This article attempts to make a reflection about the right to education in Peru, in order to draw some mechanisms to secure, protect and promote this right from the state and civil society. In this way, the analysis begins from an historic perspective, to demonstrate that human rights are social constructions. Then, Peruvian legislation referred to the right to education is reviewed, showing how the conceptualization of this right is transformed with the neoliberal context. Afterwards, the analysis is concluded by identifying the strifes that have been developed with the aim of guarantying the right to education in Peru. / A través del presente texto se busca reflexionar acerca del derecho a la educación en el Perú, con el objetivo de delinear algunos mecanismos para que este derecho pueda ser asegurado, protegido y promovido desde el Estado y la sociedad civil. Para ello, el análisis presentado se inicia desde una perspectiva histórica, en donde se identifica que los derechos humanos son construcciones sociales. Asimismo, se revisa el marco legal peruano que ampara el derecho a la educación y las transformaciones que van surgiendo en su conceptualización desde el contexto neoliberal. Finalmente, se concluye el análisis y las reflexiones buscando identificar las luchas que se han dado para garantizar el derecho a la educación en el Perú.

abstract: Cross-sector interactions are regularly seen in healthcare, education, defense, public safety, and other social service contexts where the public interest and the private individual intersect. While interest in cross-sector relationships is neither new nor novel, the organizational dynamics and contexts continue to change and challenge our understanding of what is meant by partnership, alliance, collaboration, or cooperation between independent organizations from different sectors. One type of cooperative arrangement between nonprofits and government are affiliated foundations, which are part of the landscape of emerging organizational hybrids and expanding government-nonprofit relationships. Affiliated foundations are nonprofits designed to support a specific entity by generating charitable resources. This dissertation looks at one specific context for affiliated foundation/ "parent" relationships through a multi-case study of local educations in Florida. Specifically, this research examines how local education foundations carry out a partnering relationship with the school district. Through a combination of three instrumental case studies of local education foundations, and fifteen other purposely selected foundations, this dissertation presents the results of a cross-case analysis of the partnership between local education foundations and school districts. Partnership is conceptualized across four dimensions: 1) attention, 2) successive engagement, 3) resource infusion, and 4) positional identity. This research reveals that through the four dimensions of partnership, we can account for the variation across embedded, interdependent, or independent local education foundations in relation to the school district, or their "parent" organization. As a result, local education foundations reflect different relationships with school districts, which ultimately impacts their ability to carry out their work as charitable organizations, derived from the community in which they operate, and designed to generate resources and support for public education. By looking at this specific context, we can consider the complexities of an affiliated relationship between two structurally separate but linked organizations assumed to act as partners, but working to achieve a partnership. Where cooperation, collaboration, and innovation are intended outcomes of affiliated foundation/government relationships, this research considers the role of affiliated foundations among more traditional cross-sector relationships where services and contracts tend to dominate. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Public Administration 2014

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta tese tem por objetivo geral investigar as contribuiÃÃes da DidÃtica como campo teÃrico-prÃtico com base nas percepÃÃes dos pedagogos em formaÃÃo e em atuaÃÃo, partindo-se da premissa de que ela representa uma importante disciplina para a formaÃÃo de professores, mas que, para que ela faÃa jus a essa funÃÃo, deve-se olhar para o chÃo da escola, relacionando teoria e prÃtica. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa fundamentada nos pressupostos da epistemologia da prÃtica (TARDIF, 2007), tendo a prÃxis como categoria central. A procura bibliogrÃfica que fundamentou conceitualmente esta investigaÃÃo està situada nos estudos de importantes teÃricos, referÃncias no estudo da Pedagogia e da DidÃtica, como Candau (2001, 2004, 2007), Franco e Pimenta (2012), LibÃneo (1992, 1993, 2003, 2011, 2012a, 2012b), Pimenta (2008, 2011), Veiga (1992, 2006, 2007, 2012), entre outros. Os resultados coletados com 24 pedagogos em formaÃÃo, atravÃs da interpretaÃÃo de respostas fornecidas a um questionÃrio, mostram que esses sujeitos revelaram curiosidade em entender o que realmente à DidÃtica e, incentivados a defini-la, expuseram uma concepÃÃo bastante relacionada à aprendizagem de mÃtodos e tÃcnicas de ensino, a partir de uma compreensÃo de ensino como transmissÃo de conteÃdos, considerando que a DidÃtica garantiria a eficÃcia dessa transmissÃo. Quanto aos professores em atuaÃÃo, foram entrevistados 9 profissionais atuantes em escolas pÃblicas do MunicÃpio de Fortaleza. A anÃlise dos depoimentos revelou que, apesar de todos esses sujeitos assegurarem que a DidÃtica à uma disciplina de grande importÃncia para a formaÃÃo docente, menos da metade lembrou-se do professor com quem a cursou. Destarte, foi possÃvel observar que a concepÃÃo da disciplina està relacionada à compreensÃo de que ela pode colaborar com o trabalho docente â mesmo isso nÃo tendo ocorrido com todos os profissionais investigados â, assim como a noÃÃo de que esse componente curricular, sozinho, nÃo dà conta de todos os entraves enfrentados durante o ensino. AlÃm disso, a maior parte dos educadores a identificou como uma disciplina fundamentalmente teÃrica, advogando que, para contribuir efetivamente para a formaÃÃo docente, ela precisa se aproximar mais da realidade vivenciada nas escolas, relacionando teoria e prÃtica. Constatou-se que nem mesmo os temas considerados clÃssicos foram estudados por todos os profissionais formados e que, entre os temas ânovosâ, a tecnologia nÃo foi debatida durante a disciplina. A interdisciplinaridade foi dita como tratada de maneira superficial, apenas vinculada aos ParÃmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Ao sugerirem temÃticas a serem abordadas na disciplina, os docentes defenderam que se aprofunde a discussÃo sobre a relaÃÃo professor-aluno, professor-famÃlia e professor-gestÃo, assim como a discussÃo acerca da utilizaÃÃo das tecnologias no ensino. Assim, ao conhecer as percepÃÃes dos pedagogos em formaÃÃo e em atuaÃÃo sobre a DidÃtica e suas contribuiÃÃes para o ensino, foi possÃvel observar muitas possibilidades, mas tambÃm desacertos desse componente curricular na formaÃÃo dos professores; finaliza-se com algumas recomendaÃÃes, a saber: 1) Maior relaÃÃo entre teoria e prÃtica; 2) Maior proximidade da universidade com a escola e com os professores em atuaÃÃo; 3) AnÃlise dos temas clÃssicos; e 4) Abordagem das temÃticas emergentes. Todas as indicaÃÃes que emergem deste estudo sÃo expostas com a intenÃÃo de aprimoramento e fortalecimento desse campo teÃrico-prÃtico. / This thesis has the objective to investigate the contributions of Didactics as a theoretical and practical field, based on the perceptions of teachers in training and at work, starting from the premise that it is an important discipline for teacher training, but that in order to do justice to its role, one should look at the school-ground, linking theory and practice. With this in mind, we carried out a qualitative study based on the epistemology of practice (Tardif, 2007), with praxis was the central category. The literature that conceptually grounded this research lies in the study of theoretical references in the study of pedagogy and Didactics, such as Candau (2001, 2004, 2007), Franco and Pimenta (2012), LibÃneo (1992, 1993, 2003 2011, 2012a, 2012b), Pimenta (2008, 2011), Veiga (1992, 2006, 2007, 2012), among others. The results collected from 24 teachers in training, through the interpretation of their responses to a questionnaire, show that these subjects are curious to understand what Didactics really is. When encouraged to define it, they exposed a concept closely related to the learning of methods and teaching techniques, based on understanding of teaching as transmission of content, of which effectiveness would be ensured by Didactics. As for the teachers at work, we interviewed nine professionals working in public schools in the city of Fortaleza. The analysis provided testimony revealed that, despite all these subjects ensure that Didactics is a discipline of great importance to teacher training, less than half remembered the teacher with whom he/she had studied. Thus, it was observed that the design of the course is related to the realization that it can collaborate with the teaching - even if this has not happened to all investigated professionals - as well as the notion that this curriculum component alone does not account for all the obstacles faced during teaching. In addition, most of the educators identified Didactics as a fundamentally theoretical discipline, advocating that, to effectively contribute to teacher training, it needs to get closer to the reality experienced in schools, linking theory and practice. It was found that even the topics considered classics had not been studied by all professionals and that among the"new" topics, technology had not been discussed during the discipline. Interdisciplinarity was said to have been addressed very superficially, only linked to the National Curriculum Parameters. When suggesting themes to be covered in the course, the teachers argued that there should be more discussion about teacher-student, family-teacher and teacher-management relationship as well as the discussion about the use of technology in Education. Thus, when getting to know the perceptions of teachers in training and in action on Didactics and its contributions to Education, many possibilities and many mistakes of this curricular component are shown. We conclude with some recommendations, namely: 1) Greater link between theory and practice; 2) Greater proximity of the university with the school and with teachers at work; 3) Analysis of classical themes; and 4) Addressing current issues. All these indications emerging from this study are exposed with the intention of improving and strengthening this theoretical-practical field.