At a time when the higher education as a whole is experiencing an incredible leadership turnover and a narrowing pipeline of prepared or willing leaders to step into these important roles, the industry is also experiencing more scrutiny than ever before, creating a challenging time for the leaders of these institutions. Small private colleges in New England, in particular, have their own unique set of complications, which makes finding the right kind of future leaders particularly important. This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of 14 small private college presidents amidst an incredibly unique set of factors which substantially complicate the roles for leaders of small, private institutions in New England with modest endowments. The study found two primary roles that the presidents must fulfill: a Leadership Paradox of communication strategies and a Leader/Follower responsibility to its Board. Finally, the emotional consequence of fulfilling these two roles is explained in the Treading Water in a Changing Tide theme. This study fills a gap in the literature related to this specific niche of the industry, at a time when leadership succession and the future of small private colleges is an important conversation for the future of higher education.

壹、本研究目的 　　一、了解國民小學校長的職責。 　　二、了解國民小學校長所應具備的能力。 　　三、了解中、韓兩國國民小學教育人員的養成制度及其異同。 　　四、了解中、韓兩國國民小學校長甄選制度之異同。 　　五、探討中、韓兩國國民小學校長甄選制度之優缺點，並提出改進之建議。 　　貳、研究方法及程序 　　本論文的研究方法係以「文獻分析法」和「比較法」為主。在第二章中，筆者依據「文獻分析法」，探討比較教育學理論、甄選理論的學理基礎、校長之職責及其應具備之能力。第三章則根據「文獻分析法」，探討並介紹韓國教師及校監之任用與升遷制度和韓國小學校長之甄選制度。第四章亦依據「文獻分析法」，探討中華民國教師及主任之任用與升遷制度以及中華民國小學校長之甄選制度。第五章則比較和分析中、韓兩國小學的師資來源、新教師任用辦法、教師升遷制度及校長甄選制度。 　　參、研究結果 　　本研究的若干結果如下： 　　一、為達成其學校教有目標與促進有效的學校管理，小學校長應注重「計劃、組識、管理、教學視導及公共關係等」五種基本職責，而且為了圓滿達成其職責，小學校長應具備專業能力和領導統御之技巧。 　　二、中、韓兩國師資之培育均由以專門培養小學教師之機構為辦理之主體。韓國由各教育廳主辦小學初任教師甄選，經初、複選通過者，按初、複選成績合併之高低列冊候用；如按現行之師範教育法，從中華民國之師資培育機構結業者，得依其結業之學校及地區，並按結業成績之高低分發到校。再經實習一年期滿且通過檢定之後，始能取得合格教師資格：如按新訂定之師資培育法，從中華民國之師資培育機構畢業並通過初檢者，須再經實習一年期滿且複檢及格之後，始能取得合格教師資格。 　　三、中、韓兩國的小學主任（中）與校監（韓）甄選、儲訓及派任辦法，則各比照其小學校長甄選制度辦理。 　　四、中、韓兩國小學校長之任用程序都經初、複選及儲訓通過者列冊派任，但其甄選及列冊辦法顯然有差異。 　　五、中、韓兩國小學校長候選者初選評分內容，均包括碩士以上學歷、教學年資、曾擔任行政工作之年資、最近幾年內之考核成績、研究訓練、學分進修、著作、獲獎、特殊事蹟、偏遠及特殊地區服務年資等各項目。因此其小學校長初選評分辦法能鼓勵教育人員自願參與進修、訓練及其他各種教學活動，或擔任教育行政業務及偏遠特殊地區之教育工作。但其所設定之計分比例不夠理想，且也不是很公平。而且所設定之項款中，對各候選者之品德並無法充分評量。 　　六、韓國小學校長候選者之複選，只透過口試去過濾候選者是否適任，且其口試未打分數，因此作用並不大；而在中華民國，經初選及格者，須再參加筆試及口試，最後再依據候選者之資績評分、筆試、口試合併成績高低錄用，其三個項目中，筆試項目對複選結果影響最大。 　　七、在中、韓兩國，經初、複選及格之小學校長候選者均須參與儲訓，成績及格者則列冊候用。韓國之初任小學校長係依據資績評分高低列冊派任；而中華民國則依據候用校長之甄選及儲訓合併成績高低列冊派任。 　　肆、建議 　　一、建立小學校長甄選制度方面 　　　（一）教育當局應依據小學校長之職責及其應具備之基本能力，再就各方面之意見加以綜合研討，而後明確地制定出最適當擔任小學校長者的基本條件。 　　　（二）小學校長甄選標準及歷程應符合如上第一項所述之具體、公開及公平之原則。 　　　（三）小學校長甄選辦法應符合如上第一項之精神，並透過科學方法分析、評估此甄選辦法的各變項因素之後，再根據其結果去設定評分辦法。 　　　（四）小學校長甄選評分辦法應以多元、有效、而客觀地長期評量其服務成績，俾能對各候選者之品德加以充分評量。 　　　（五）在小學人事體制上，應考慮設定教師、主任（校監）及校長等各階段應有之合理的服務年限。 　　　（六）繼續分析、評估影響小學校長甄選之各變項因素。如因社會需求、價值觀或其他因素之需要而必須改進此甄選評量辦法時，則應公開研討以修改之。 　　二、尚待繼續研究之問題 　　今後如想作更深一層之分析探討，則有待學術機構及有關人士對於小學校長甄選制度，進一步採取文件調查法，以及使用問卷調查法深入了解各界人士對小學校長甄選制度之看法，以建立健全而完整的小學校長甄選制度。

