The right to obtain information is now an essential attribute of any democratic state serving as a tool for control of public authority. This right is not illimitable and alludes to a number of limitations. The aim of this paper is to take a closer look on some of these limitations. The paper consists of three chapters while its core is in the third chapter, which is divided into three subchapters. The topic of each subchapter is always different restriction on the right to obtain information. The first chapter deals with the very concept of the right to obtain information and mentions its historical ties to the freedom of speech. Ending of the first chapter is aboutlegal grounds of the right to obtain information in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is about general aspects of restrictions on the right to obtain information. Various constitutional and legal provisions on the possible restrictions on the right to obtain information are mentioned as well as some important decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The third chapter is divided into three subsections. Within each subsection, the paper focuses on the different limitation onthe right to obtain information. The aim of the first subchapter is to introduce the issue of providing information on the salaries of...

O pensamento jurídico tem apresentado dinamismo nas discussões em torno de um novo paradigma de teoria do Direito. O modelo positivista estruturalista consolidado por Hans Kelsen (a norma jurídica que regula o comportamento humano, o dever ser), eminentemente lógico-dedutivo, preconiza um método subsuntivo de aplicação das normas jurídicas, ou seja, dedutivo e discricionário, uma vez que permite ao intérprete buscar a forma como irá aplicar a norma, dentre as várias possibilidades reconhecidas pelo positivismo jurídico, quando as diretrizes normativas que sustentam o ordenamento jurídico (modelo de regras) não são suficientes para atingir a eficácia plena na solução de um caso concreto. As questões das lacunas de abertura e dos déficits de indeterminação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro apresentados pelo modelo constitucionalista, especialmente as questões que envolvam as colisões de direitos fundamentais, favorecem uma interpretação expansiva das disposições normativas. A subsunção e o modelo discricionário, característicos do discurso lógico-dedutivo, ou seja, do pensamento positivista que marcou a base da teoria Kelsiana são contestados a partir da dialética e do discurso prático geral proposto por Alexy. A perspectiva da separação das normas jurídicas em regras (modelo adotado por Hart) e princípios (modelo adotado por Dworkin) traz à tona um modelo jurídico-político que permite a aplicação das normas jurídicas pelo julgador através da utilização de um raciocínio indutivo (princípios), não exclusivamente dedutivo (regras) nas decisões judiciais. O pensamento de Dworkin serve de referência à teoria da fundamentação jurídica de Alexy. Nessa perspectiva, Alexy defende, através do seu discurso jurídico prático, a introdução de princípios para justificar os déficits de racionalidade e discricionariedade sob uma pretensão de correção do discurso jurídico, superando a relação estreita entre o Direito e a Moral e propondo um amplo redimensionamento na estrutura da ordem jurídica positivista. Esse modelo de raciocínio jurídico vem sofrendo uma série de críticas e debates na esfera político-jurídico e ideológico, uma vez que seu discurso prático também é marcado por lacunas de racionalidade e subjetividade, especialmente nos casos que envolvem as colisões de direitos fundamentais. Partindo da compreensão inicial de que os direitos fundamentais são passíveis de colisão e de ponderação, configurando-se posições jurídicas definitivas e prima facie, conforme o pensamento de Alexy, a questão da resolução dessas colisões exige, por parte do intérprete, o estabelecimento de critérios e parâmetros que sejam suficientemente sólidos e racionais e que possam conduzir para uma solução adequada, motivada ou intersubjetivamente controlável, sem levar ao risco de subjetivismo e decisionismo judiciais. Insta salientar que a teoria dos princípios proposta por Alexy não consegue garantir toda a complexidade do sistema dos direitos fundamentais, especialmente a possibilidade de assegurar a resolução de colisões entre o direito fundamental ao meio ambiente sadio e ecologicamente equilibrado com outros direitos fundamentais de maneira juridicamente segura. Além dessas formulações filosófico-doutrinárias inspiradas na obra Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais de Alexy, propõe-se, também, analisar o fenômeno da colisão de direitos fundamentais a partir de casos concretos apresentados na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal com o objetivo de verificar a sua atuação nas decisões que envolvam o juízo de ponderação de bens. Nesse sentido, uma vez que a Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais de Alexy não satisfaz plenamente as hipóteses de colisão de direitos fundamentais, propõe-se, com este trabalho, verificar até que ponto o princípio da ponderação de bens permite conferir uma racionalidade à decisão judicial nos casos em que o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado colide com outros direitos fundamentais. / The legal thought has shown dynamism in discussions about a new law theory paradigm. The structuralist consolidated positivist model by Hans Kelsen (the legal standard governing human