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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

I Believe in My System

Choate, Guy 01 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
12

"Fatherhood" : a experiência no nascimento do filho no contexto hospitalar

Diogenes, Katia Castelo Branco Machado 15 March 2017 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / The thesis entitled "Fatherhood: Experience in the child birth at the hospital context" addresses the theme that man finds in a reframing of his role in society, not only as a family financial provider, but also in the engagement in the daily care of children and woman, as well as in the emotional support for his child's growth. This research sought to understand the paternity experience after the child birth in the hospital context from the perspective of parents, in order to know the husband-wife relationship after the birth of the baby in the hospital context and to reveal the paternal experience in relation to health professionals in the hospital environment. The research was qualitative and developed in the Gonzaga Mota de Messejana District Hospital, a regional reference hospital of the Regional VI in the care of pregnant women and the newborn. Data collection took place in the obstetric room and had as participants of the study, parents who attended the delivery and accompanied their partners in the postpartum period, mothers who had as accompanying the baby father, unaccompanied mothers and mothers with female companions (sister, mother, mother-in-law, friend etc), totaling 15 informants. The data collection phase was performed by participant observation with annotations of important routine situations of the sector and the experiences of the informants in the field diary, in addition to data collected from the medical records of mothers and their newborns. In the methodological path, the strategy used to process the collected data was Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis and the data analysis processes were the Signs Systems, Meanings and Actions, and the Contextualized Semantic Interpretation of Bibeau and Corin anthropologists. After intense exploration of our data in the analysis phase, four (4) categories were identified: Tender care of the "owl-dad": love beyond the womb, "Super husband": no one replaces his presence, "It was difficult to Enter ": traumas, symbolic violence and power relations in childbirth, and "Do not stop in the middle of the walk": hope in the hospital experience. The results were discussed interweaving with the relevant literature. The father's participation in childbirth is still complex and deepening this theme is still synonymous with intense discussions, because it involves cultural aspects of man's performance in society and for seeking emerging perspectives, of re-framing him in a context previously characterized as feminine. The reflections arising from this thesis are not conceived as a universal model of care for the father by the health team and in understanding the initial bond of paternity; however, they may give rise to reflections about the health professionals' performance and the empowerment of the father in this process, which begins from the conception of the baby, until its materialization in his arms. / A tese intitulada ¿Fatherhood: a experiência no nascimento do filho no contexto hospitalar¿ aborda a temática na qual o homem se encontra num reenquadramento do seu papel na sociedade, não apenas como provedor financeiro da família, mas no engajamento nos cuidados diários da criança e da mulher, e no apoio emocional para o crescimento do seu filho. Essa pesquisa buscou compreender a experiência da paternidade após o nascimento do filho no contexto hospitalar pela óptica de pais e mães, conhecer a relação marido¿esposa após o nascimento do bebê no contexto hospitalar e desvelar a experiência paterna em relação aos profissionais de saúde no ambiente hospitalar. A pesquisa foi do tipo qualitativa e desenvolvida no Hospital Distrital Gonzaga Mota de Messejana, hospital público de referência da Regional VI na assistência à gestante e ao recém-nascido. A coleta de dados ocorreu no alojamento conjunto obstétrico e teve, como participantes da pesquisa, pais que participaram do parto e acompanharam suas companheiras no pós-parto, mães que tiveram como acompanhantes o pai do bebê, mães sem acompanhantes e mães com acompanhantes mulheres (irmã, mãe, sogra, amiga etc.), totalizando 15 informantes. A fase de coleta de dados foi realizada pela observação participante com anotações de situações importantes da rotina do setor e das vivências dos informantes no diário de campo, além de dados coletados dos prontuários das mães e seus recém-nascidos. Ainda no percurso metodológico, a estratégia utilizada para processamento dos dados coletados foi a Análise de Conteúdo Temático de Bardin, e processos de análise de dados adotados foram Sistema de Signos, Significados e Ações e a Interpretação Semântica Contextualizada dos antropólogos Bibeau e Corin. Após intensa exploração dos nossos dados na fase de análise, foram identificadas 4 (quatro) categorias: Cuidados mimosos do ¿papai-coruja¿: o amor além do ventre materno, ¿Super marido¿: ninguém substitui a presença dele, ¿Foi difícil de entrar¿: traumas, violência simbólica e relações de poder no parto e ¿Não pare no meio da caminhada¿: esperança na vivência hospitalar. Os resultados foram discutidos entrelaçando com a literatura pertinente. A participação do pai no parto ainda é complexa e aprofundar essa temática ainda é sinônimo de intensas discussões, por envolver aspectos culturais da atuação do homem na sociedade e por buscar perspectivas ainda emergentes, de reenquadrá-lo num contexto anteriormente caracterizado como feminino. As reflexões advindas dessa tese não são concebidas como um modelo universal de assistência ao pai pela equipe de saúde e na compreensão do elo inicial da paternidade, porém, poderão suscitar reflexões acerca da atuação dos profissionais de saúde e no empoderamento do pai nesse processo, que se inicia desde a concepção do bebê, até a sua materialização em seus braços.
13