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T14:11:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrosathlerlealdasilva.pdf: 1894916 bytes, checksum: 662225aadcb192b4fb1ddc4788ac94f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T01:53:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrosathlerlealdasilva.pdf: 1894916 bytes, checksum: 662225aadcb192b4fb1ddc4788ac94f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T01:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrosathlerlealdasilva.pdf: 1894916 bytes, checksum: 662225aadcb192b4fb1ddc4788ac94f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-07 / Neste trabalho pretendemos, a partir das lacunas e conflitos presentes no diálogo entre as políticas públicas federais e estaduais, investigar os processos de gestão democrática e participativa no âmbito da Rede Pública Estadual de Ensino Fluminense. Buscamos assim identificar, a partir da análise do contexto escolar, os momentos de descontinuidade e conflitos gerenciais que incidem diretamente nos espaços cotidianos e, desta maneira, terminam por circunscrever a gestão da escola à ação personalíssima de seu gestor em detrimento dos princípios democráticos. A partir da leitura e interpretação de políticas públicas, marcos regulatórios e atos administrativos perfeitos que definem as diretrizes gerais de gestão escolar e, com aporte da literatura científica afeta à área de estudo, em especial a referente aos conceitos de democracia, princípios de gestão, administração pública e gestão democrática participativa, se desenvolveu por meio da análise bibliográfica, observação participante e aplicação de questionário um estudo junto as equipes de gestão das unidades escolares estaduais das Regiões Baixadas Litorâneas e Centro Sul. Regiões estas unidades administrativas pertencentes a Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro. Análise que revelou os diferentes momentos de descontinuidade das políticas de gestão democrática e participativa e, apontou, para ações fragmentadas no espaço de gestão escolar baseadas essencialmente na ação do diretor geral. Verifica-se que não são, expressamente considerados os procedimentos de responsabilização direta dos demais entes, as formas de controle institucional e os princípios gerais de administração pública. Ficando assim construído um quadro marcado pela subjetividade de cada gestor, sem a existência de ações sistemáticas específicas de organização, controle e orientação por parte do Poder Público para garantir efetivamente a gestão democrática participativa no âmbito da escola pública estadual fluminense. / In this work we intend , from the gaps and conflicts in public policy dialogue between federal and state , to investigate the processes of democratic and participatory management within the State Public Education Network Fluminense . So we seek to identify , from the analysis of the school context , the moments of discontinuity and conflict management that directly affect the everyday spaces and thus , end up circumscribing the school management to the action of his most personal manager at the expense of democratic principles . From the reading and interpretation of policies , regulatory frameworks and administrative acts that define the perfect general guidelines for school management , with input from the scientific literature affects the study area , particularly referring to the concepts of democracy , principles of management, public administration and democratic participative management , developed through the literature review , participant observation and application of a questionnaire study with management teams of school units Downloaded Litorâneas state of the Regions and Central South regions these administrative units belonging to the State Department of education of Rio de Janeiro . Analysis revealed that the different moments of discontinuity of policies democratic and participatory management , and pointed to fragmented actions within school management based primarily on action director general. Checks that are not expressly considered the direct accountability procedures of other entities , forms of institutional control and general principles of public administration . Thereby built a framework marked by subjectivity of each manager , without the existence of systematic actions for the organization , control and guidance by the Government to ensure effective democratic participative management within the public school Fluminense .