behavior, should be), eminently logical-deductive, advocates a subsuntivo method of application of legal rules, ie, deductible and discretionary, as it allows the interpreter look how it will apply the rule, among the various possibilities recognized by legal positivism, when the normative guidelines that underpin the legal system (model rules) are not sufficient to achieve full effectiveness in solving a case. The issues of opening gaps and indeterminacy deficits in Brazilian law submitted by the constitutional model, especially the issues involving fundamental rights of collisions, favor an expansive interpretation of the regulatory provisions. The subsumption and the discretionary model, characteristic of logical-deductive discourse, that is, of positivist thinking that marked the foundation of Kelsiana theory are contested from the dialectic and practical general discourse proposed by Alexy. The prospect of the separation of legal provisions in rules (model adopted by Hart) and principles (model adopted by Dworkin) brings up a legal-political model that allows the application of legal rules by the judge through the use of an inductive reasoning (principles) not exclusively deductive (rules) in judicial decisions. The thought of Dworkin is a reference to the theory of legal reasoning of Alexy. From this perspective, Alexy argues, through its practical legal discourse, the introduction of principles to justify the rationality deficits and discretion in a correction claim of legal discourse, exceeding the close relationship between the Right and the Moral and proposing a broad resizing in structure of positivist law. This legal reasoning model has suffered a lot of criticism and debate in the political-legal and ideological sphere, since its practical discourse is also marked by gaps of rationality and subjectivity, especially in cases involving fundamental rights of collisions. From the initial understanding that fundamental rights are subject to collision and weighting, setting up final and prima facie legal positions, as the thought of Alexy, the issue of resolution of such collisions requires, on the part of the interpreter, the establishment of criteria and parameters that are sufficiently solid and rational and that could lead to an appropriate solution, motivated or intersubjectively controllable, without the risk of subjectivism and judicial decisionism. Calls point out that the theory of principles proposed by Alexy can not guarantee all the complexity of fundamental rights system, especially the ability to ensure the resolution of collisions between the fundamental right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment with other fundamental rights of legally safe way. In addition to these philosophical and doctrinal formulations inspired by the work Theory of Fundamental Rights of Alexy, it is proposed also to analyze the phenomenon of the fundamental rights of an impact from concrete cases presented in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in order to verify its performance in decisions involving the judgment of weighting assets. In this sense, as the Theory of Fundamental Rights of Alexy does not fully satisfy the assumptions of fundamental rights of collision, it is proposed, with this work, check to what extent the principle of weighting assets allows confer rationality judicial decision in where the right to an ecologically balanced environment collides with other fundamental rights.

Conformément à l’article 46 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme, les États contractants s’engagent à se conformer aux arrêts définitifs de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. Il ressort toutefois de la jurisprudence de la Cour que ses décisions sont « déclaratoires pour l’essentiel » et que, par cela, une liberté de choix des moyens à utiliser pour s’acquitter de l’obligation d’exécuter la décision, est laissée à l’État défendeur. En tout état de cause, le sens de l’exécution des arrêts de la Cour demeurerait paradoxal s’il fallait s’arrêter à accepter à la fois que l’État doive exécuter la décision européenne tout en ayant le choix libre de la manière d’y parvenir. Un tel raccourci aurait en effet pour conséquence que les décisions de la Cour soient imparfaitement ou seulement partiellement exécutées dans la mesure où, d’une part, le but consistant à l’exécution de la décision est vaguement précisé et où, d’autre part, la liberté de choix est, quant à elle, expresse. La doctrine de la marge d’appréciation de l’État apporte ainsi une flexibilité nécessaire dans la délimitation des rôles de la Cour et ceux de l’État défendeur pour une meilleure exécution des décisions européennes. A cet effet, le double effet de la décision européenne n’a de sens que s’il est admis que l’État dispose, certes, d’une marge d’appréciation dans l’exécution de la décision de la Cour, mais que les limites de cette marge sont posées par la Cour elle-même, dans sa décision. Il faut dès lors systématiquement partir de la décision de la Cour qui doit préciser ce en quoi consiste l’exécution de celle-ci, et donc ce en quoi consiste la réparation de la violation de la Convention, afin de déterminer si la marge d’appréciation de l’État, au stade de l’exécution de la décision, est plutôt large ou plutôt étroite. La liberté du choix de l’État défendeur en matière des mesures à prendre pour exécuter la décision selon les attentes de la Cour, se rapportera ainsi à une gamme de choix prédéfinie dans le cadre de la décision, et