Participação do pai no parto : tendências e fatores associados

Mendonca, Francisco Antonio da Cruz 14 March 2017 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-03-14 / The father participation in childbirth, the trends of this action and the factors associated with it, in a public hospital, were object of investigation that presents itself from an unpublished proposal. Although there is a gradual incorporation of the participation of men in childbirth together with public policies of the Unified Health System, this question still needs to be addressed more emphatically in the field of Collective Health. The objective of this study was to analyze the tendency of the father's participation in childbirth and the associated factors in a public hospital. This is an epidemiological and analytical study, carried out at the Gonzaga Mota de Messejana District Hospital, in Fortaleza-Ceará-Brazil. With data collection between July and December 2016, a database was analyzed, composed of 27,051 observations of the delivery room book with the information of the records of the pregnant women, after implantation of the technology "Parto Que Te Quero Perto", in the period of December / 2009 to December / 2015. The data were organized in tables and graphs, and statistical analysis was used, odds ratios, considering p <0.05 and adjusted logistic regression model in order to shape the father presence in childbirth. The risks to the faithful depositary of the documents embodied in the access to the medical records of pregnant women were minimized. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Fortaleza, according to opinion Nº. 1,584,127. The results showed that the normal birth route was more prevalent in the study, increasing the chance of the father's participation. Births with the father presence have the highest rates of APGAR in the 1st and 5th minute. The deliveries performed by nurses appeared larger when women were accompanied by the child's father. Over the years, the proportion of deliveries performed by nurses increases, and most unaccompanied deliveries tend to decline, as the father's participation in childbirth tends to increase. With this study, it was possible to verify that the father participation in childbirth contributes to better epidemiological and clinical indicators for the newborns health. / A participação do pai no parto, as tendências desta ação e os fatores associados a esta, em um hospital público, constituíram objeto de investigação que se apresenta a partir de uma proposta inédita. Embora tenha gradativa incorporação da participação do homem no parto junto às políticas públicas do Sistema Único de Saúde, essa questão ainda necessita ser abordada de forma mais enfática no campo da Saúde Coletiva. Objetivou-se analisar a tendência da participação do pai no parto e os fatores associados em um hospital público. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico e analítico, realizado no Hospital Distrital Gonzaga Mota de Messejana, em Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil. Com coleta de dados entre julho e dezembro de 2016, foi analisado um banco de dados composto por 27.051 observações do livro da sala de parto com as informações dos prontuários das gestantes, após implantação da tecnologia ¿Parto Que Te Quero Perto¿, no peri¿odo de dezembro/2009 a dezembro/2015. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e gráficos e utilizou-se análise estatística, razões de chances, considerando p<0,05 e ajustado modelo de regressão logística para modelar a presença do pai no parto. Foram minimizados os riscos em relação ao fiel depositário dos documentos consubstanciados no acesso aos prontuários das gestantes. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade de Fortaleza, conforme parecer Nº. 1.584.127. Os resultados evidenciaram que a via de parto normal se mostrou mais prevalente no estudo, intensificando a chance da participação do pai. Os partos com a presença do pai têm os maiores índices de APGAR no 1º e 5º minuto. Os partos realizados por enfermeiros pareceram maiores quando as mulheres estavam acompanhadas pelo pai da criança. Com o passar dos anos, aumenta a proporção de partos realizados por enfermeiros e a maioria dos partos sem acompanhantes tende a diminuir, à proporção que a participação do pai no parto tende a aumentar. Com este estudo, pôde constatar-se que a participação do pai no parto contribui para melhores indicadores epidemiológicos e clínicos para a saúde de recém-nascidos.
14

