Storage systems used for supercomputers and high performance computing (HPC) centers exhibit load imbalance and resource contention. This is mainly due to two factors: the bursty nature of the I/O of scientific applications; and the complex and distributed I/O path without centralized arbitration and control. For example, the extant Lustre parallel storage system, which forms the backend storage for many HPC centers, comprises numerous components, all connected in custom network topologies, and serve varying demands of large number of users and applications. Consequently, some storage servers can be more loaded than others, creating bottlenecks, and reducing overall application I/O performance. Existing solutions focus on per application load balancing, and thus are not effective due to the lack of a global view of the system. In this thesis, we adopt a data-driven quantitative approach to load balance the I/O servers at extreme scale. To this end, we design a global mapper on Lustre Metadata Server (MDS), which gathers runtime statistics collected from key storage components on the I/O path, and applies Markov chain modeling and a dynamic maximum flow algorithm to decide where data should be placed in a load-balanced fashion. Evaluation using a realistic system simulator shows that our approach yields better load balancing, which in turn can help yield higher end-to-end performance. / Master of Science / Critical jobs such as meteorological prediction are run at exa-scale supercomputing facilities like Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF). It is necessary for these centers to provide an optimally running infrastructure to support these critical workloads. The amount of data that is being produced and processed is increasing rapidly necessitating the need for these High Performance Computing (HPC) centers to design systems to support the increasing volume of data. Lustre is a parallel filesystem that is deployed in HPC centers. Lustre being a hierarchical filesystem comprises of a distributed layer of Object Storage Servers (OSSs) that are responsible for I/O on the Object Storage Targets (OSTs). Lustre employs a traditional capacity-based Round-Robin approach for file placement on the OSTs. This results in the usage of only a small fraction of OSTs. Traditional Round-Robin approach also increases the load on the same set of OSSs which results in a decreased performance. Thus, it is imperative to have a better load balanced file placement algorithm that can evenly distribute the load across all OSSs and the OSTs in order to meet the future demands of data storage and processing. We approach the problem of load imbalance by splicing the whole system into two views: filesystem and applications. We first collect the current usage statistics of the filesystem by means of a distributed monitoring tool. We then predict the applications’ I/O request pattern by employing a Markov Chain Model. Finally, we make use of both these components to design a load balancing algorithm that eventually evens out the load on both the OSSs and OSTs. We evaluate our algorithm on a custom-built simulator that simulates the behavior of the actual filesystem.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL ADORNO GOMES-2.pdf: 6264883 bytes, checksum: cca792dc8793e5981e4202615260916c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / This paper presents a proposal for architecture for interconnection of wireless sensor networks and the Internet using only the application layer, without the need to change the protocol stack of both networks. The architecture is based on the HTTP protocol, proposing the use of web services technology to interconnect the two network standards. From the installation of a wireless sensor network in a closed environment, its interconnection was performed with the Internet based on the proposed architecture using open standard technologies, the protocol for REST web services and cloud computing structure of the company Amazon Web Services. Information was collected to evaluate the functionality, reliability and system efficiency, accordingly to the ABNT standard, ISO / IEC 9126. The results showed the feasibility of implementing this proposal because it was shown that the interconnection is possible between these network standards using the application layer, reliably, efficiently and with the use of low cost resources. This study might encourage proposals to extend the accessibility of sensor networks to mobile devices. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de arquitetura para interconex?o de redes de sensores sem fio e a Internet utilizando somente a camada de aplica??o, sem que haja a necessidade de altera??o da pilha de protocolos de ambas as redes. A arquitetura baseia-se no protocolo HTTP, propondo a utiliza??o da tecnologia de web services para interconectar os dois padr?es de rede. A partir da instala??o de uma rede de sensores sem fio num ambiente fechado, foi realizada a sua interconex?o com a Internet com base na arquitetura proposta, utilizando tecnologias de padr?o aberto, o protocolo para web services REST e uma estrutura de computa??o em nuvem da empresa Amazon Web Services. Foram coletadas informa??es para que se pudesse avaliar a funcionalidade, a confiabilidade e a efici?ncia do sistema, de acordo com a norma da ABNT, NBR ISO/IEC 9126. Os resultados apontaram para a viabilidade de implementa??o dessa proposta, pois, demonstrou-se que ? poss?vel a interconex?o entre esses padr?es de rede utilizando a camada de aplica??o, de forma confi?vel, eficiente e com a utiliza??o de recursos de baixo custo. Este estudo pode embasar propostas para estender a acessibilidade das redes de sensores aos dispositivos m?veis.