A emergência de políticas públicas participativas tem evidenciado a necessidade de promover a educação da população de forma a fornecer os conhecimentos básicos para o exercício da cidadania. Nesse contexto levanta-se a discussão a respeito da educação para minorias, dentre as quais se destaca a população do campo. Essa população rural tem ganhado espaço na pauta de discussão de políticas públicas principalmente devido ao movimento Por uma Educação do Campo que existe desde a década de 1990 e tem se fortalecido. Nesse trabalho objetivouse levantar políticas públicas voltadas para Educação do Campo e comparar a relação entre as variáveis: a) perfil socioeconômico, b) taxa de abandono e c) desempenho escolar das escolas de ensino fundamental regular (4ª e 8ª série) municipais e estaduais do Estado de São Paulo a partir de dados da Prova Brasil (2007 e 2009), Censo Escolar (2009) e IDEB (2007 e 2009) disponibilizados pelo (INEP). A proposta se pauta ainda nas discussões de alguns autores que tem estudado a definição de ambiente rural e urbano e sustentam que as fronteiras entre os dois ambientes não é fixa, e muitos municípios classificados como urbanos pelo IBGE apresentam características predominantemente rurais. Destaca-se nesse debate um novo conceito proposto por Veiga (2003), o de municípios rurais. Esse critério, bem como o critério do IBGE, foram utilizados no presente estudo para a comparação de indicadores das escolas do estado de São Paulo. O estudo foi conduzido em três etapas, a primeira foi qualitativa e baseou-se em dados secundários visando identificar políticas educacionais voltadas para realidade rural, bem como selecionar os municípios que se adequam ao perfil definido como municípios rurais; a segunda corresponde compilação e organização dos bancos de dados; e a terceira etapa, predominante quantitativa, refere-se à análise dos bancos por meio da estatística descritiva e de diferença de médias (ANOVA, Teste T, Teste de Bonferroni). Os resultados encontrados apontam para mudanças que vem ocorrendo nas políticas públicas de educação, que recentemente passaram a considerar as Escolas do Campo como realidade a ser contemplada. Quanto aos indicadores de desempenho (pontuação média das escolas na Prova Brasil e no IDEB), identifica-se que as escolas rurais apresentam menor desempenho quando são classificadas pela tipologia do IBGE. Vale ressaltar, entretanto, que nessa classificação, a quantidade de escolas consideradas como rurais é muito pequena, prejudicando a comparação. Ao considerar a tipologia proposta por Veiga, o resultado se inverte, verifica-se que as escolas de municípios rurais apresentam bom desempenho. Seguindo essa tipologia, a quantidade de escolas consideradas como de municípios rurais é mais equilibrada, possibilitando uma comparação mais justa. No que diz respeito à análise de desempenho de acordo com o perfil dos alunos definido pelo percentual de alunos que moram no campo (a partir do que os próprios alunos declararam nos questionários do censo escolar), verifica-se que desempenho das escolas é reduzido conforme aumenta o percentual de alunos de área rural, demonstrando que, conforme discutido por Arroyo (2011), a mistura de alunos de realidades desiguais reflete nos desempenhos desiguais dentro das escolas. Por último, ao comparar o desempenho com o nível socioeconômico das escolas, verifica-se que a melhora do indicador socioeconômico da escola possui um impacto direto no desempenho dos alunos, sendo que conforme aumenta o indicador socioeconômico da escola, da mesma forma melhora o desempenho escolar. / The emergence of participatory public policies showed the need to promote public education in order to provide the basic knowledge for the exercise of citizenship. In this context is emphasized the discussion of education for minorities, among which stands out the rural population. This rural population has gained better proportions in the agenda of public policies mainly due to the movement \"For a Rural Education\" which has existed since the 1990s and has been strengthened. This study aimed to set up public policies for Rural Education and compare the relationship between the variables: a) socio-economic profile, b) dropout rate and c) academic performance of elementary schools (4th and 8th grade) municipal and state from the State of São Paulo in the Prova Brasil (2007 and 2009), School Census (2009) and IDEB (2007 and 2009) provided by INEP. The proposal is still based in discussions of some authors who have studied the definition of rural and urban environment, and argue that the boundaries between the two environments is not fixed, and many districts classified as urban by the IBGE have predominantly rural characteristics. Outstanding feature of this debate a new concept proposed by Veiga (2003), the rural municipalities. This criterion and IBGE criterion were used in this study to compare indicators of schools in the state of São Paulo. The study was conducted in three stages, the first was qualitative and based in secondary data in order to identify educational policies aimed at rural reality and also how to select municipalities that fit the profile defined as rural municipalities, the second match compilation and organization of databases, and the third stage, predominantly quantitative refers to analysis of the banks by descriptive statistics and mean difference (ANOVA, T test , Bonferroni test). The results point to changes that have occurred in public education policies, which recently began to consider the Rural Schools