A noção de pai em psicanálise do declínio ao pai morto

Cherer, Evandro de Quadros 17 August 2018 (has links)
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2018. / Às voltas com as mudanças familiares na sociedade vienense, no final do século XIX, e com a sexualidade histérica, Sigmund Freud atentou-se para a questão do pai, inserindo-a no campo da psicanálise. A propósito disso, o presente estudo consiste em uma proposta de investigação teórica sobre a questão do pai à luz da psicanálise, tendo como objetivo investigar a noção de pai, redimensionando-a no campo da psicanálise. Particularmente, buscou-se que os operadores conceituais da psicanálise fossem reconsiderados, fundamentalmente no que diz respeito à questão do pai em relação ao declínio da imago paterna e suas eventuais repercussões na constituição subjetiva. Acerca disso, percorreu-se como a noção de pai surgiu, desenvolveu-se e foi trabalhada na obra freudiana. De início, o pai foi apreendido enquanto sedutor e associado à etiologia das neuroses. Entretanto, a teoria da sexualidade infantil promoveu uma torção, deslocando o pai para o complexo de Édipo. Nesse, o pai seria o interditor do objeto de desejo e, simultaneamente, o ideal, na medida em que detém para si a mãe ao possuir o falo. Essa relação ambivalente, ou seja, de rivalidade e idealização, foi nomeada de complexo paterno, aspecto fundamental na noção de pai. Situando essa questão nas origens da humanidade, Freud formulou o mito do parricídio inaugural. O Urvater, o pai primordial, foi assassinado pelos filhos e, mesmo morto, tornou-se mais forte que se vivo estivesse. Semelhantemente, Moisés teria sido assassinado pelos judeus ao conduzi-los à terra prometida. Nas três principais versões freudianas do pai (Édipo, Urvater e Moisés), o parricídio está presente. O pai, o Um da exceção, é, a rigor, o pai morto, aquele cujo lugar ninguém está efetivamente à altura. De modo semelhante, investigou-se o declínio do pai e a problemática de suas eventuais repercussões na obra do jovem Lacan, na qual repercussões foram tributadas ao declínio da família paternalista, bem como eventuais falhas na constituição subjetiva atribuídas ao pai no seio familiar. Foi visto que essa lógica da contração familiar como prejudicial à constituição subjetiva está presente mesmo atualmente. Contrapondo-se a essa perspectiva, a problemática do pai também foi considerada em o “retorno a Freud” feito por Lacan, período no qual a noção de pai passou a ser apreendida a partir do caráter linguajeiro, sendo cunhado o conceito de Nome-do-Pai enquanto suporte da função simbólica. Distanciando-se do familialismo, é numa função lógica que o pai foi situado. Com isso, esta tese procurou investigar o que é o pai em psicanálise, essencialmente na teoria freudiana e nas (re)leituras produzidas por Lacan, contrapondo-se ao uso que se faz atualmente das noções de “enfraquecimento” ou “declínio” da função paterna, redimensionando essas questões no campo da psicanálise e defendendo a hipótese segunda a qual há uma radical distinção entre os pais, que estão sempre aquém, e a função paterna enquanto tal. / In view of family changes in Viennese society at the end of the nineteenth century, and with hysterical sexuality, Sigmund Freud occupied himself at the question of the father, inserting it into the field of psychoanalysis. In this regard, the present study consists of a theoretical research on the question of the father in the light of psychoanalysis, aiming to investigate the notion of father, redimensioning it in the field of psychoanalysis. Particularly, it has tried to reconsider the conceptual operators of psychoanalysis, fundamentally what it comes to the question of the father in relation to the decline of paternal imago and its possible repercussions on subjective constitution. Regarding this, it was studied how the idea of father arose, developed and was worked out in Freudian literature. At first, the father was apprehended as seductive and associated with the etiology of the neuroses. However, childhood sexuality promoted a twist, shifting the father to the Oedipus complex, in which the father would be the interdictor of the object of desire and, simultaneously, the ideal, considering that he holds for himself the mother as he possesses the phallus. This ambivalent relation, that is, of rivalry and idealization, was named paternal complex, fundamental aspect in the notion of father. Contextualizing this question in the origins of humanity, Freud formulated the myth of the inaugural parricide. Urvater, the primordial father, was murdered by his sons and, even dead, became stronger than if he were alive. Similarly, Moses have been murdered by the Jews when leading them to the promised land. In the three major Freudian versions of father (Oedipus, Urvater, and Moses), parricide is present. The father, the One of the exception, is, strictly speaking, the dead father, the one whose place no one is effectively up to. In a similar way, the present study also investigated father's decline and the problematic of its eventual repercussions in the work of young Lacan, in which repercussions were tributed to the decline of the paternalistic family, as well as possible failures in the subjective constitution attributed to the father within the family. It has been seen that this logic of family contraction as detrimental to the subjective constitution is present even today. In contrast to this perspective, the father's problematic was also considered in Lacan's "return to Freud", a period in which the notion of father became apprehended by the character of langage, and the concept of the Name-of-Father was coined as support of the symbolic function. Distancing itself from familialism, it was in a logical function that the father was placed. Thus, this thesis sought to investigate what the father is in psychoanalysis, essentially in Freud's theory and in the (re)readings produced by Lacan, in opposition to the current use of notions of "weakening" or "decline" of function paternal, redimensioning these issues in the field of psychoanalysis and defending the hypothesis according which there is a radical distinction between the fathers, who always fall short, and the paternal function.
15