Nocturnal rodents were censused every two weeks from January 1975 until September 1976 on two 1.69 ha (4.13 ac) live-trap grids. Grids were located about 48 kilometers (30 miles) south of Tucson AZ in a cresosote bush-cactus-mesquite-grassland ecotone. All nocturnal rodents, except Dipodomys merriami, were removed from one of the grids beginning in May 1975 and continuing biweekly until September 1976. Effects on the population biology of D. merriami were subsequently analyzed. Density, home range, weight changes, production of young, sex ratio and minimum residence (time between first and last capture) of D. merriami were analyzed on each grid. Effects of removal on D. merriami were minimal. Density on the removal grid increased immediately after removal began; however, this effect decreased with time, as numbers of d. merriami decreased on both grids. Total heteromyid density on the control grid also decreased during the experiment. Removal caused no significant effect on home range. A similar, consistently inverse relationship between home range and density occurred on both grids. Mean weight for both reproductively active and inactive males and females was not significantly different following removal. The number of juveniles increased slightly after removal began, but production of young on both grids was similar, and low. The two populations exhibited different sex ratios for four months after removal began, with males being caught more frequently on the removal grid. Minimum residence times were similar on both grids. It appears that the relatively increased availability of reources had only a temporary effect on D. merriami. In the longer perspective, D. merriami seems to have exhibited what is probably an evolved response to increased resources; i.e., long-term changes in population parameters occur slowly, and only when improved conditions persist for relatively long periods of time.

