I created a one minute 2D, hand-drawn, frame-by-frame animation with an original music score utilizing Toon Boom to demonstrate my ability to convey an interesting story without the use of any dialogue.I relied instead on pantomime, expressions, and context clues to communicate the story to the viewer.

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The aim of this essay is to explore the relation between actor and costume in the context of theatrical discourse and using as an axis Heracles’ lion skin. The word actor is used to denote the agent of theatrical/mimetic action while the word costume stresses the function and power of a theatrical costume. In the Introduction section the context of the research is being described. The methodological field is that of the recently explored theatrical discourse which derives from metatheatrical studies and is based on critical treatises on theatre. In the first chapter the importance of lion skin as a prominent costume for the articulation of theatrical discourse is being analyzed from different angles. In chapter two the metatheatrical use of Heracles’ lion skin is used as a base for the construction of theatrical discourse about the function of theatre in a dramatic text. In the following section, Heracles’ lion skin is used to describe actor’s relation to his tragic skeue and is also reconstructed anew as a pantomime costume indicative of the dynamics developed between performer and costume. In Libanius’ A Reply to Aristidis On Behalf of Dancers the emphasis on the transformative power of the costume is being discussed (chapter 4). In chapter 5 the emergence of lion skin in the debate around the relation between actor and costume constitutes the epilogue of a long-lasting debate on the dynamics of relation between actor and costume. / Σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι να εξερευνήσει την σχέση μεταξύ ηθοποιού και κοστουμιού στο πλαίσιο του λόγου περί θεάτρου και χρησιμοποιώντας ως άξονα για τη συζήτηση αυτή την λεοντή του Ηρακλή. Η λέξη «ηθοποιός» χρησιμοποιείται για να δηλώσει τον υπεύθυνο της θεατρικής ή μιμητικής πράξης ενώ η λέξη «κουστούμι» χρησιμοποιείται για να δοθεί έμφαση στη λειτουργία και δύναμη ενός θεατρικού κουστουμιού. Στην εισαγωγή περιγράφεται το πλαίσιο της έρευνας. Το μεθοδολογικό πεδίο είναι αυτό του πρόσφατα μελετημένου λόγου περί θεάτρου ο οποίος προέρχεται από μελέτες για το μεταθέατρο και βασίζεται σε συγγράμματα που συζητούν το ρόλο του θεάτρου. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο διερευνάται από διάφορες οπτικές γωνίες η σημασία της λεοντής ως κατεξοχήν κοστουμιού για την άρθρωση του λογου περι θεάτρου. Στο κεφάλαιο δύο η μεταθεατρική χρήση της λεοντής του Ηρακλή χρησιμοποιείται ως βάση για την δημιουργία συζήτησης για τη λειτουργία του θεάτρου μέσα σε ένα δραματικό κείμενο. Στην επόμενη ενότητα, η λεοντή του Ηρακλή χρησιμοποιείται για να περιγραφεί η σχέση του ηθοποιού με την τραγική σκευή του και επιπλέον συνθέτεται εκ νέου ως κουστούμι της παντομίμας ενδεικτικό της δυναμικής σχέσης που αναπτύσσεται ανάμεσα στον καλλιτέχνη και το κουστούμι. Στο έργο του Λιβάνιου Απάντηση στον Αριστείδη Υπέρ των Ορχηστών συζητείται η έμφαση που δίνεται στην δύναμη του κουστουμιού να μεταμορφώνει αυτόν που το ενδύεται (κεφάλαιο 4). Στο κεφάλαιο 5 η επανεμφάνιση της λεοντής στη συζήτηση για τη σχέση του ηθοποιού με το κουστούμι συνιστά τον επίλογο μια μακραίωνης συζήτησης για τη δυναμική που αναπτύσσεται ανάμεσα στους δύο πιο σημαντικούς παράγοντες για την δημιουργία και τη λειτουργία του θεάτρου.

