Compost bedded pack barns are a relatively new type of dairy housing system that is being implemented in Kentucky. Extensive research has been done on the composting of animal manure, however, little has been done on composting animal manure in place. One of the most concerning challenges is aeration. Improper aeration can cause system failure. The ability to quickly and accurately measure the oxygen concentration would allow researchers the ability to determine which methods of tillage/aeration are most effective in compost bedded pack barns. The research in this thesis focused on the development of a method for simultaneously testing oxygen concentrations at different locations and depth in compost in-situ. A probe was developed that vertically aligned Apogee Instruments oxygen sensors (SO-120) in order to generate an oxygen profile of the compost. The probe was used to test the effect of different tillage/aeration strategies in a composted bedded pack barn. The results indicated the probe was effective at measuring the oxygen concentrations in active compost tested in laboratory conditions and it was determined that there was a significant difference in oxygen concentration with respect to depth. However, when applied in the compost bedded pack barn, large amounts of variation occurred randomly in the data, causing no difference to be detected as a result of varying tillage aeration treatments.

When you need to assess or troubleshoot network by analysing capture file, you want it done as fast as possible and you do not always have a high-performance computer. Here comes the distributed system, which allows you to use his high computing power and lot of available memory. I introduce distributed application, which is scalable, extensible and capable of processing captured network communication and is developed for Windows platform. That provides technology, like Microsoft HPC Pack and Windows Communication foundation. The application supports multiple capture formats. In parallel system (cluster), exists database in order to save statistics and data of captured communication in order to save user's computer memory so client's application can be used for low-performance computers or make data available to a client after distributed processing.

In 1965, the United States invaded the Dominican Republic to prevent the creation of a “second Cuba.” The invasion and subsequent occupation of the Caribbean nation maintained peace in Santo Domingo beneath the banner of a multi-national peacekeeping force representing the Organization of American States (O.A.S.) as a provisional Dominican government prepared for a democratic presidential election. Although operation Power Pack, the U.S. military name for the intervention, is one of the largest uses of armed force in U.S. – Latin American history and both military and foreign policy leaders deemed the operation a success, few members of the U.S. military seem to remember Power Pack today.The one exception to this is the U.S. Army’s 82d Airborne Division. Unlike other U.S. military branches, or other parts of the U.S. Army, which fail to remember the intervention, the 82d Airborne remembers the intervention and has gone to great lengths to celebrate and memorialize its role in Power Pack. The division’s production of a commemorative book, the construction of political and intellectual discourse buoyed by the operation’s success, and the construction and maintenance of memorials and monuments to Power Pack make it clear that the organization has made a deliberate effort to maintain a collective memory of the conflict. A fuller understanding of why the 82d has maintained these memories is key to understanding why other U.S. military organizations chose to disregard their memory of Power Pack and allows scholars to begin to assess the cost of the military’s forgetfulness. / History

No description available.

L'amélioration du rendement des turboréacteurs requiert un accroissement de leur température de service. Le développement de nouveaux alliages, issus du système Nb-Si, permet d'envisager des températures de fonctionnement de 200°C supérieures à celles offertes par les superalliages base nickel utilisés actuellement. La première partie de ce manuscrit rappelle les principaux résultats scientifiques ayant menés à la sélection des alliages composites à base de siliciures de niobium (Nbss-Nb5Si3). La microstructure de ces alliages associe une matrice ductile de niobium pouvant solubiliser de nombreux éléments d'addition à une dispersion de siliciures durs et fragiles conférant aux alliages leurs bonnes propriétés en fluage et une meilleure résistance à l'oxydation à haute température. Malheureusement, ces alliages sont caractérisés par une récession rapide du métal associée au développement d'oxydes non protecteurs. L'oxygène réagit rapidement avec le substrat, se dissout dans la solution solide de niobium et y diffuse rapidement. L'effet des éléments Al, Si et Ti a été étudié en considérant à la fois les modifications microstructurales et les propriétés en oxydation lors de ces