysis, the findings were incorporated in order to create an improved hybrid APMM (ver. 1). The hybrid APMM (ver. 1) too was evaluated and improved by conducting a survey, which entailed administering questionnaires to various respondents in order to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The findings of the statistical analysis of the data were also used to improve the hybrid APMM (ver. 1), resulting in the final hybrid APMM (ver. 2). This study demonstrates that a combination of ASDMs and PMMs can be used to develop a hybrid APMM with the ability to deliver IT projects in a constantly changing project and business environment. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether a combination of agile system development methodologies (ASDMs) and project management methodologies (PMMs) can be used to develop a hybrid APMM that will have the ability to deliver information technology (IT) projects successfully in a constantly changing business and project environment. To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted on the relatively well–established ASDMs by firstly defining a SDM and an ASDM. Each ASDM and its effectiveness are described, after which ASDMs in general are evaluated by considering their area of application, advantages and disadvantages. A comparison is then done of the seven different ASDMs using the four elements of an SDM (Huisman & Iivari, 2006:32) to emphasise some of the main similarities and differences amongst the different ASDMs. The seven ASDMs investigated in this study are Dynamic System Development Methodology, Scrum, Extreme Programming, Feature Driven Development, Crystal ASDMs ? Crystal Clear and Crystal Orange in particular, Adaptive Software Development and Lean Development. A literature review was also conducted on two structured and relatively well–established PMMs, PMBOK and PRINCE2, and a relatively new PMM called Agile Project Management. Each PMM is evaluated by considering their area of application, advantages, disadvantages and integration with other methodologies, after which a comparison is made of the different PMMs. The research was conducted by following a mixed methods research plan, which included the mixed methods research paradigm (combination of the interpretive research paradigm and the positivistic research paradigm), research methods (design science, case study and survey), quantitative and qualitative data–collection techniques (interviews and questionnaires), and dataanalysis techniques (cross–case and statistical). The reasons that projects fail and critical project success factors were studied and summarised to form the critical project success criteria, which were used to create the agile project success criteria. The ASDM best practice and PMM best practice frameworks were created by identifying whether a certain ASDM or PMM would satisfy a specific agile project success factor (APSF) of the agile project success criteria. The findings of each APSF in the respective frameworks were used as a foundation to develop a hybrid APMM (ver. 0) that would address the agile project success criteria. The hybrid APMM (ver. 0) was developed interpretively using design science (research approach) and constructivism by combining the strengths, addressing the weaknesses and bridging the gaps identified in the frameworks. The hybrid APMM (ver. 0) was then evaluated and improved by conducting an interpretive case study, which entailed interviewing participants from large and small organisations. Once the qualitative data collected had been analysed using cross–case analysis, the findings were incorporated in order to create an improved hybrid APMM (ver. 1). The hybrid APMM (ver. 1) too was evaluated and improved by conducting a survey, which entailed administering questionnaires to various respondents in order to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The findings of the statistical analysis of the data were also used to improve the hybrid APMM (ver. 1), resulting in the final hybrid APMM (ver. 2). This study demonstrates that a combination of ASDMs and PMMs can be used to develop a hybrid APMM with the ability to deliver IT projects in a constantly changing project and business environment. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

This research focuses on the role that polychronic Communication (PC) plays in the productivity and project success of Information Technology (IT) Project Managers (PMs). PC refers to a communication style where the communicator switches rapidly between several conversations, irrespective of topic similarity, instead of completing one conversation before starting another. An online questionnaire collected data from Information Technology workers in multiple industries across the globe. The data consisted out of two distinct groups: IT PMs (n = 202) and IT project team members (n = 122). Statistical analysis on the dataset considered the perspectives of both participant groups, first separately and then combined. The results showed relationships between: 1. IT PMs’ individual polychronicity and their PC. 2. IT PMs’ PC and their opinion of the influence of PC on the success of the projects that they are managing. 3. IT PMs’ PC and their opinion of the influence of PC on their productivity. 4. IT PMs’ PC and the corporate polychronicity of their employers. In addition, when IT PMs rate their PC, the rating is lower than when other IT project team members rate the IT PMs’ PC. By contrast, there was no difference between IT PMs rating the influence of their PC on their project success and productivity versus IT project teams rating the influence of the IT PMs’ PC on their project success and productivity. These findings contribute to the factors that a corporation has to consider in hiring new IT PMs or training their current IT PMs. / Information Science / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