ce, dépendamment de la nature de la violation de la Convention ou encore de la gravité des conséquences de telle violation. En somme, plus la gamme de choix de mesures étatiques est précise, plus il y a de chances que la décision soit mieux exécutée. L’essentiel du travail consiste donc à essayer d’identifier les critères de détermination de l’étendue de la marge d’appréciation de l’État dans l’exécution de la décision de la Cour. Cependant, un tel exercice ne peut être mené à bien sans tout d’abord définir la notion même de « marge d’appréciation » qui, même si elle a déjà été employée par la Cour et par une partie de la doctrine, n’a pas reçu une définition convaincante, ou encore, a souvent été indistinctement associée à la notion de « marge de manœuvre », au « principe de subsidiarité », ou même à la souveraineté, alors qu’elle ne saurait s’y confondre. / In accordance with Article 46 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the Contracting Parties undertake to abide by the final judgment of the European Court of Human Rights. It is however apparent from the Court’s case-law that its decisions are “essentially declaratory” and, by that, a freedom to choose the means to be used to fulfill the obligation to execute the decision is given to the respondent State. In any event, the sense of the execution of the Court’s decisions would remain paradoxical if we were to stop at accepting at the same time that a State must execute the European decision while having the free choice in the manner to achieve so. Such a shortcut would lead to a poor execution of the decisions of the Court in so far as, on one hand, the purpose of the enforcement of the decision is vaguely specified and, on the other hand, freedom of choice is expressly precise. The doctrine of the State's margin of appreciation thus gives the flexibility needed in delimiting the roles of the Court and those of the respondent State for the purpose of a better implementation of European decisions. To that end, the dual effect of the European decision only makes sense if it is accepted that the State indeed enjoys a margin of appreciation in the execution of the Court’s decision but that the limits of such margin are laid by the Court itself, in its decision. It is therefore necessary to systematically start from the decision of the Court which must specify what the expected execution is, and therefore what the compensation for the violation of the Convention should be, in order to determine whether the margin of appreciation of a State, at the stage of implementation of the decision, is rather broad or rather narrow. The freedom of choice of the respondent State as to the measures to be taken to implement the decision according to the expectations of the Court will thus relate to a range of choices predefined in the decision, depending on the nature of the violation of the Convention or the gravity of the consequences of such violation. In short, the more precise the ranges of choices of measures are, the more likely it is that the decision will be better executed. The essence of the work is therefore to try to identify the criteria for determining the extent of the State’s margin of appreciation in the execution of the Court’s decision. However, such an exercise cannot be carried out without first defining the very notion of “margin of appreciation” which, even if it has already been used by the Court and by a part of the doctrine, has not received a convincing definition, or has often been indistinctly associated with the notion of “margin of manoeuver”, the “principle of subsidiarity”, or even sovereignty, while it cannot be confused with them.

Att genomföra tvingande marköverföring är något som inte tillämpas oftare än marköverföringar som har en överenskommelse mellan parterna. Trots det händer det att parterna inte kommer överens och att förrättningslantmätaren blir tvungen att genomföra handläggningen på ett sätt som resulterar i en tvingande marköverföring. Det är en komplicerad process som involverar speciella paragrafer för endast detta ändamål. Utöver det tillämpande kapitel ska förrättningslantmätaren även ta hänsyn till egendomsskyddet vilket härstammar i en av Sveriges grundlagar. Egendomsskyddet är ett villkor som trots sitt tidiga ursprung börjar bli mer aktuellt efter rättsfallet NJA 2018 s. 753. Målet med forskningen som författarna genomfört är att bidra till ett åskådliggörande av tydligare riktlinjer för hur förrättningslantmätare kan gå till väga i sin handläggning av tvingande marköverföring. Utifrån forskningens frågeställning presenteras förslag för hur och när proportionalitetsprincipen kan prövas. För att besvara forskningens frågeställning tillämpar författarna olika kvalitativa forskningsmetoder och jämför sedan dessa med varandra i framställandet av resultatet. En rättsdogmatisk metod har tillämpats genom en analys av hur paragrafer används i praktiken. Utöver detta har intervjuer tillsammans med förrättningslantmätare och jurister utförts. Författarna har intervjuat två yrkesgrupper för att diskutera ämnet utifrån olika yrkesgruppers synvinklar. Genomförandet grundas på ett semistrukturerat förhållningssätt och skedde via Skype och telefonkommunikation. Respondenternas svar och den rättsdogmatiska analysen visar på att förrättningslantmätare och domstolar är inne på samma spår för vilka villkor som ska prövas i tillämpandet av tvingande marköverföring. Resultatet visar dock på en otydlighet gällande när egendomsskyddet ska prövas och viktiga definitioner för