O desejado e o vivido pelo pai durante o processo de parto e nascimento de seu bebê

Espírito Santo, Lílian Córdova do January 2000 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objetivos conhecer as vivências, sentimentos e expectativas do pai durante o processo de parto e nascimento do seu bebê, em um hospital-escola que possui o título de Hospital Amigo da Criança, bem como compreender as razões dos profissionais para permitirem ou não a participação do pai neste processo. Para tanto, optou-se pelo método de pesquisa qualitativa, sendo realizado um estudo descritivo do tipo exploratório segundo Parse et al. (1985). Foram sujeitos do estudo pais que participaram ou não do processo de parto e nascimento dos seus bebês e médicos e enfermeiras que atuam na Unidade de Centro Obstétrico. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevista semi-estruturada segundo Triviños (1987) e submetidas à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática preconizada por Bardin (1977). Os temas encontrados foram: “eu esperava que eu pudesse estar com ela, no decorrer de tudo”, “muita emoção, tem que se segurar” e “quem manda aqui sou eu!”. Concluiu-se que os pais têm o desejo de estar presente em todos os momentos relacionados ao trabalho de parto e parto e que a sua participação é considerada importante pelos profissionais. Contudo, para ser permitida a sua permanência junto à parturiente, o pai deve atender uma série de critérios pré-determinados pelos profissionais, que praticamente inviabilizam a sua participação.
16

Contribution à l'étude de la protéolyse au cours de la lymphangiogenèse/Contribution to the study of proteolysis implicated in the lymphangiogenesis.