additions. Bien que ces optimisations de compositions conduisent à une amélioration significative de la résistance à l'oxydation des alliages Nbss-Nb5Si3, certaines nuances souffrent d'une résistance à l'oxydation catastrophique vers 800°C. L'ajout graduel d'étain au sein des alliages permet de modifier foncièrement la microstructure, notamment en initiant le développement d'une phase de type A15-Nb3Sn. A 800°C, l'étain supprime la dissolution de l'oxygène au sein de Nbss responsable du comportement en oxydation catastrophique rencontré par les nuances sans étain. Malgré ces progrès, la résistance à l'oxydation de ces alliages reste insuffisante et le développement de revêtements protecteurs contre l'oxydation a été nécessaire. Dans ce sens deux familles de siliciures Nb3X3CrSi6 et Nb4X4Si7 (X = Fe, Co ou Ni) ont été sélectionnées et leur stabilité thermodynamique ainsi que leur comportement en oxydation ont été évaluées. Ces phases se sont avérées capables de résister à l'oxydation à des températures d'exposition allant jusqu'à 1300°C. Le mécanisme d'oxydation de chacun de ces siliciures a été déterminé. Finalement, le dépôt de ces siliciures à la surface des alliages Nbss-Nb5Si3 via le procédé de pack cémentation s'est révélé possible. Les alliages revêtus par les siliciures choisis présentent des durées de vie pouvant aller jusqu'à 3000 cycles d'oxydation d'une heure à 1100°C / The improvement of the efficiency of turbine engine can be achieved by increasing the working temperature. The development of new alloys based on Nb-Si system allows a jump of 200°C of the operating temperature in comparison to that offered by current nickel based alloys. The first part of this manuscript focuses on the evolutions which have led to the development of niobium silicide in situ composites (Nbss-Nb5Si3). The microstructure of these alloys consists in a ductile niobium matrix where number of alloying elements can solubilise and of strengthening niobium silicides which are intended to provide creep and oxidation resistance at high temperature. Unfortunately, these alloys exhibit a poor oxidation resistance characterised by a high metal recession rate and the formation of non-protective oxide scale. Thus, oxygen can easily react with the substrate, dissolve in Nbss and diffuse quickly through this phase. The effect of Al, Si and Ti additions on both microstructure and oxidation resistance were investigated. Although, these composition optimisations lead to a significant enhance of oxidation resistance, some compositions still suffers from catastrophic oxidation behaviour around 800°C. In these alloys tin additions involve high microstructural changes, especially by initiating the formation of A15- Nb3Sn phase. At 800°C, Sn additions suppress oxygen dissolution in Nbss responsible of the catastrophic oxidation behaviour of these alloys. Nevertheless, the oxidation resistance of these alloys remains too low for the foreseen applications and protective coatings are required. Thermodynamic stability and oxidation resistance of two silicide families (Nb3X3CrSi6 and Nb4X4Si7 (X = Fe, Co or Ni)) were investigated. These silicides have exhibited a high oxidation resistance up to 1300°C by the formation of a protective silica layer. Finally, these silicides were deposited on Nbss-Nb5Si3 substrate by using the pack cementation process. Some coated alloys have then exhibited lifetime going up to 3000 one hour cycle at 1100°C

Studiens syfte är att ta del av hur förskollärare beskriver vad som kännetecknar pedagogisk dokumentation samt hur de arbetar med den i verksamheten. Vi vill även belysa vilka möjligheter och begränsningar som förskollärarna ser i sitt arbete med arbetsverktyget. Intresset för ämnet har skapats under utbildningen och VFU (verksamhetsförlagd utbildning) då pedagogisk dokumentation förefaller vara ett arbetsverktyg som blir allt vanligare i förskolan. Det är en kvalitativ studie där semistrukturerade intervjuer har valts för att samla in det empiriska materialet. Studien baseras på fyra intervjuer med förskollärare som alla har läst eller läser kursen Pedagogisk dokumentation med IT-stöd på högskolan i Skövde. I det empiriska materialet har vi sett att förskollärarna har en snarlik syn på vad syftet med pedagogisk dokumentation är och vad det är. De arbetar med arbetsverktyget i olika utsträckning i sitt arbete och ser olika på vikten av arbetsverktyget för utvecklingen av verksamheten. Under kursen på högskolan i Skövde har de tillägnat sig olika kunskaper som leder till att deras arbete utvecklats på olika sätt. De ser begränsningar i arbetet med pedagogisk dokumentation men framförallt möjligheter där förskollärarnas egen inställning påverkar hur arbetet ser ut. Att skapa ett fungerande arbete med pedagogisk dokumentation verkar vara en process som sker i steg där ett utvecklat förhållningssätt och teknisk kunskap leder till fokusering på reflektion och utveckling av verksamheten. Vidare diskuteras kring hur utbildningen i pedagogisk dokumentation skulle kunna se ut. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how preschool teachers describe the characteristics of pedagogical documentation, and how these teachers work with it. We will also highlight the possibilities and limitations that preschool teachers see in their work with this tool. Our interest in this topic was raised during our education and VFU (practical education) because we then experienced that pedagogical documentation is a working tool that is becoming increasingly common in preschool. This is a qualitative study in which we have chosen to use semi-structured interviews to collect the empirical material. The study is based on four interviews with preschool teachers who have all read or are reading the course Pedagogical documentation of IT support at University of Skövde. In the empirical material we have seen that the preschool teachers have a similar view about the purpose with pedagogical documentation and what it is. They work with the working tool in varying degrees and look different on the importance of the working tool for the development of their work. During the course at University of Skövde they have acquired different skills that have lead to that their work has evolved in different ways. The preschool teachers can see limitations in their work with pedagogical documentation but they foremost see the opportunities and how their own attitude towards it affects their work. Creating an effective job of pedagogical documentation seems to be a process that takes place in steps, where a developed attitude and technical knowledge leads to a focus on reflection and development in their work. We further discuss how the education of pedagogical documentation should be developed.

<p>Studiens syfte är att ta del av hur förskollärare beskriver vad som kännetecknar pedagogisk dokumentation samt hur de arbetar med den i verksamheten. Vi vill även belysa vilka möjligheter och begränsningar som förskollärarna ser i sitt arbete med arbetsverktyget. Intresset för ämnet har skapats under utbildningen och VFU (verksamhetsförlagd utbildning) då pedagogisk dokumentation förefaller vara ett arbetsverktyg som blir allt vanligare i förskolan. Det är en kvalitativ studie där semistrukturerade intervjuer har valts för att samla in det empiriska materialet. Studien baseras på fyra intervjuer med förskollärare som alla har läst eller läser kursen<em> Pedagogisk dokumentation med IT-stöd </em>på högskolan i Skövde. I det empiriska materialet har vi sett att förskollärarna har en snarlik syn på vad syftet med pedagogisk dokumentation är och vad det är. De arbetar med arbetsverktyget i olika utsträckning i sitt arbete och ser olika på vikten av arbetsverktyget för utvecklingen av verksamheten. Under kursen på högskolan i Skövde har de tillägnat sig olika kunskaper som leder till att deras arbete utvecklats på olika sätt. De ser begränsningar i arbetet med pedagogisk dokumentation men framförallt möjligheter där förskollärarnas egen inställning påverkar hur arbetet ser ut. Att skapa ett fungerande arbete med pedagogisk dokumentation verkar vara en process som sker i steg där ett utvecklat förhållningssätt och teknisk kunskap leder till fokusering på reflektion och utveckling av verksamheten. Vidare diskuteras kring hur utbildningen i pedagogisk dokumentation skulle kunna se ut.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to investigate how preschool teachers describe the characteristics of pedagogical documentation, and how these teachers work with it. We will also highlight the possibilities and limitations that preschool teachers see in their work with this tool. Our interest in this topic was raised during our education and VFU (practical education) because we then experienced that pedagogical documentation is a working tool that is becoming increasingly common in preschool. This is a qualitative study in which we have chosen to use semi-structured interviews to collect the empirical material. The study is based on four interviews with preschool teachers who have all read or are reading the course <em>Pedagogical documentation of IT support</em> at University of Skövde. In the empirical material we have seen that the preschool teachers have a similar view about the purpose with pedagogical documentation and what it is. They work with the working tool in varying degrees and look different on the importance of the working tool for the development of their work. During the course at University of Skövde they have acquired different skills that have lead to that their work has evolved in different ways. The preschool teachers can see limitations in their work with pedagogical documentation but they foremost see the opportunities and how their own attitude towards it affects their work. Creating an effective job of pedagogical documentation seems to be a process that takes place in steps, where a developed attitude and technical knowledge leads to a focus on reflection and development in their work. We further discuss how the education of pedagogical documentation should be developed.