prövningen i strikt mening. Slutsatserna av forskningen visar att NJA 1996 s. 110 fastslog att egendomsskyddet var uppfyllt genom prövning av 5 kap. Fastighetsbildningslagen (SFS 1970:988). För att fastställa en officiell prövningsordning i tvingande marköverföring behövs fler domslut och riktlinjer. Vad som är möjligt att göra inom ett relativt kort tidsspann är att utveckla befintlig handbok och fastställa definitionen för vad ett angeläget intresse innebär i fastighetsbildningskontext. / Conducting compulsory land transfer is something that is not applied more often than land transfers that have an agreement between the parties. Despite this, it does happen that the parties do not agree, and that the surveyor will have to carry out the handling in a way that results in a compulsory land transfer. It is a complicated process that involves special paragraphs for this purpose only. In addition to the applicable chapter, the surveyor must also consider the protection of property, which originates in Sweden's constitution. Property protection is a condition that, despite its early origins, is becoming more relevant after the NJA 2018 p. 753. The aim of the research conducted by the authors is to contribute to the elucidation of clearer guidelines for how surveyors can proceed in their handling of compulsory land transfer. Based on the research question, proposals are presented for how and when the principle of proportionality can be tested. To answer the research question, the authors apply different qualitative research methods and then compare these with each other in the preparation of the result. A legal dogmatic method has been applied through an analysis of how paragraphs are used in practice. In addition, interviews with surveyors and lawyers have been conducted. Why two different occupational groups were interviewed is to discuss the subject from the perspective of different occupational groups. The implementation is based on a semi-structured approach and took place through Skype and telephone communication. The respondents' responses and the legal dogmatic analysis show that surveyors and courts are on the same track for the conditions to be tested in the application of compulsory land transfer. However, the result shows an ambiguity regarding when the property protection is to be tested and important definitions for the test in the strict sense. The conclusions of the research show that NJA 1996 p.110 stated that the protection of property was fulfilled by examining Chapter 5. The Property Formation Act (SFS 1970:988). More judgments and guidelines are needed to establish an official review system in mandatory land transfer. What can be done within a relatively short span of time is to develop an existing handbook and to define the definition of what an important interest means in a real estate development context.

Application of the Lisbon Treaty provisions on involvement of national parliaments in the EU decision-making process 10 years later Abstract Adoption of the Lisbon Treaty has brought about several essential institutional changes in the functioning of the European Union. For example, a further shift towards co-decision by the European Parliament on secondary law that became ordinary legislative procedure. Also, qualified majority voting in the Council has been extended and subjected to the new conditions. Last but not least, the EU competences have been divided as exclusive, shared and supporting. These and related further steps simultaneously gave rise to a more intense involvement of national parliaments, both in the sense of a scrutiny over a due exercise of conferred powers as well as a democratic safeguard of the new processes. The main goal of this thesis is to present a comprehensive picture of existing legal framework in this field, including a brief summary on crucial historical factors that have been shaping it until its current form. Hand in hand with that, it also offers evaluation of the most frequently used mechanisms throughout the 10 years of its application. Consequently, it leads to a reflection on how, and if at all, effectively exploit the potential of national parliaments in this regard,...

Introduction: Achondroplasia is the most common bone dysplasia. It is caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene, which is involved in regulation of proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes on the growth plates. Activating mutation results in impaired endochondral ossification and a wide range of symptoms: severe growth disorder with limb shortening, macrocephaly with risk of hydrocephalus, mid-facial dysplasia, sleep apnea, narrowing of the spinal canal, increased risk of respiratory complications, and airway inflammation. The current rapid technological development has led to a better understanding of the processes of epiphyseal growth cartilage, thus enabling the development of new drugs for the treatment of this disorder (modified CNP, soluble FGFR3, meclozine). Nevertheless, current treatment is primarily symptomatic. It is very important to have a growth patterns of patients with achondroplasia who have not been affected by any growth promoting treatment (prolongation surgery, growth hormone). Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth of Czech patients with achondroplasia, to compare our data with the world-wide used data by Horton et al. (1978) and the current data by del Pino et al. (2018). The next aim was to verify the accuracy of the multiplier method of final height...