Bruyere, Françoise 21 January 2009 (has links)
Proteases play a key role in the cascade of tumor-associated proteolysis leading to extracellular matrix degradation, stromal invasion and blood vessel recruitment and inroad. Protease systems are widely described as implicated in the formation of new blood vessels. Until now, only few datas are available concerning their role in lymphangiogenesis. We successfully transposed the aorta ring assay to a mouse lymphatic thoracic duct assay. By immunochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, we characterized the outgrowing cells as being lymphatic cells that organize into microvessels containing a lumen and that conserved lymphatic endothelial cell features. This quantifiable model responds to several well-known lymphangiogenic factors as the VEGF-C but not to specific angiogenic factors. This model is so suitable to screen growth factors and inhibitors as well as conditioned media. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a component of the plasminogen cascade and, though it was critical for angiogenesis, it comes out that it is dispensable for lymphatic outgrowth. In sharp contrast, synthetic and physiological inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases inhibit lymphangiogenesis, and thoracic duct rings derived from MMP-2- but not MMP-9-deficient mice showed an impaired lymphatic cell outgrowth. These data identify MMP2 as an important player in lymphangiogenesis and was confirmed by an in vivo experiments. Proteases are thus also implicated in lymphangiogenesis and the lymphatic ring assay seems to be helpful to discover novel genes and mechanisms that underly the lymphangiogenesis process, including by comparing with angiogenesis in a similar system.
17

The influence of neutrophils and mononuclear leucocytes on the fibrinolytic response to severe sepsis

Haj, Montaser A. January 1995 (has links)
This study identified striking increase in plasma of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-I), a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis levels in septic patients who are non-neutropenic. Neutropenic patients show less striking changes. Where shock occurs both groups of patients show very high levels of PAI-1. These observations suggest a role for leucocytes in PAI production. In the second section neutrophils are identified as containing PAI-1 in normal subjects, the levels rising significantly in sepsis. Monocytes contain no PAI-1 but do contain Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2(PAI-2) levels of which inhibitor also rise in sepsis. Normal neutrophils contained no PAI-2 but neutrophils from septic patients contained significant quantities of this inhibitor. In the third section mononuclear cells from septic patients are identified as enhancing PAI-1 production in cultured endothelial cell (EC). Septic neutrophils have a more complex effect on EC. Mononuclear cells and neutrophils therefore, both contribute to the fibrinolytic inhibition of septic disorders but by different mechanisms. Each cell type contains one of the major inhibitor of plasminogen activator and levels of these rise in sepsis. Both cell types from septic patients promote greater release of PAI-1 from endothelial cells than do cells from normal individuals. Inhibition of fibrinolysis by leucocytes may contribute to fibrin persistence in sepsis. This may be useful in localizing infection. If generalized, it may contribute to vascular occlusive complications of sepsis such as shock lung, acute renal failure or digital gangrene. Absence of leucocytes may account for the apparent reduction of vascular occlusive complications in leucopenic septic patients.
18

Comparison of the association of PAI-1 act with the metabolic syndrome markers in caucasian and black South African women / Arno Greyling

Greyling, Johannes Cornelis Arnoldus January 2005 (has links)
Motivation: The detrimental effects of obesity and insulin resistance in Caucasians and African-Americans have been the focus of many recent publications, and the association between PAI-1act and markers of the metabolic syndrome is well established but data on African subjects are still lacking. Objectives: To investigate possible differences between the association of PAI-1act with markers of the metabolic syndrome in Caucasian and African women. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the POWIRS I and II studies, involving 95 African and 114 Caucasian women respectively in the Potchefstroom district of the North West Province, South Africa. Results: Mean plasma PAI-1act was significantly higher in the Caucasian than in the African subjects (p < 0.001). Markers for the metabolic syndrome explained 60% of the variance of PAI-1act in the Caucasian group, but only 2.8% of the variance of PAI-1act in the African group. Waist circumference emerged as the strongest independent predictor of PAI-1act in the Caucasian (34%) as well as the African subjects (11%). Conclusion: This study showed clear differences in PAI-1act between African and Caucasian subjects, along with differences in the association of PAI-1act with markers of the metabolic syndrome. Apparent genetic differences between the two groups (especially the role of the 4G/5G genotype) may have an important influence on PAI-1act The role of PAI-1act in the metabolic syndrome may differ between Caucasians and Africans. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
19

THE UTILITY OF THE PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT INVENTORY