Motivée par le constat d’une absence de consensus en linguistique des langues des signes quant aux propriétés symboliques et systémiques des pantomimes des langues signes, cette thèse s’intéresse aux enjeux épistémologiques liés à l’étude des articulations entre les facultés mimétique et langagière. Partant de l’hypothèse développée par le cadre sémiologique de la théorie de l’iconicité de l’existence d’un va-et-vient structurel de l’iconicité linguistique, impliquant notamment un potentiel à la plasticité sémiotique en contexte adaptatif, le corpus vidéo d’interactions spontanées sur les terrains du contact en langue des signes émergente et en langue des signes internationalisée donne à voir le déploiement de stratégies mimées non conventionnelles. L’analyse qualitative de l’annotation confronte la structure linguistique des productions à leurs éventuels fondements pragmatiques mimétiques en identifiant la présence de simulations performatives d’action et de perception et de stratégies tactiles. Y sont également observées des dynamiques sémiotiques interactionnelles qui relèvent de la mimésis, tels que des effets miroir et des effets de synchronisation. Ces matériaux théoriques et empiriques permettent d’approfondir la réflexion relative à la problématique du continuum de l’agir au dire. Ils proposent également que le concept de mimésis soit légitimé en sciences du langage, comme matrice ontologique et sociale, liée à la construction cognitive, psychique et culturelle, et comme force double, entropique quand elle est porteuse de créativité (dimension poétique), néguentropique quand elle est porteuse de conventionnalisation (dimension imitative). / Motivated by the fact that sign linguistics found no consensus concerning the symbolic and systemic properties of pantomimes in sign languages, this PhD study focuses on the epistemological issues at stake concerning the way mimetic faculty and language faculty intertwine. With the iconicity theory as semiological frame, we sought to observe the moving behavior of linguistic iconicity within structures and its semiotic plasticity for adaptive needs. We built consequently a video corpus of spontaneous interactions on the field of linguistic contact in emerging sign language and in internationalized sign language. Our qualitative analysis of our annotation, where linguistic structures were linked with their eventual pragmatic mimetic anchor, shows a great diversity of performative simulations of action and perception and a great diversity of tactile strategies, which all serve mimetic semiosis. Our research also shows interactional semiotic dynamics that deal with mimesis, such as mirror effects and synchronization effects. This PhD study finally offers a rich amount of theoretical and empirical data which deepen the issue of a continuity between doing and saying and which tend to integrate the notion of mimesis within language sciences as an ontological force for cognitive and psychic construction and as a social force for cultural construction, including a entropic side dealing with creativity through poetics, as well as a neguentropic side dealing with conventionalization through imitation.

This dissertation explores the ways in which Janice Honeyman’s 2007 Swashbuckling Adventure, Peter Pan, The Pantomime represents notions of nation and identity in post-apartheid South Africa. In order to accomplish this, this study argues that despite the carnivalesque elements of the genre of pantomime and its potential to subvert the status quo, Honeyman’s translation of Peter Pan reinforces the imperialist ideology embedded in the source texts of Barrie’s 1904 and Disney’s 1953 Peter Pan. Through an exploration of colonialism and imperialism, and postcolonial studies with specific reference to the works of Bhabha (1990, 1994), Anderson (1991) and Said (1979, 1994), this discussion follows an examination of white Victorian British masculinity and imperialist ideology as it applies to Peter Pan to support the argument that through a process of translation, achieved through the techniques of Disneyfication and double localisation, the Barrie and Disney texts have been translated from their original contexts into the South African postcolonial and post-apartheid context. The argument concludes that in doing so, Honeyman has neglected to provide counter-discourses to the imperialist ideologies in the source texts and has reinforced the racial and gender stereotypes found therein, supporting the colonial power axis of the original text and colonial re-presentations of identity and nation. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Drama / unrestricted

This dissertation investigates whether transitivity distinctions are manifest in the phonetics of linguistic and paralinguistic manual actions, namely lexical verbs and classifier constructions in American Sign Language (ASL) and gestures produced by hearing non-signers without speech (i.e., pantomime). A positive result would indicate that grammatical features are (a) transparent and (b) may thus arise from non-linguistic sources, here the visual-praxic domain. Given previous literature, we predict that transitivity is transparent in pantomime and classifier constructions, but opaque in lexical verbs. <div><br></div><div>We first collected judgments from hearing non-signers who classed pantomimes, classifier constructions, and ASL lexical verbs as unergative, unaccusative, transitive, or ditransitive. We found that non-signers consistently judged items across all three stimulus types, suggesting that there is transitivity-related information in the signed signal. </div><div><br></div><div>We then asked whether non-signers’ judging ability has its roots in a top-down or bottom-up strategy. A top-down strategy might entail guessing the meaning of the sign or pantomime and then using the guessed meaning to assess/guess its transitivity. A bottom-up strategy entails using