The diploma paper introduces and, consequently, compares the worldwide accepted project management standards PMBOK Guide and CzNCB and ASAP Methodology for Implementation. Project management standards were presented by PMI and IPMA organizations, ASAP Methodology for Implementation was developed by SAP organization. The theoretical background is further applied on real situations within projects of implementations of SAP solutions that are realized by the company NESS Czech s.r.o.. Possible difficulties, which may arise during every implementation of SAP solutions, are being identified due to knowledge and experience of project managers and solution architects of NESS Czech s.r.o., not only during each phase of ASAP Methodology for Implementation but also during pre-implementation project phase. After settling the role and responsibilities of the supplier's project manager, the solutions how to avoid and/or react on possible difficulties, in charge of supplier's project manager, are being indicated.

本研究在探討專案經理管理專案逐步完善的過程 (Progressive Elaboration)中，面對接踵而來的專案變更 (Change) 以及不確定性 (Uncertainty)，如何能以客戶觀點來看待專案管理的利害得失 ( Advantage / Disadvantage / Gain / Lost )，滿足客戶需求以創造客戶價值。 本研究認為專案管理的重點在於專案變更管理。藉由策略行銷4C架構的思維，將能有效彌補專案經理在企管知識與經驗上落差，將專案管理的重點聚焦在客戶關心的專案管理重點上，透過行銷交換上四個成本問題的解決，來為客戶與專案創造價值。本研究透過以客戶與專案經理的不同觀點來回顧與檢討兩個實務個案，建議在管理專案時以策略行銷4C架構思維作為和客戶溝通的思考架構，聚焦於如何兼顧三重限制下，把專案管理的價值提升到同時滿足專案與商業的成功。換言之，藉由行銷交換四大成本問題的解決來“作對的事”(Do the right thing)以滿足客戶的期望，而讓專案管理方法論聚焦於專案管理團隊如何管理專案，來解決“把事作對”(Do the thing right) 的問題。

Submitted by Marcus Vinicius de Miranda da Silva (adm.miranda@icloud.com) on 2015-01-07T02:54:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_VersaoFinal.pdf: 1717914 bytes, checksum: 437e9b26e1fd6496cb04fc226703a981 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2015-01-08T11:50:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_VersaoFinal.pdf: 1717914 bytes, checksum: 437e9b26e1fd6496cb04fc226703a981 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-01-16T17:22:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_VersaoFinal.pdf: 1717914 bytes, checksum: 437e9b26e1fd6496cb04fc226703a981 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-16T17:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_VersaoFinal.pdf: 1717914 bytes, checksum: 437e9b26e1fd6496cb04fc226703a981 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-27 / Os Escritórios de Gerenciamento de Projetos (EGPs) têm um papel cada vez mais relevante nas organizações, contribuindo para o sucesso dos projetos, no interesse dos objetivos organizacionais. A atuação dos EGPs, entrementes, transcorre repleta de percalços e desafios, que ocorrem desde a sua implantação nas organizações, percorrendo todo o seu ciclo de vida. Nas organizações públicas, alguns projetos apresentam uma complexa rede relacional, que afeta um grande número de stakeholders, em razão de sua exposição ao escrutínio público, tornando bastante difícil a coordenação e gestão de todos esses atores, o que pode afetar o sucesso dos projetos. Dessa forma, este estudo se propõe a responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: quais os principais desafios da implantação e maturação de escritórios de projetos em organizações do governo brasileiro? Para esse fim, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com estudos de casos múltiplos, aplicada a dez representantes de oito organizações do governo brasileiro, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir dos resultados encontrados na pesquisa, foram identificados os códigos Burocracia, Capacitação, Comunicação, Cultura da Organização, Dedicação Parcial aos Projetos, Estrutura da Organização, Ferramentas de Gerenciamento de Projetos, Legislação e Política, que representam os principais desafios enfrentados pelos escritórios de gerenciamento de projetos estudados. O entendimento da dinâmica relacional desses códigos contribuiu para uma melhor compreensão dos EGPs das organizações do setor público brasileiro e seus desafios.