DeLong, Dana M. 01 January 2008 (has links)
Identification of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in adults using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) T-scores was investigated. Archival data from closed client files at a university counseling center were used to obtain information from 91 cases of individuals who received testing services and were diagnosed with AD/HD and 91 cases that received personal counseling and received a DSM-IV diagnosis but not a diagnosis of AD/HD. All cases had taken the PAI as part of the intake process. Four groups were identified; three AD/HD groups (Inattentive type, Combined type, & Not otherwise Specified) and a control group of counseling cases without an AD/HD diagnosis. The AD/HD-NOS group was excluded from the study due to the small group size of six. A MANOVA resulted in significance differences between the AD/HD-I and AD/HD-C groups; therefore, they were analyzed as separate groups. A MANOVA comparing the AD/HD groups and the control group revealed significance differences using select PAI clinical scales hypothesized to capture AD/HD symptoms. Descriptive and predictive discriminant function analyses (DFA) with a set of PAI subscales hypothesized to most relate to adult symptoms of AD/HD were significant, with modest results. DFA revealed a hit rate of 71.4% for prediction of clients with AD/HD-I; 30.8% for predicting AD/HD-C, and 78.9% predicting no AD/HD. Cut-off scores for AD/HD were suggested for four PAI scales. Strengths and limitations were discussed.
20

A influência do gênero e ordem de nascimento sobre as práticas educaticas parentais

Sampaio, Izabela Tissot Antunes January 2008 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T18:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 250663.pdf: 873459 bytes, checksum: 37f3433a5bb56a065734d46590bb4d81 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo levantar dados sobre a influência do gênero e da ordem de nascimento dos filhos sobre as práticas educativas parentais, investigando também a percepção da preferência parental e a autodescrição de adolescentes. O modelo teórico utilizado para avaliar as práticas educativas inclui sete categorias: duas relativas a práticas denominadas positivas (monitoria positiva e comportamento moral); e cinco negativas (punição inconsistente, negligência, disciplina relaxada, monitoria negativa e abuso físico). Participaram da pesquisa 322 adolescentes entre 13 e 17 anos, sendo 59% do sexo feminino. Os resultados indicaram que as filhas avaliaram a figura paterna de forma mais negativa do que os filhos, não havendo diferenças na avaliação materna geral. As filhas primogênitas alegaram sofrer mais as práticas de punição inconsistente e abuso físico por parte das mães e dos pais; enquanto os filhos mais velhos julgaram apanhar mais da figura paterna. As filhas primogênitas obtiveram maiores valores para monitoria negativa paterna. Primogênitos de ambos os sexos diferenciaram-se dos demais grupos por acreditarem que existe preferência parental por um dos filhos, atribuindo-a principalmente aos caçulas. Houve associação entre os índices de estilo parental e a percepção da preferência parental. Com relação à autodescrição, os participantes dividiram-se principalmente segundo conceitos atribuídos ao gênero. Evidencia-se que o gênero e a ordem de nascimento modulam o modo como os pais tratam os filhos e como os próprios filhos avaliam os pais; esse último aspecto sofrendo influência dos irmãos dentro da relação fraternal. This work aimed at searching data about gender and birth order influence on parenting, also investigating perceived parental favoritism and self-description of adolescents. The theoretical model used to assess the parenting practices includes seven categories: two related to positive practices (positive monitoring and moral modeling), and five related to negative practices (inconsistent punishment, negligence, careless discipline, negative monitoring and physical abuse). The participants were 322 adolescents between ages 13 and 17, 59% girls. Results indicated that girl assessed fathers more negatively than boys, which did not happen for mothers in the general score. Firstborn girls believe to suffer more inconsistent punishment and physical abuse from mothers and fathers, while firstborn boys agree to be more spanked by fathers. Firstborn girls also obtained higher scores for paternal negative monitoring. Firstborns of both sexes differed from other groups for the perceived parental favoritism, especially attributed to laterborns. An association between perceived parental favoritism and the parenting style score was found. Relative to self-description, participants were divided following gender social concepts. It seems evident that gender and birth order modulate the way parents raise their offspring and the way children assess them; in this case suffering the influence of brotherhood.

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