one or more meaningful phonetic features available in the formation of the signal to judge an item. We predicted that both strategies would be available in classing pantomimes and classifier constructions, but that transitivity information would only be available top-down in lexical verbs, given that the former are argued to be more imagistic generally than lexical verbs. Further, each strategy makes a different prediction with respect to the internal representation xv of signs and pantomimes. The top-down strategy would suggest signs and pantomimes are unanalyzable wholes, whereas the bottom-up strategy would suggest the same are compositional. </div><div><br></div><div>For the top-down analysis, we correlated lexical iconicity score and a measure of the degree to which non-signers ‘agreed’ on the transitivity of an item. We found that lexical iconicity only weakly predicts non-signer judgments of transitivity, on average explaining 10-20% of the variance for each stimulus class. However, we note that this is the only strategy available for lexical verbs. </div><div><br></div><div>For the bottom-up analysis, we annotate our stimuli for phonetic and phonological features known to be relevant to transitivity and/ or event semantics in sign languages. We then apply a text classification model to try to predict transitivity from these features. As expected, our classifiers achieved stably high accuracy for pantomimes and classifier constructions, but only chance accuracy for lexical verbs. </div><div><br></div><div>Taken together, the top-down and bottom-up analyses were able to predict nonsigner transitivity judgments for the pantomimes and classifier constructions, with the bottom-up analysis providing a stronger, more convincing result. For lexical verbs, only the top-down analysis was relevant and it performed weakly, providing little explanatory power. When interpreting these results, we look to the semantics of the stimuli to explain the observed differences between classes: pantomimes and classifier constructions both encode events of motion and manipulation (by human hands), the transitivity of which may be encoded using a limited set of strategies. By contrast, lexical verbs denote a multitude of event types, with properties of those events (and not necessarily their transitivity) being preferentially encoded compared to the encoding of transitivity. That is, the resolution of transitivity is a much more difficult problem when looking at lexical verbs. </div><div><br></div><div>This dissertation contributes to the growing body of literature that appreciates how linguistic and paralinguistic forms may be both (para)linguistic and iconic at the same time. It further helps disentangle at least two different types of iconicities (lexical vs. structural), which may be selectively active in some signs or constructions xvi but not others. We also argue from our results that pantomimes are not holistic units, but instead combine elements of form and meaning in an analogous way to classifier constructions. Finally, this work also contributes to the discussion of how Language could have evolved in the species from a gesture-first perspective: The ‘understanding’ of others’ object-directed (i.e. transitive) manual actions becomes communicative.</div>

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François-Antoine-Valentin Riccoboni (1707-1772) représente un paradigme de la rencontre des cultures théâtrales italienne et française au XVIIIe siècle, du point de vue des pratiques scéniques, de la dramaturgie, de la poétique et de la théorie du jeu. Son travail d’acteur participe de l’esthétique italienne visant un jeu plus simple et naturel, qui aura plusieurs échos dans la réforme de la pratique scénique française, la critique contemporaine et la théorie du jeu. Son œuvre se développe dans le sillon de la tradition de la Comédie-Italienne de Paris, démontrant la persistance des processus de composition poétique typiques du savoir artistique italien. Danseur et maître de ballet, François expérimente les possibilités du ballet-pantomime au carrefour des influences choreutiques anglaises, foraines, et du jeu pantomimique italien. Son Art du Théâtre (1750) représente la translation de sa pratique scénique dans le domaine théorique et esthétique. Manuel à l’usage des aspirants acteurs, il revendique aussi une théorie fondée exclusivement sur la pratique du plateau. Aussi, définit-il pour la première fois une théorie du jeu qui repose sur les qualités rationnelles et imitatives de l’acteur, laquelle influencera notamment le Diderot du Paradoxe. Divisé en quatre parties, notre travail reconstruit la vie de Riccoboni (I Partie) ; essaie de saisir son jeu scénique en italien à l’impromptu, en français, dans le chant et dans la danse (II Partie) ; analyse son œuvre dramatique (III Partie) ; étudie l’Art du Théâtre (IV Partie). Deux volumes d’annexes rassemblent des documents d’archives inédits, le répertoire raisonné et l’édition des œuvres inédites de François. / François Antoine Valentin Riccoboni (1707-1772) exemplifies the intersection between Italian and French theatrical cultures in the 18th century in terms of staging practices, dramaturgy, poetics, and the theory of acting. Rooted in the Italian aesthetic, his acting aimed to achieve a style that was simpler and more natural and would be echoed in a number of ways in the reform of French stagecraft, contemporary criticism and the theory of acting. His work develops in alignment with the tradition of the Comédie Italienne in Paris, thus demonstrating the longevity of the process of poetic composition characteristic of the Italian artistic expertise. Dancer and ballet master, Riccoboni experiments with the possibilities of the ballet-pantomime at the juncture of influences from English dance, fairgrounds, and Italien pantomime. His Art du Théâtre (1750) proposes the transposition of his stage techniques in