<p>Brazilian politics has for a long time been considered an elitist system, dealing with corruption and social inequalities. In 2002 something unimagined happened when the former industrial worker Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, was elected President of the Republic of Brazil. This case study examines Lula’s authority role as President by testing the theories Cinderella Complex and Max Weber’s theory of Pure Leadership. It also tries to explain what motivates Lula’s actions and what affect this has on Brazilian politics. The case study reveals that Lula is not driven by any ideology, but is motivated by own personal interests of eliminating hunger and poverty. To realise these wishes he creates alliances in order to get enough support for these policies. Even though his government is designed as a bureaucratic administration, Lula has not proven to use rational ideas to establish new reforms. Instead he is dependent on raising enough support and trust, through his charismatic image. This is visible in his election campaigns. This leadership style has implemented some valuable programmes like the Fome Zero and Bolsa Familia, but his endless travels and commitments abroad joint with his approach to the corruption scandal in 2005 has created a new image of Lula as a negligent person.</p><p>This case study is using qualitative methods to explain the leader and President of Brazil.</p>

The appointment of interim community college presidents, the topic of this study, is a little understood phenomenon. A growing shortage of community college presidents coupled with a lack of replacements suggests the appointment of interims will continue well into the future. This study, with a purpose of looking at the factors related to the appointment of interim community college presidents, was needed to inform the practice of those considering hiring or being an interim president. Data for the study were collected from online announcements of presidential appointments. Potential relationships between the type of presidential appointment (interim or permanent) and several factors were examined: (a) institutional characteristics (state, geographic region, size, locale), (b) the reason for the transition, (c) personal characteristics of the appointee (gender, origin, prior presidential experience, prior presidential interim experience, prior type of institution, previous position held, and retirement status), and (d) the time of year of the transition. Additional research questions looked at the relationship between the titles interim and acting and the length of the appointment; and compared interim presidents who were subsequently appointed to the permanent presidency to those who were not. Statistically significant associations were found between: the reason for the transition and the type of appointment; the origin of the appointee and the type of appointment; prior interim president experience and the type of appointment; retirement status and the type of appointment; time of year and the type of appointment; and the titles interim or acting and the length of appointment. The study also found interims who were appointed to the subsequent permanent position were unlikely to have previous presidential experience, and it was infrequent for insiders other than the interim to obtain the subsequent permanent position. This study implied college boards of trustees should create succession plans and have hiring policies in place that address issues related to the appointment of interims. Individuals seeking a permanent presidency should be aware that accepting an interim position could be an advantageous career step, but should also carefully assess the specific situation before accepting an interim position. / Graduation date: 2013

Brazilian politics has for a long time been considered an elitist system, dealing with corruption and social inequalities. In 2002 something unimagined happened when the former industrial worker Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, was elected President of the Republic of Brazil. This case study examines Lula’s authority role as President by testing the theories Cinderella Complex and Max Weber’s theory of Pure Leadership. It also tries to explain what motivates Lula’s actions and what affect this has on Brazilian politics. The case study reveals that Lula is not driven by any ideology, but is motivated by own personal interests of eliminating hunger and poverty. To realise these wishes he creates alliances in order to get enough support for these policies. Even though his government is designed as a bureaucratic administration, Lula has not proven to use rational ideas to establish new reforms. Instead he is dependent on raising enough support and trust, through his charismatic image. This is visible in his election campaigns. This leadership style has implemented some valuable programmes like the Fome Zero and Bolsa Familia, but his endless travels and commitments abroad joint with his approach to the corruption scandal in 2005 has created a new image of Lula as a negligent person. This case study is using qualitative methods to explain the leader and President of Brazil.

Over the course of American history, the vice presidency has evolved into a meaningful and influential part of the executive branch, and running mates have become an important part of presidential elections. But scholars, pundits, and political professionals continue to discuss and evaluate vice presidential selection in an outdated framework that now borders on superstition. Now that presidential nominees have sole authority to choose their running mates and the resources to take care in the process, voters demand that they do so. The modern presidential nominee should undertake a serious and methodical research and decision-making process, and should choose a running mate who 1) demonstrates unassailable competence, and 2) bolsters the ticket – not balances it – by extending presidential nominee’s narrative into uncovered territory.