2007年美國亞馬遜正式推出電子書閱讀器Kindle，第一年就提供30萬本電子書目供讀者付費下載閱讀，到了2010年增加到將近100萬本，在銷售量上，暢銷書的電子書版本銷量已經超過紙本精裝書，開啟了E(電子)P(紙本)同步的出版銷售模式。此外還有蘋果公司推出的平板電腦iPad，廣大的使用者族群吸引軟體開發者與內容提供者的注目。 　　臺灣的出版產業界成立台灣數位出版聯盟，行政院通過數位出版產業發展策略與行動計畫，試圖朝著數位出版的方向轉型，其中遠流與城邦兩間大型出版社積極投入數位出版的開發，然而為數眾多的小型出版社卻抱持保留或拒斥數位出版發展的態度，使得臺灣目前形成空有電子書硬體，而電子書目缺乏的現況。 　　本研究的目的在於解釋出版社投入數位出版的原因與發展的模式，面對內容缺乏的現況，多數的出版社尚未投入，率先投入的出版社是如何建立起數位出版的發展模式。 　　以遠流與城邦兩間出版社為主要研究對象，投入數位出版的目標是與電信業者、資訊業者競爭，競爭數位出版產業鏈當中作者與讀者之間的中介位置，然而出版社投入數位出版之後，必須與電信業者、資訊業者有所區隔，差異在於出版社的定位是以「內容」的經營為主，而且收益也是直接來自於內容的銷售，因此必須思考內容在數位時代的銷售機制如何建立，如何突顯內容在數位時代的價值。本研究以新制度學派的組織理論探討組織面臨的環境變遷，組織如何發展應對策略，並進一步影響其他組織的態度，塑造有利的環境。目前數位出版這項議題無論是從市場層面或技術層面都無法合理解釋出版社的動態，對於數位出版的未來眾說紛紜，本研究從觀察台灣出版產業的現況開始，試圖為數位出版找到在地的意義與推動出版社投入開發的原因。 / In 2007, the U.S. Amazon officially launched the e-book reader, Kindle. In the first year, Amazon provided 300,000 volumes of electronic books for readers to pay for download. Until 2010, Amazon had provided nearly 1 million volumes of electronic books for readers, and the sales volume of best-selling books in electronic versions outnumbered their counterparts in hardcover versions, creating a selling model of simultaneous E (electronic) P (paper) publication. In addition, there is Apple's Tablet PC iPad. The majority of user groups have drawn the attentions of software developers and content providers. Taiwan's publishing industry established Taiwan Digital-Publishing Forum, and the Executive Yuan implemented the development of strategies and action plans for the digital-publishing industry, trying to make a transition toward the direction of digital-publishing. Two of the major publishers, Yuan-Liou Publisher and the Cite Publishers, were actively involved in the development of digital-publishing. However many small publishers held back or rejected in terms of developing the digital- publishing, resulting in a situation that Taiwan has had plenty of e-book hardwares with little electronic book content. This study is to explain the reasons why the publishers engaged in digital- publishing and adopted certain development patterns. This study also investigates how the first-involved publishers built the development patterns of digital-publishing in face of the lack of content and few publishers engaged in the field. The two publishing houses, Yuan-Liou Publisher and the Cite Publishers, serve as the main subjects of the research. The objective of investing in the digital publishing is to compete with the IT industry and to occupy an intermediary position between authors and readers in the value chain of communication industry . However the publishers investing in digital-publishing must make distinction from IT industry and communication industry; the difference is in publisher’s content-based business model; the benefits are directly from content sales. So have to think about how to establish the marketing mechanisms of content in the digital age. Following the concerns of the neo-institutional school, this study explores environmental changes confronted by the organizations, how the organizations developed strategies, and the further effects on the attitude of other organizations in order to create an advantageous environment by. Presently, this issue are unable to reasonably explain the publishers’ movement. This study starts from the observations of the status quo of Taiwan’s publishing industry, trying to find local significances of digital-publishers and to give the reasons of investment in the development .

The present article attempts to analyse the effects of Kiswahili curricula changes in Kenya on Kiswahili authorship and publishing since 1963. The bottomline of the argument is that any changes on the educational curriculum affecting Kiswahili has a corresponding effect on the way Kiswahili authors and publishers behave. The analysis is divided into several periods marked with the various commissions appointed by the government to investigate and make recommendations on education. Based on the foregoing, the paper shows how the authors and ublishers are compelled to adjust their attitude towards Kiswahili in order to keep abreast with the ever-changing millieu – at one time they cherish Kiswahili while discounting it at another. Finally, it is argued that at present there is a lot of good will towards Kiswahili. This can be enhanced if special incentives such as awarding higher entry salaries to applicants for jobs in the civil service who can fluently express themselves in Kiswahili.

The theoretical part of the thesis in his first chapter of the book deals with a phenomenon that accompanies since its inception and how it affects us the literary world. The next phase will analyze literary types and origin of fiction itself, which strongly supported the reading culture and to encourage the creation of rights bestsellers. The next section will focus on the book and its difficult journey from writer to designer, printers and finally to the reader. The next phase deals with books in physical and electronic form, the reader walks of life and then directly bestseller term, as the current phenomenon of literary culture. Then represents one of the writers Dan Brown and his books of content and visual aspects. The last part will deal with the linking book design and art education in the practical part of the thesis description of the treatment, resulting arises file publishing a collection of selected books by Dan Brown.