the areas of theory and aesthetics. A practical handbook designed for aspiring actors, it claims also to be a theory based solely on stage experience. It articulates, for the first time, a theory of acting based on the rational and imitative qualities of the actor, which will influence notably Diderot in Le Paradoxe. Divided in four parts, this doctoral dissertation retraces Riccoboni’s life (Part I); attempts to understand his stage craft in Italian all’improvviso, in French, in song and dance (Part II); analyzes his dramatic works (Part III); and studies his Art du Théâtre (Part IV). Two volumes of appendices offer previously unpublished archival sources as well as the annotated inventory and edition of previously unpublished texts by Riccoboni. / François Antoine Valentin Riccoboni (1707-1772) rappresenta un paradigma dell’incontro tra la cultura teatrale italiana e francese nel XVIII secolo, dal punto di vista della pratica scenica, della drammaturgia, della poetica e della teoria della recitazione. La sua arte attoriale partecipa dell’estetica italiana, tesa ad una recitazione più semplice e naturale, che avrà delle eco importanti nella riforma della pratica scenica francese, nella critica contemporanea e nella teoria della recitazione. La sua opera si sviluppa nel solco della tradizione della Comédie Italienne di Parigi, dimostrando la persistenza di processi compositivi tipici del sapere artistico italiano. Ballerino e maître de ballet, François sperimenta anche le possibilità del ballet-pantomime all’incrocio delle influenze coreutiche inglesi, foraines, e dell’arte scenica e pantomimica italiana. Il suo Art du Théâtre (1750) rappresenta la traslazione della sua pratica attoriale nel dominio teorico ed estetico. Manuale pratico all’uso degli aspiranti attori, esso rivendica inoltre una teoria fondata esclusivamente sulla pratica del palcoscenico e definisce per la prima volta un processo interpretativo basato sulle qualità razionali e imitative dell’attore, teoria che influenzerà particolarmente il Diderot del Paradoxe. Diviso in quattro parti, il nostro lavoro ricostruisce la vita di Riccoboni (I Parte); cerca di restituirne la pratica scenica nella recitazione all’improvviso, in francese, nel canto e nella danza (II Parte); analizza la sua opera (III Parte); studia l’Art du Théâtre (IV Parte). Due volumi di appendici raccolgono documenti d’archivio inediti, il repertorio ragionato e l’edizione delle opere inedite di François.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to employ a theatrological approach to the work of one of the most original and influential Czech pantomime troupes of all time, entitled Pantomima Alfreda Jarryho (the Alfred Jarry Pantomime, AJP). The company was established in 1966 in Prague by two young mime artists Boris Hybner and Ctibor Turba and existed as late as the political liquidation of the troupe in 1972 that came due to the process of the so-called normalization period in the former Czechoslovakia. The thesis consists of four major parts that are divided into several subsections. The first part deals with the historical contexts of the art of mime, both international and domestic. The AJP troupe represents the second generation of Czech pantomime that refused the style of the so-called modern pantomime expressed in the international context by Marcel Marceau and in the Czech context by Ladislav Fialka at the Theatre Na zábradlí (Theatre on the Balustrade). Since there is no monograph strictly based on this theatre, although it played a major role among the newly established small theatres in the sixties (and had an important influence on the poetics of the AJP troupe), we briefly introduce the poetics of both the pantomime company led by Fialka and the drama company led by the director Jan Grossman,...

Una ricerca che si prefigga di studiare la danza teatrale nel Settecento s’imbatte inevitabilmente in un nodo problematico: l’oggetto della ricerca non è (più). Di esso sono rimaste soltanto alcune tracce, ovvero una serie di materiali eterogenei che si presentano come effetti capaci di mostrare la causalità della causa – l’oggetto vacante – ma non la sua forma. A partire dalle opere riformatrici di G. Angiolini e J.G. Noverre nonché dai testi di diversi filosofi coevi interessati allo statuto del gesto, la tesi interroga la congerie di effetti sopravvissuta al ballet d’action per approfondire la danza come forma artistica e forma del sapere all’interno del più ampio sistema della rappresentazione. Nello specifico la tesi si propone di mostrare come il segno negativo che contraddistingue variamente la disciplina tersicorea e il dibattito critico su di essa nel XVIII secolo sia da ricondurre più propriamente all’essenziale matrice espressiva del gesto stesso e abbia contribuito a un progressivo slittamento del paradigma classico della mimesi della natura da un’accezione “imitativo-riproduttiva” a una “espressivo-creativa”. / A research that aims at examining the theatrical dance in the XVIII century is bound to face a problematic crux: the research object is not anymore. Some traces have remained, namely, a series of various materials able to show the causality of the cause – the vacant object – but not its form. The survey starts from the revolutionary works by G. Angiolini and J.G. Noverre and goes through different philosophicals texts of authors who were interested in the status of the gesture; it questions the bunch of effects which overcame the ballet d’action in order to look into the dance as a form of art and knowledge within the wider system of representation. Particularly, the research wants to show as the negative sign which marks this discipline and the XVIII critical debate on it has to be referred to the essential expressive nature of the gesture which led to a progressive shifting of the classic paradigm of the mimesis of nature from being “imitative-reproductive” to become “expressive-creative”