This thesis examines the influence of religion on party realignment in the United States focusing on Catholic voting behavior. A statistical analysis utilizing bivariate analysis and logistical regressions examines if religion and party realignment is an ecumenical trend expanding beyond Evangelicals to Catholics. It measures scientifically the party trends of the Catholic voter. With data pooled from the National Election Studies from 1960 to 2004, it tests the hypothesis that church attending Catholics are realigning over time into the Republican Party both in vote choice and party identification, because of their pro-life position on abortion. The analysis shows that church attending Catholics have dealigned from the Democratic Party over time because of their pro-life position on abortion. The thesis is a model for examining the religion and party realignment question for other traditional Democratic religious denominations such as African-American Evangelicals and Jews.

Taiwan's Uni-President Enterprise Corp. started its business from flour. In order to save costs, Uni-President proceeded with a vertical industrial integration at the initial stage, opened additional businesses at the middle stage, and diversified until recently. He has been playing a pivotal role as a pioneer for marketing, product development, and even diversification strategies in this industry. With the expansion of overseas investments, Uni-President Enterprise Corp. received significant benefits from economies of scale. South Korea has been a formidable competitor to Taiwan. Our market is not only flooded with various Korean electronic equipment, household appliances and audio-visual entertainment, but also the foods. For example, the koala-shape biscuits and chocopie, which are rather popular, are from Lotte, the food industry leader of South Korea. These two enterprises are both leaders in the food industry, and take integration and diversification as parts of their development process. Diversification of product and business is the main method to facilitate growth. M&A (Merger & Acquisition) is the fastest and safest way to enter a new business field. Taiwan's Uni-President Enterprise Corp. and Korea's Lotte Group are the main cases for this study. Here we analyzed their strategies and motivations to understand the synergy and business performance these groups have as well as their differences.

Regarding presidential responsiveness and leadership, this study addresses two questions: Does the president respond to the public? Does the president lead the public? Unlike prior research, this study tries to answer these questions by focusing on the news media intervening in the relationship between the president and the public. Rather than positing a direct relationship between them, this study points out that information flows between the president and the public through the news media, which affect the president and the public. The public receives daily political information including presidential messages from the news media. Also, presidents recognize public sentiments from news stories. Accordingly, this study examines the potentially multidirectional relationships between the three actors from 1958 to 2004 in the United States. This study estimates the reciprocal relationships between the three actors by using Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Moving Average Response (MAR) simulations. Analyzing the three actors' issue stances, this study reveals that the news media significantly influence the public and the president. However, the direct relationship between the president and the public is negligible. Furthermore, the empirical findings demonstrate that presidential responsiveness is more likely to be observed when the news media report news stories consonant with past public opinion changes.

ABSTRACT The definition of economic voting by Lewis-Beck indicates constituency can cast a ballot for the benefit of the ruling party while they definitely confirm economic performance by past; vice versa. The study also expresses Western democratic countries periodically hold the Election of Central Administration Leading Cadre and the Legislative Election; furthermore, it shows in response to economic voting during constituency go into deciding by ballot at the meantime. Seeing that documents of the research in Taiwan of voting behavior among constituency much focus on national identification, political party and candidate characteristics; the other way round, less focus on economic performance or economic governance ability. It is unworthy truth for Taiwan Economy to be no longer wonderingly splendid manifestation. Therefore, this study longs for by way of observing materials and data in poll centers behind the President Election in 1996, 2000 as well as the Legislative Election in 1998, 2001. Consequently, it searches out whether economic voting manifestation for Taiwan constituency; it awaits to comprehend if the Economy is one of main variable while voting by constituency in Taiwan? Moreover, it attempts to observing constituency to be part of which social background characteristics. On the basis of the above-mentioned analysis, this study comes at something: I. Economic evaluation is indeed an influential factor; due to unique historical culture background, the crucial point in voting still inferiors to identification of political party and unity-independence position. Nevertheless, candidates among latterly national elections propose unexceptionable policy to lure constituency; newspapers and mass media describe prosperity fluctuation by a wide margin. The effect of economic issues is more and more significant in future election. It may observe continually. II. The study detects low-education-level constituency easily possess economic voting behavior than high-education-level constituency, but it is not fit in with foreign relevant economic voting theory - it is worthy of probing into variations between Taiwan and foreign countries. Over and above, owning-occupation constituency easily possesses economic voting behavior than non-owning-occupation constituency. It hopes adding the gender and age factors in future research. Key Words: Economic Evaluation, Voting Behavior, the Legislative Election, the President Election, Multinomial Logit Model