For both randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies, the Cox regression model is a powerful tool for evaluating the effect of a treatment or an explanatory variable on time-to-event outcome. This method assumes proportional hazards over time. Systematic approaches to efficiently evaluate non-proportionality and to model data in the presence of non-proportionality are investigated. Six graphical methods are assessed to verify the proportional hazards assumption based on characteristics of the survival function, cumulative hazard, or the feature of residuals. Their performances are empirically evaluated with simulations by checking their ability to be consistent and sensitive in detecting proportionality or non-proportionality. Two-sample data are generated in three scenarios of proportional hazards and five types of alternatives (that is, non-proportionality). The usefulness of these graphical assessment methods depends on the event rate and type of non-proportionality. Three numerical (statistical testing) methods are compared via simulation studies to investigate the proportional hazards assumption. In evaluating data for proportionality versus non-proportionality, the goal is to test a non-zero slope in a regression of the variable or its residuals on a specific function of time, or a Kolmogorov-type supremum test. Our simulation results show that statistical test performance is affected by the number of events, event rate, and degree of divergence of non-proportionality for a given hazards scenario. Determining which test will be used in practice depends on the specific situation under investigation. Both graphical and numerical approaches have benefits and costs, but they are complementary to each other. Several approaches to model and summarize non-proportionality data are presented, including non-parametric measurements and testing, semi-parametric models, and a parametric approach. Some illustrative examples using simulated data and real data are also presented. In summary, we present a systemic approach using both graphical and numerical methods to identify non-proportionality, and to provide numerous modeling strategies when proportionality is violated in time-to-event data.

The Swedish penalty system has created a fierce and lively debate during the past years. Thisdebate originates mostly from the youth discount that offenders between the age of 18 and 20can make use of. There is a clear division between the argumentative sides when it comes tothis particular debate. One side argues for the removal of this criminal discount for youngadults, whilst the other side are against it.The purpose of this study is to examine the different underlying perspectives that theserespective sides have. The method of evaluation I will be using in this study is a descriptiveideaanalysis of constructive ideal types. The theoretical framework that these ideal typesstems from are proportionality, justice, general prevention and individual prevention. Thestudy has displayed that the debate regarding this criminal discount for young adults has hadelements of all four of these attributes. There exists fundamental differences in the underlyingideas when it comes to both sides in this specific discount towards young adults. Theopposition side has clear general prevention ideas behind their arguments, whereas the sidethat are in favor of the discount inherently believes in the ideas that regard proportionality,justice and individual prevention.

Lagstiftningen i Sverige ger kommunerna möjligheten att ta ut gatukostnader vid anläggandet och upprustandet av allmänna platser och gator som de har huvudmannaskap över. Uttaget av gatukostnadsersättningen faller på de berörda fastigheterna inom ett bestämt område. Denna lagreglering finns att finna i 6 kap. 24–38 §§ plan och bygglagen (SFS 2010:900) men har funnits i olika former sedan 1800-talet. Det är i dagsläget 40 av 290 kommuner som använder sig av denna möjlighet. Processen är lång och administrativt betungande och det uppkommer ofta konflikter kring summorna som privata fastighetsägare behöver bekosta. Avsikten med detta arbete är att öka förståelsen för hur de intervjuade kommunerna, det vill säga, Nacka, Tyresö samt Huddinge kommun arbetar med gatukostnadsuttag, särskilt i fall där fastighetsägare får byggrätter de inte vill realisera. Att försöka få en större förståelse för kommunernas och Villaägarnas riksförbunds ståndpunkt, vilka representerar cirka 270 000 villahushåll i gatukostnadsfrågan var den andra avsikten. Att förstå ifall det administrativt betungande arbetet bakom gatukostnadsuttag kan vara en anledning till att fler kommuner inte tillämpar gatukostnader är också en undersökt fråga. Metoden i denna studie har varit kvalitativt i form av både litteraturstudier samt intervjuer. Litteraturstudien har fokuserat på rättskällor, studerat förarbeten, propositioner och rättspraxis. Intervjuerna har gjorts med de tre nämnda kommunerna samt en respondent från Villaägarnas riksförbund. Litteraturstudien i samband med intervjuerna visade att de intervjuade kommunerna ger fastighetsägare olika möjligheter att hantera betalningen, när det gäller att de har tilldelats nya byggrätter de inte vill realisera. Detta är allt från anståndsansökan, till gatukostnadslån och möjlighet att avvakta betalningen fram tills dess att fastighetsreglering utförs, med ett visst tidsvillkor. De intervjuade kommunerna anser att uttaget av gatukostnadsuttag är rättfärdigat då det tillför en värdeökning på dem berörda fastigheterna, medan motparterna anser att detta är