as a reality to be considered. The performance indicators (average score of schools in Prova Brasil and IDEB) identifies that rural schools have lower performance when they are classified by the IBGE criterion. Its important to consider, however, that in this classification, the number of schools considered rural is very small, damaging comparison. When considering the typology proposed by Veiga, the result is reversed, it appears that the schools of rural municipalities have good performance. Following this typology, the number of schools assessed as rural municipalities is more balanced, allowing a fairer comparison. With regard to the analysis of performance according to the profile of students defined by the percentage of students who live in the countryside (from what the students said in the school census questionnaires), it is found that school performance is reduced as increases the percentage of students from rural areas, showing that, as discussed by Arroyo (2011), the mixture of students from unequal realities reflected in uneven performance within schools. Finally, when comparing performance with the socioeconomic status of schools, it is verified that the improvement of socio-economic indicator of the school has a direct impact on student performance, and as the socioeconomic indicator of school increases, academic performance improves.

Orientador: Matilde Virginia Ricardi Scaramucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:26:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sato_ElianeTiyokoNishimori_M.pdf: 696588 bytes, checksum: 4ac6383410cb114855b0c7e02f9a4ae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Devido à globalização, mudanças nas práticas sociais têm ocorrido e por isso a produção e a compreensão oral vêm ganhando destaque nas comunicações para fins comerciais, turísticos, educacionais e de lazer. Nesse sentido, sem prejuízo para as habilidades escritas, faz-se necessário desenvolver habilidades orais, o que implica mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Neste estudo, volta-se o foco para a compreensão oral, em que se procura analisar qual é a concepção de compreensão oral e de ensino e aprendizagem dessa habilidade que fundamenta as atividades dos Cadernos de Língua Estrangeira Moderna (LEM) - Inglês do Estado de São Paulo, direcionados ao Ensino Fundamental, ciclo II. De natureza qualitativa e de cunho interpretativista, este trabalho se baseia em uma análise documental, por meio da qual se estudam documentos oficiais como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para Língua Estrangeira (PCN-LE, 1998), a nova Proposta Curricular para LEM do Estado de São Paulo (2008) e os Cadernos do Professor de LEM - Inglês do Estado de São Paulo (2008), Ensino Fundamental, ciclo II, no intuito de analisar em que medida os princípios norteadores desses documentos se concretizam nas atividades de compreensão oral propostas por esses cadernos. A análise revelou que há desencontros entre esses princípios e as atividades, visto que a Proposta Curricular orienta que o desenvolvimento do inglês seja fundamentado por uma prática de ensino voltada para o letramento, mas na realidade, uma concepção estruturalista de compreensão oral e de ensino dessa habilidade subjaz essas atividades. Além disso, os dados mostraram que a visão sociointeracional de aprendizagem depreendida dos princípios norteadores dos documentos oficiais não se materializa nas tarefas propostas pelo referido material didático. Isso pode ter consequências mais sérias, uma vez que muitos professores têm uma formação deficitária e seguem rigorosamente o material didático. Dessa forma, os resultados da análise evidenciaram que a compreensão oral é avaliada, mas não ensinada nos Cadernos de LEM, pois as atividades privilegiam a identificação de itens isolados e descontextualizados, em detrimento de desenvolver a compreensão oral como processo ativo de construção de sentido, como ela tem sido considerada em visões contemporâneas (BUCK, 2001; FLOWERDEW; MILLER, 2005) / Abstract: Due to globalization, changes in social practices have taken place and that is the reason why speaking and listening skills have been getting attention in communication with commercial, touristic, educational and entertaining purposes. In this respect, without disregarding written skills, oral skills need to be developed, which means implementing changes in the teaching-learning process. This study in which listening is the focus aims at analyzing the nature of listening and how it is taught and learned through the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Notebooks of São Paulo State in Elementary School. This qualitative and interpretive study makes use of document analysis as a research method. Official documents, such as National Curriculum Parameters (PCN-LE, 1998), the EFL Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State (2008) and the EFL Teacher's Notebooks of São Paulo State for Elementary School (2008) are analyzed in order to understand to which extent the theoretical principles of those official documents are reflected in the listening comprehension tasks in the aforementioned textbooks. The analysis showed that there are mismatches between those theoretical principles and the tasks, because even though the EFL Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State claims that English should be learned through an approach based on literacy, what happens in fact is that a structural view of listening and teaching of this skill underlies the activities. Furthermore, the data showed that the interactional view of learning which is implicit in the theoretical principles of the official documents is not reflected in the EFL Teacher's Notebooks tasks. This might have serious consequences due to the fact that a lot of teachers do not reflect on their professional practice and might just follow the textbook without making any changes. Therefore, the results of this analysis made evident that listening is tested, but not taught in the EFL Teacher's Notebooks, since the tasks privilege the decoding of isolated elements, rather than developing listening as an active process of meaning construction, as this skill has been considered in contemporary views. (BUCK, 2001; FLOWERDEW; MILLER, 2005) / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