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 felipe_lm_me_jabo.pdf: 356871 bytes, checksum: 16d6d5f606db8c2a71fd32fc4c6570dc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A deterioração “blown pack” é caracterizada por abundante produção de gás, induzindo a completa distensão da embalagem durante o processo de estocagem sob refrigeração. Quando a embalagem é aberta, há um odor desagradável, levemente fecal. O gás presente na embalagem é composto por dióxido de carbono e hidrogênio e por vários tipos butíricos do metabolismo fermentativo. O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar possíveis causadores deste tipo de deterioração, quantificando as populações de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae, e caracterizando-as nos principais gêneros e espécies encontradas, o número de bactérias ácido-lácticas, a freqüência de Clostridium estertheticum e do Clostridium gasigenes, em carnes próprias para o consumo e em carnes que apresentaram a deterioração “blown pack”. Para contagem e identificação dos membros da família Enterobacteriaceae e contagem de bactérias ácido-lácticas utilizou-se de técnicas microbiológicas clássicas. Já para pesquisa do C. estertheticum e C. gasigenes fez-se uso de técnicas de biologia molecular. Os microrganismos da família Enterobacteriaceae e bactérias ácido-láticas estavam presentes em populações elevadas e em maior número nas carnes com deterioração “blown pack”. A espécie mais freqüentemente encontrada foi a Hafnia alvei. As amostras com deterioração “blown pack’ apresentaram maior positividade para o C. estertethicum que amostras não deterioradas. Não houve diferença estatística de positividade para a presença do C. gasigenes entre amostras com deterioração “blown pack” e carnes não deterioradas. A principal forma de controle desta deterioração é a prevenção da contaminação da carne por material fecal. / The blown pack spoilage is characterised by abundant gas production, leading to complete gross distention pack during refrigerated storage. When the packaging is opened, there is an unpleasant smell, lightly fecal. The gas present in the package is composed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen and also of several butyric types of metabolism fermentation. The purpose of this experiment was to determine possible causes of this spoilage type, quantifying the populations of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and characterizing them in the major genera and species found, the number of lactic acid bacteria, the frequency of Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes in meat proper for consumption and meat which showed the blown pack spoilage. In order to enumerate and identify the members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, and to enumerate the lactic acid bacteria the procedure was classical microbiological techniques. However to search the C. estertheticum and C. gasigenes the procedure was molecular biology techniques. The microorganisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria were present in large populations and in greater numbers in meat with blown pack spoilage. The species which were found more often was the Hafnia alvei. Samples of blown pack“ spoilage had greater positive features for C. estertethicum than samples not damaged. There was no statistical difference of positive features for the presence of C. gasigenes between samples of blown pack spoilage and not damaged meat. The main way to control this spoilage is the prevention of contamination of meat by fecal material.

Orientadores: Edvaldo Sabadini, Rosângela Barros Zanoni Lopes Moreno / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T12:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_RobertaKamei_D.pdf: 3168201 bytes, checksum: 311be9e2895bc6d972563662136638fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve o potencial das micelas gigantes como aditivos para facilitar operações de gravel-pack. O objetivo da operação de completação gravel-pack é obtenção de um filtro de areia ou cerâmica (gravel) capaz de conter areia da formação durante a produção de um poço de petróleo. As micelas gigantes podem ser utilizadas na fase de preenchimento do gravel-pack, com a finalidade de produzir um sistema capaz de reduzir as perdas de carga geradas pelo fluxo turbulento do fluido (por redução de atrito hidrodinâmico), melhorar a homogeneidade da distribuição de areia na dispersão e, consequentemente, viabilizar a operação em cenários de janela operacional estreita. O fênomeno de redução de atrito hidrodinâmico está relacionado com a menor energia requerida para o escoamento de líquidos em regime turbulento, quando certas macromoléculas estão dissolvidas. Estudos indicam que a redução de atrito hidrodinâmico pode estar diretamente relacionada à flexibilidade e ao tamanho de macromoléculas, que podem interagir com os vórtices e evitar a dissipação da energia. Soluções de alguns surfactantes, em determinadas condições, podem formar micelas alongadas (gigantes). O sistema resultante possui algumas características de soluções poliméricas, sendo capaz de produzir o mesmo efeito, sem, no entanto, sofrer degradação mecânica