O foco desta tese centra-se na investigação do cenário editorial da Serra Gaúcha/RS/Brasil. Ao compreender a literatura como um sistema que se forma a partir de uma ampla e complexa rede de relações, tem-se como objetivo mapear e analisar os mecanismos de produção, publicação e circulação literária na região, sob o ponto de vista de seus escritores e editores. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma ampla pesquisa sobre escritores e obras que compõem a paisagem literária serrana do ano 2000 até 2016, com o propósito de estruturar o panorama de publicações e de produtores de ficção na região. Em seguida, realizam-se entrevistas pessoais com 25 escritores e 4 editores, com o intuito de verificar como eles percebem sua atuação no sistema literário em questão. Finalmente, as entrevistas são tabuladas e analisadas à luz da sociologia da literatura. Fatores sociais, históricos e culturais específicos da região, assim como as condições de produção, difusão, leitura e público literário, compõem os elementos investigativos desta pesquisa e colaboram para que se compreenda a vida literária na Serra Gaúcha, na atualidade. / This thesis focuses on the investigation of the editorial scenario of the Serra Gaúcha/RS/Brazil. Understanding literature as a system that is formed from a wide and complex network of relations, the objective is to map and analyze the literary mechanisms of production and publication in the region, from the perspective of its writers and editors. Initially, it is based on an extensive research on writers and works that compose the literary scenery from 2000 to 2016, with the purpose of structuring the panorama of publications and fiction producers in the region. Then personal interviews with 25 writers and 4 editors are carried out, in order to verify how they perceive their work in the literary system under discussion. Finally, the interviews are tabulated and analyzed according to the sociology of literature. Particular social, historical and cultural factors of the region, as well as the conditions of production, diffusion, reading and literary public, compose the investigative elements of this research and collaborate to understand the literary life in Serra Gaúcha, at the present time.

This Master's thesis entitled Analysis of Book Publisher's Marketing Tools focuses on the Czech book market and marketing tools that are currently used by book publishers. The aim of the work is to evaluate marketing tools of the specific Czech book publisher based on qualitative research and suggest possible improvements in their use. The theoretical part contains definitions of basic concepts in the field of book publishing and book marketing, which serves as the basis for the practical part. The practical part deals with the analysis of marketing tools of book publisher Argo, presents pros and cons of these instruments and in the end, brings suggestions for their improvement. This part of the thesis is based on marketing situation analysis, on analysis of available data on publisher's activities and on an interview with one of its writers. This thesis is primarily valuable for book publishers and sellers, who can obtain information about possible marketing tools. For book readers, this thesis is particularly interesting in terms of obtaining information about how marketing tools can help them in the selection of books.

The aim of this thesis is to give a picture as complete as possible of the sociological, material and economic conditions of the translation of a literary work. This thesis elaborates the characteristics of the profession of 'literary translator' in the Czech environment. It focuses on the role and position of a literary translator in the contemporary Czech book market and examines the economic context of this activity. The practical part includes a questionnaire survey and interviews with translators. The results of the questionnaire search are processed by means of a descriptive analysis and a correlation analysis. The interviews were used to create medallions illustrating the individual variations of the translator's profession of literary texts. Key words: literary translator, book market, royalties, publisher, translation, quantitative research, qualitative research, CEATL, Czech translator's association

Lucie Rydlová: German media houses on Polish press market Abstract This thesis examines the activity of the German media groups Axel Springer AG and Verlagsgruppe Passau on the Polish press market. These German publishers have taken advantage of the transformation and liberalization after 1990 and have massively invested in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. In Poland, dailies were published by both of the aforementioned groups. Axel Springer AG produces the tabloid daily Fakt and between 2006 and 2009 the group produced the semi-tabloid Dziennik. Verlagsgruppe Passau has owned a variety of regional dailies (now merged under one umbrella and published only a few times a week). With regard to the historical burden on the relationship between Poland and Germany, the position of a German publisher in the field of opinion-forming media is rather difficult. This thesis compares the operation of the two aforementioned publishers on the Polish press market, with the focus on how they entered the market and expanded their business, on the influence of the publisher on the editorial slant, on the controversies with the Anti-Monopoly Office, and on their attitude towards their competitors and the Polish political representation. Activities beyond publishing and standards imposed in the parent and subsidiary...