In this dissertation, I visit areas of government spending that are core to human development and economic growth, and have equity and efficiency considerations. In the first essay, I examine the relationship between education and air pollution. How pollution affects education is typically studied through the health aspects of pollution exposure, and its subsequent effects on academic performance. This essay proposes a financing channel of pollution’s impact on education outcome. School districts with better air quality are endowed with higher tax base, and can generate more resources. Panel fixed effect analysis for a group of metropolitan school districts in the USA suggests that decrease in air pollution increases property tax revenue per pupil in the district. The second essay investigates the incidence of broad-based energy subsidies, and whether poor households could gain from targeted transfer programs financed by savings from reform. I analyze the tariff differential subsidy program in Pakistan, and find that the subsidy is regressive. I conduct a CGE exercise and find that reducing energy subsidy and redistributing savings to poor households, would improve poor household’s welfare. The third essay studies how public infrastructure capital affects growth in developing countries. The relationship between infrastructure and economic growth is widely studied in developed country context. This study contributes to literature by estimating output elasticities with respect to public infrastructure capital stock for two developing countries – Mauritius and Bangladesh. Estimated output elasticities are mostly positive for both countries, which suggests that public infrastructure stimulates economic growth in developing countries.

Doctor Legum - LLD / Within the context of South Africa‘s diverging religious, cultural and social backgrounds, new questions on the nature of a multicultural society are raised from the perspective of human rights. The universality and indivisibility of human rights are challenged by this diversity and consequently implies that standards, concepts and structures for implementation have to be reconsidered. International and national standards are being (re)interpreted and attention is not only focused on the contents of the norms but on the limitations imposed thereupon. The debate on whether limits should be set in permitting or accommodating cultural or religious pluralism is becoming extremely relevant. The manner in which these questions are responded to is even more prominent in the light of our history of apartheid which has disregarded respect for religious and cultural diversity. In the scope of this research emphasis will be placed on the right to freedom of religion and in particular the limitation of the right to religion in an attempt to balance conflicting rights and accommodates religious diversity. The right to freedom of religion albeit constitutionally entrenched is subject to reasonable and justifiable limitations. However, no clear guidelines have been formulated on the criteria for limiting the right to freedom of religion. The main aim of this research is to find guiding criteria to facilitate the imposition of limitations on the right to freedom of religion. The limitations of the right to freedom of religion are interrelated with the following research questions: Firstly, the definition afforded to the right to freedom of religion in accordance with national and international standards; secondly, the relationship between culture and religion and any interconnection that exists between these rights. This is followed by the influence of the particular value framework or normative commitments f the judiciary on the interpretation of the right to religion, as well as the relationship between the state and religion. The above issues will be researched both on a national and an international level. The aim is to conduct research that will build on an appreciation of the guidelines that should be employed in ensuring the protection of the right to freedom of religion. To this end comparisons will be drawn with other legal systems, which on the one hand acknowledge the protection of the right to freedom of religion and on the other hand have to find ways in which the right can be balanced in the event of conflict. It is envisaged that the research of the criteria imposed on the limitation of the right to religion both on a national and an international level will assist in suggesting criteria that will influence scholarly debate on the topic. In addition that this debate will allow for the formulation of a transformative approach within the South African context that sanctions the celebration of diversity in all its aspects and in particular the right to freedom of religion. / South Africa