devido ao bombeamento ou cisalhamento prolongado. Foram desenvolvidos estudos fundamentais a partir de medidas reológicas, calorimétricas e de espalhamento dinâmico de luz para investigar a estabilidade térmica e mecânica de micelas gigantes formadas por surfactantes catiônicos e ânions aromáticos. Em seguida, foram avaliadas as melhores composições, nas quais se obtiveram significativos níveis de redução de atrito hidrodinâmico em condições de temperaturas de fundo de poço, em soluções de alta salinidade e usando-se micelas gigantes formadas por surfactantes comerciais. Os resultados desses estudos fundamentais foram utilizados para avaliar o desempenho das micelas gigantes em circuitos de escoamento. Também foi verificado o efeito da presença das micelas gigantes no arraste do grão de areia, em condições próximas às das operações de gravel-pack / Abstract: This thesis describes the potential of wormlike micelles as additives to improve gravel-pack operations. The aim of the completion operation of grave-pack is to create a sand or ceramic filter able to contain the sand formation during the gravel-pack operation in order to produce a system capable of reducing friction losses on a fluid in turbulent flow (by drag reduction), to improve the homogeneity of the distribution of sand dispersion and thus facilitate the operation in case of narrow window scenarios. The phenomenon of drag reduction is related to the lower energy required for liquid transports in turbulent flow when certain macromolecules are dissolved. Studies indicate that drag reduction can be directly related to the flexibility and size of the macromolecules, which can interact with the vortices and prevent dissipation of energy. Solutions of some surfactants, under certain conditions, can form long micelles (wormlike micelles). The resulting system has some characteristics of polymer solutions, being able to produce the same effect, however without suffering degradation due to pumping or high shear. Fundamental studies were conducted using rheological, calorimetric and dynamic light scattering measurements in order to investigate the thermal and mechanical stability of wormlike micelles formed by cationic surfactants and aromatic anions. Then, the best compositions were evaluated, which were obtained significant levels of drag reduction under bottom hole temperature, in solutions of high salinity and using wormlike micelles formed by commercial surfactants. The results of these fundamental studies were used to evaluate the performance of wormlike micelles in flow loops. We also checked the effect of the presence / Doutorado / Físico-Química / Doutora em Ciências

Au cours de ce travail, des revêtements intermétalliques TiAlx (x=1,2,3) ont été élaborés sur des substrats à base titane : le titane pur et l’alliage commercial, TA6V. L’objectif était de réaliser des revêtements d’aluminiure en surface et d’étudier le comportement des matériaux revêtus vis-à-vis de l’oxydation à haute température sous air, sous air enrichi en vapeur d’eau et en présence de soufre. Les matériaux revêtus ont été testés à trois températures : 700°C, 800°C et 900°C. Les revêtements ont été réalisés à 1000°C par la méthode de cémentation en caisse. Les revêtements réalisés par ce procédé sont toujours adhérents au substrat. Pendant la réaction d’oxydation, l’existence d’un processus de rétrodiffusion de l’aluminium modifie la nature des phases et l’organisation du revêtement. Les phases TiAl et TiAl2 ne sont pas suffisamment riches en aluminium pour promouvoir la formation d’une couche d’alumine protectrice quelle que soit la température d’oxydation. Lorsque ce sont ces phases qui sont à la surface du revêtement, on assiste toujours à la formation d’une couche superficielle de rutile TiO2. Quand elle constitue la sous-couche externe du revêtement, la phase TiAl3 est assez riche en aluminium pour former une couche d’alumine -Al2O3 couvrante, compacte et protectrice. / During this study, intermetallic coatings TiAlx (x=1,2,3) were performed on titanium substrates: pure titanium and the commercial alloy, TA6V. The aim of this study was to elaborate aluminiure coatings on the surface and characterize the behaviour of these coated materials in oxidation at high temperature under air laboratory, under air enriched with water vapour and with sulfur. The coated materials were tested at three temperatures: 700°C, 800°C and 900°C. The coatings were realized at 1000°C by the pack-cementation process. The coatings realized are always adherent to the substrate. During oxidation the retrodiffusion of aluminium changes the nature of the phases and the organisation of the coating. TiAl and TiAl2 phases are not enough rich in aluminium to promote the formation of a protective alumina layer, whatever the temperature. When these phases are present on the surface of the coating, we always observe the formation of a TiO2 rutile top layer. When TiAl3 is the external sub-layer of the coating, this phase is rich enough in aluminium to form an -Al2O3 alumina layer, which is covering, compact and protective.