oskäligt och bör falla på kommunalskatten. Arbetet med gatukostnadsuttag anser de berörda kommunerna inte som betungande. Utan det är i stället det arbete som kommer efter fakturering och i samband med olika bestridanden av kommunens beslut som är administrativt betungande. En mer omfattande studie med fler intervjuer och en mer ingående litteraturstudie är nödvändig för att dra slutsatser för hela länet. / The legislation in Sweden gives municipalities a possibility to take out payment for street costs at the establishment and upgrading of public places and streets that they are principals of. This street cost collection falls on the owners of the concerned properties within the planned area. This regulation can be found in 6 kap. 24-38§§ plan- och bygglagen (SFS 2012:900) but has existed in different forms since the 1800’s. Today 40 of 290 municipalities use this possibility. The process is long and administratively burdensome and there are often conflicts regarding the sums that the private property owners must pay for. The intention with this work is to increase the understanding for how the interviewed municipalities, Nacka, Tyresö and Huddinge, work with street costs, especially in the cases that the private owners receive construction rights that they do not want to realize. Another intention behind this work is to try and gain a greater understanding of the position of the municipality and Villaägarnas riksförbund, which represent approximately 270,000 villa households on the issue of street costs. Understanding whether the administratively burdensome work behind street cost collection could be a reason why more municipalities don’t apply street costs is also an investigated issue. The method for this study has been qualitative in the form of both literature studies and interviews. The literature study has focused on legal sources, preparatory work, propositions, and legal practice. The interviews have been by the three mentioned municipalities as well as one respondent from Villaägarnas riksförbund. The literature study along with the interviews showed that the interviewed municipalities in some way give property owners different opportunities to manage the payment, in the cases that they have been assigned new building rights they do not want to realize. This varies from deferral applications to street cost loans and the possibility to wait with payment until real estate regulation is performed. The interviewed municipalities believe that the collection of street cost collection is justified as it adds an increase in value to the properties concerned, while the opposing party believes that this is unreasonable and should fall on the municipal tax. The municipalities concerned do not consider the work with street cost collection as strenuous. It is the work after invoicing and along with it the various contestations of the municipality’s decisions. A more extensive study with more interviews and a more thorough literature study is necessary to draw conclusions for the entire county.

There are many different controlling factors on the partitioning of rainfall into runoff. However, the influence of each of these controls varies across different temporal scales. Consequently, numerous water balance models have been developed in the literature for application across various time scales. These models are usually developed for a particular time scale so that the controls with the greatest influence on rainfall partitioning are captured. For example, the SCS curve number method was developed to simulate direct runoff at the event scale; the "abcd" model was developed as a monthly water balance model; and the Budyko model was developed for long-term water balance. More recently, the proportionality hypothesis, which traces its origins from the SCS curve number method, has been identified as the commonality between these three hydrologic models, suggesting that this hypothesis may be the unifying principle of hydrologic models across various time scales. The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual hydrologic model structure for continuous simulations for multiple time scales. The developed model is applicable to daily, monthly, and annual time scales. Direct runoff is computed by a proportionality relationship in the SCS curve number method. In the "abcd" model, evapotranspiration and storage at the end of each time period are computed by a proportionality relationship, however evapotranspiration is computed based on an exponential relationship of storage and potential evapotranspiration while base flow is computed based on a linear reservoir model. In the Budyko model, runoff and evapotranspiration are computed by a proportionality relationship. The primary difference with the proposed model in this thesis in comparison with the other three water balance models is the application of the proportionality hypothesis to the partitioning of surface runoff and continuing abstraction as well as the partitioning of continuing evapotranspiration and subsurface flow. The proposed model structure is implemented in Matlab. The developed model includes six parameters, which are estimated for 71 case study catchments in the United States using a genetic algorithm. The model performances at the daily, monthly and annual time scales are evaluated during calibration and validation periods, and compared with the "abcd" model and a Budyko-type model developed for multiple time scales. Evaluation of the models shows that the proposed model performs better or comparable to the other models at all time scales.