The privatization of K-12 education in Canada is not new. The public and private sectors feel like natural elements of the Canadian education system because they have existed side by side since confederation. However, this thesis challenges that tradition and argues that private education undermines collective responsibility for education as a shared, public good by catering to private interests and isolating students from the public realm. Not only does private education reinforce the likelihood of socio-economic stratification, but the concept of a “public good” is increasingly destabilized as social services like education are privatized. Why, then, does the privatization of K-12 education continue to be an insignificant political issue in Canada? This question is particularly pertinent at a time when neoliberalism is in full swing in the United States, and all the time more apparent in Canada. Neoliberalism’s emphasis on the precedence of economic ideals over concerns for social welfare and democratic participation has transformed the way that we understand “value”. Drawing on a broad range of scholars including Charles Taylor, Richard Pildes, Janice Gross Stein, Henry Giroux, Francois-Lyotard and Michel Foucault, this thesis argues that the values involved in the very concept of private education reinforce, and are reinforced by, neoliberal views about the place of the individual within society, and that these values are detrimental to the concern for education as shared, public good. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Adriana Lia Friszman de Laplane / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Junqueira_PaulaSalvePellegrinetti_M.pdf: 1579665 bytes, checksum: 282e665f5511c1cfdf02438ace476ac1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A grande quantidade de alunos que apresenta dificuldades no processo de alfabetização motivou este estudo, que teve como objetivo geral a identificação e compreensão das queixas escolares e os fatores associados a elas na escola pública. Por meio de um estudo qualitativo, buscou-se também identificar e compreender a visão dos docentes e familiares com relação a estas queixas e alunos para assim desenvolver possíveis intervenções e orientações dentro deste contexto. Identifica-se a necessidade da compreensão de que o fracasso escolar, decorrente da dificuldade de aprendizagem, deve ser enxergado em sua multifatoriedade e principalmente dentro de seu contexto de relações. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram oito docentes das turmas de Ensino Fundamental I de uma instituição de ensino pertencente à rede pública, 21 alunos por elas selecionados devido à queixa escolar, de ambos os sexos (15 meninos e seis meninas), na faixa etária de sete a nove anos e 22 responsáveis por esses alunos. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os responsáveis, reuniões informativas com as professoras e observações no contexto de sala de aula, visando conhecer as relações professor e aluno, aluno e escola, aluno e família e família e escola, assim como a identificação dos possíveis fatores associados ao processo de aprendizagem e suas dificuldades. A contribuição teórica da abordagem Sócio-Histórica foi utilizada como base para a compreensão desses fatores. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que uma compreensão multifacetada das dificuldades de aprendizagem, que extrapole os aspectos técnicos do conhecimento específico e incorpore dados da história, identidade e contexto de desenvolvimento podem ser úteis para o planejamento de atividades pedagógicas / Abstract: The large number of students with difficulties in the literacy process motivated this study, the general purpose of which was to identify and understand school complaints and factors associated with them in a public school. Using a qualitative study, the purpose was also to identify and understand the family's and the teachers¿ perceptions of the students and their school complaints to develop possible interventions and guidelines within this context. The study identifies the need to understand that academic failure due to learning difficulties must be seen from a multifactorial perspective and especially in the context of relationships. The subjects of this study were eight teachers from public Elementary School classes as well as a group of 21 students (15 boys and six girls aged seven to nine) selected by these teachers based on school complaints. The study also included 22 legal guardians of these students. Interviews were done with the legal guardians, informational meetings were held with the teachers, and participant observation was done on the context of the classroom, in an effort to become familiar with the different relations within this context (teacher-student, student-school, student-family and family-school) and of identifying possible factors associated with the students¿ learning process and their difficulties. The theoretical contribution of the Socio-Historical approach was used as the basis for understanding these factors. The results of the study suggest that it may be useful to plan educational activities using a multifactorial understanding of learning difficulties, which extrapolates the technical aspects of specific knowledge and incorporates historical data, identity and the context of development / Mestrado / Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação / Mestra em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação