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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

Option prices in stochastic volatility models / Prix d’options dans les modèles à volatilité stochastique

Terenzi, Giulia 17 December 2018 (has links)
L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude de problèmes d’évaluation d’options dans les modèles à volatilité stochastique. La première partie est centrée sur les options américaines dans le modèle de Heston. Nous donnons d’abord une caractérisation analytique de la fonction de valeur d’une option américaine comme l’unique solution du problème d’obstacle parabolique dégénéré associé. Notre approche est basée sur des inéquations variationelles dans des espaces de Sobolev avec poids étendant les résultats récents de Daskalopoulos et Feehan (2011, 2016) et Feehan et Pop (2015). On étudie aussi les propriétés de la fonction de valeur d’une option américaine. En particulier, nous prouvons que, sous des hypothèses convenables sur le payoff, la fonction de valeur est décroissante par rapport à la volatilité. Ensuite nous nous concentrons sur le put américaine et nous étendons quelques résultats qui sont bien connus dans le monde Black-Scholes. En particulier nous prouvons la convexité stricte de la fonction de valeur dans la région de continuation, quelques propriétés de la frontière libre, la formule de Prime d’Exercice Anticipée et une forme faible de la propriété du smooth fit. Les techniques utilisées sont de type probabiliste. Dans la deuxième partie nous abordons le problème du calcul numérique du prix des options européennes et américaines dans des modèles à volatilité stochastiques et avec sauts. Nous étudions d’abord le modèle de Bates-Hull-White, c’est-à-dire le modèle de Bates avec un taux d’intérêt stochastique. On considère un algorithme hybride rétrograde qui utilise une approximation par chaîne de Markov (notamment un arbre “avec sauts multiples”) dans la direction de la volatilité et du taux d’intérêt et une approche (déterministe) par différence finie pour traiter le processus de prix d’actif. De plus, nous fournissons une procédure de simulation pour des évaluations Monte Carlo. Les résultats numériques montrent la fiabilité et l’efficacité de ces méthodes. Finalement, nous analysons le taux de convergence de l’algorithme hybride appliqué à des modèles généraux de diffusion avec sauts. Nous étudions d’abord la convergence faible au premier ordre de chaînes de Markov vers la diffusion sous des hypothèses assez générales. Ensuite nous prouvons la convergence de l’algorithme: nous étudions la stabilité et la consistance de la méthode hybride par une technique qui exploite les caractéristiques probabilistes de l’approximation par chaîne de Markov / We study option pricing problems in stochastic volatility models. In the first part of this thesis we focus on American options in the Heston model. We first give an analytical characterization of the value function of an American option as the unique solution of the associated (degenerate) parabolic obstacle problem. Our approach is based on variational inequalities in suitable weighted Sobolev spaces and extends recent results of Daskalopoulos and Feehan (2011, 2016) and Feehan and Pop (2015). We also investigate the properties of the American value function. In particular, we prove that, under suitable assumptions on the payoff, the value function is nondecreasing with respect to the volatility variable. Then, we focus on an American put option and we extend some results which are well known in the Black and Scholes world. In particular, we prove the strict convexity of the value function in the continuation region, some properties of the free boundary function, the Early Exercise Price formula and a weak form of the smooth fit principle. This is done mostly by using probabilistic techniques.In the second part we deal with the numerical computation of European and American option prices in jump-diffusion stochastic volatility models. We first focus on the Bates-Hull-White model, i.e. the Bates model with a stochastic interest rate. We consider a backward hybrid algorithm which uses a Markov chain approximation (in particular, a “multiple jumps” tree) in the direction of the volatility and the interest rate and a (deterministic) finite-difference approach in order to handle the underlying asset price process. Moreover, we provide a simulation scheme to be used for Monte Carlo evaluations. Numerical results show the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed methods.Finally, we analyze the rate of convergence of the hybrid algorithm applied to general jump-diffusion models. We study first order weak convergence of Markov chains to diffusions under quite general assumptions. Then, we prove the convergence of the algorithm, by studying the stability and the consistency of the hybrid scheme, in a sense that allows us to exploit the probabilistic features of the Markov chain approximation
222

O transistor válvula de spin de AlGaAs/GaAs e outros semicondutores: dirigido a novos dispositivos spintrônicos / The spin valve transistor of AlGaAs/GaAs and others semiconductors: dirested to movel spintromic devices

Edgar Fernando Aliaga Ayllon 26 November 2013 (has links)
Neste trabalho, apresentamos estudos de magnetotransporte em um sistema quase tridimensional de elétrons produzido em amostras contendo poços quânticos parabólicos (PQW, Parabolic Quantum Well ) formados em heteroestruturas de AlGaAs crescidos sobre substratos de GaAs pela técnica de epitaxia por feixe molecular (MBE). Na primeira parte do nosso trabalho realizamos medidas de magnetoresistência, efeito Hall e efeito Shubnikov-de Haas em PQWs com larguras de 1000 Å a fim de investigar as propriedades eletronicas tais como a concentração e a mobilidade dos elétrons nas amostras. Através de cálculos autoconsistentes determinou-se os perfis de potencial, os níveis de energia e as concentrações de cada uma das sub-bandas ocupadas no poço. Uma análise através da transformada de Fourier também permitiu determinar as concentrações eletrônicas nas sub-bandas. Em uma segunda parte estudou-se a influência da aplicação de potenciais externos através de uma porta metálica com barreira em uma amostra contendo um PQW de largura 3000 Å na presença de campos magnéticos perpendicular e paralelo à superfície da amostra. Encontrou-se que para uma tensão de porta de Vg = 0, 55V forma-se uma barreira de potencial ainda sem ter depleção de cargas no poço. Apresenta-se a idealização do dispositivo transistor válvula de spin, a partir do fato que aplicando uma tensão de porta é possível deslocar espacialmente os elétrons e mudar a sua orientaçãp de spin. / Results from magnetic transport studies made on quasi-three-dimensional electron systems are presented in this work. AlGaAs heterostructures grown on GaAs subtrates through molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) enable the existence of this type of systems by means of parabolic quantum wells (PQW) formation. This work was developed in two main parts. First, we studied magnetoresistence phenomena, such as Hall effect and Shubnikov-de Haas, on 1000 Å width PQWs. This permits to know the electronic concentration and mobility values of this type of samples, among other electrical properties. Then, self-consistent calculations gave an outline of the size and shape of the potentials, and gave the values for the energy levels and the electronic concentration on each occupied sub-band of the quantum well. Through Fourier transform analysis was also possible to obtain and confirm the electronic concentrations of the occupied sub-bands. In the second part of the work, we studied the effects of applying an external potential through a barrier gate to a 3000 Å width PQW sample in the presence of magnetic fields parallel and perpendicular to the sample surface. For a V g = 0, 55 V gate voltage, it was found that a potential barrier was formed even without charge depletion in the well. An idealization for the spin valve transistor device, based on the fact that applying a gate potential spatially dislocates the electrons and changes their spin orientation, is presented.
223

Uma prova funcional analítica da limitação uniforme de atratores para uma família de problemas parabólicos em R2 / An analytic functional proof of the uniform limitation of attractors for a family of parabolic problems in R2

Lorenzi, Bianca Paolini 22 September 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar as constantes que aparecem em desigualdades relacionadas a operadores setoriais e suas potências fracionárias. Demonstramos que tais constantes dependem essencialmente do setor e da constante na desigualdade do resolvente associados ao operador. Como uma aplicação desses resultados, fornecemos uma prova alternativa para a limitação uniforme dos atratores de uma classe de problemas parabólicos semilineares obtidos por perturbação suave de um domínio. / This work has as main purpose to study the constants that appear in inequalities related to sectorial operators and their fractional powers. We show that these constants depend essentially on the sector and the constant in the resolvent inequality associated with the operator. As an application of these results, we provide an alternative proof for the uniform bound of the attractors of a class of semilinear parabolic problems obtained by smooth perturbation of a domain.
224

Problèmes non-linéaires singuliers et bifurcation / Singular nonlinear problems and bifurcation

Bougherara, Brahim 11 September 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine mathématique de l’analyse des équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires. Précisément, nous nous sommes intéressés à une classe de problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques avec coefficients singuliers. Ce manque de régularité pose un certain nombre de difficultés qui ne permettent pas d’utiliser directement les méthodes classiques de l’analyse non-linéaire fondées entre autres sur des résultats de compacité. Dans les démonstrations des principaux résultats, nous montrons comment pallier ces difficultés. Ceci suppose d’adapter certaines techniques bien connues mais aussi d’introduire de nouvelles méthodes. Dans ce contexte, une étape importante est l’estimation fine du comportement des solutions qui permet d’adapter le principe de comparaison faible, d’utiliser la régularité elliptique et parabolique et d’appliquer dans un nouveau contexte la théorie globale de la bifurcation analytique. La thèse se présente sous forme de deux parties indépendantes. 1- Dans la première partie (chapitre I de la thèse), nous avons étudié un problème quasi-linéaire parabolique fortement singulier faisant intervenir l’opérateur p-Laplacien. On a démontré l’existence locale et la régularité de solutions faibles. Ce résultat repose sur des estimations a priori obtenues via l’utilisation d’inégalités de type log-Sobolev combinées à des inégalités de Gagliardo-Nirenberg. On démontre l’unicité de la solution pour un intervalle de valeurs du paramètre de la singularité en utilisant un principe de comparaison faible fondé sur la monotonie d’un opérateur non linéaire adéquat. 2- Dans la deuxième partie (correspondant aux Chapitres II, III et IV de la thèse), nous sommes intéressés à l’étude de problèmes de bifurcation globale. On a établi pour ces problèmes l’existence de continuas non bornés de solutions qui admettent localement une paramétrisation analytique. Pour établir ces résultats, nous faisons appel à différents outils d’analyse non linéaire. Un outil important est la théorie analytique de la bifurcation globale qui a été introduite par Dancer (voir Chapitre II de la thèse). Pour un problème semi linéaire elliptique avec croissance critique en dimension 2, on montre que les solutions le long de la branche convergent vers une solution singulière (solution non bornée) lorsque la norme des solutions converge vers l’infini. Par ailleurs nous montrons que la branche admet une infinité dénombrable de "points de retournement" correspondant à un changement de l’indice de Morse des solutions qui tend vers l’infini le long de la branche. / This thesis is concerned with the mathematical study of nonlinear partial differential equations. Precisely, we have investigated a class of nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems with singular coefficients. This lack of regularity involves some difficulties which prevent the straight-orward application of classical methods of nonlinear analysis based on compactness results. In the proofs of the main results, we show how to overcome these difficulties. Precisely we adapt some well-known techniques together with the use of new methods. In this framework, an important step is to estimate accurately the solutions in order to apply the weak comparison principle, to use the regularity theory of parabolic and elliptic equations and to develop in a new context the analytic theory of global bifurcation. The thesis presents two independent parts. 1- In the first part (corresponding to Chapter I), we are interested by a nonlinear and singular parabolic equation involving the p-Laplacian operator. We established for this problem that for any non-negative initial datum chosen in a certain Lebeque space, there exists a local positive weak solution. For that we use some a priori bounds based on logarithmic Sobolev inequalities to get ultracontractivity of the associated semi-group. Additionaly, for a range of values of the singular coefficient, we prove the uniqueness of the solution and further regularity results. 2- In the second part (corresponding to Chapters II, III and IV of the thesis), we are concerned with the study of global bifurcation problems involving singular nonlinearities. We establish the existence of a piecewise analytic global path of solutions to these problems. For that we use crucially the analytic bifurcation theory introduced by Dancer (described in Chapter II of the thesis). In the frame of a class of semilinear elliptic problems involving a critical nonlinearity in two dimensions, we further prove that the piecewise analytic path of solutions admits asymptotically a singular solution (i.e. an unbounded solution), whose Morse index is infinite. As a consequence, this path admits a countable infinitely many “turning points” where the Morse index is increasing.
225

Análise experimental dos processos de transferência de calor aplicados à concentração solar

Santos, Vitor Luiz Rigoti dos 28 July 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:08:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Luiz Rigoti dos Anjos.pdf: 1989527 bytes, checksum: ff87f9a6cd0a1d2d7314336dc8689bf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Having in mind the necessity to pump heavy crude oil from notoriously sunny regions of Brazil (northern Brazil regions general speaking or northern Espirito Santo state specifically), the utilization of solar radiation appears as an alternative thermal source to heat on-shore pipelines and storage tanks. The present work exhibits the basic steps to project, design, construction and test of a parabolic solar concentrator prototype, as well as shows experimental results gotten from the activities developed by the whole project and points out some possibilities to enhance the system for future operations. Here, the main objective is to increase heat transfer to a tube installed on parabolic focus (absorber tube). Using distinct configurations for the absorbers tubes, the work fluid is heated and analysis are prosecuted over collected data aiming to reach the main goal, which is to study the pressure drop reduction by viscosity decreasing of heavy oils flow using solar energy collected by a parabolic concentrator. / Tendo em vista a necessidade de transportar óleos pesados produzidos em regiões notoriamente ensolaradas do Brasil (tais como o norte do estado do Espírito Santo e estados da região Nordeste), o aproveitamento da radiação solar incidente como fonte de energia térmica alternativa para aquecimento de oleodutos e tanques de armazenamento terrestres (on-shore) surge como uma solução para a redução da perda de carga induzida no escoamento através da redução da viscosidade do fluido. O presente trabalho apresenta de modo sucinto as etapas de dimensionamento, projeto, construção e teste de um protótipo de concentrador solar parabólico, bem como os resultados experimentais obtidos durante as atividades do projeto como um todo, além de apontar também novas possibilidades de melhoria do sistema para futuras operações. A principal proposta deste trabalho é a otimização do tubo absorvedor do concentrador solar, a fim de aumentar o aproveitamento da radiação incidente. Utilizando configurações distintas de tubos absorvedores instalados sobre o foco do concentrador solar parabólico experimental, o fluido de trabalho é aquecido e, de posse dos dados coletados nos experimentos são feitas as devidas análises para alcançar o objetivo do projeto principal, que é obter uma forma de redução da perda de carga em escoamentos de óleos pesados utilizando a energia solar coletada por um concentrador parabólico.
226

Thermomécanique des milieux continus : modèles théoriques et applications au comportement de l'hydrogel en ingénierie biomédicale / Continuum thermomechanics : theoretical models and applications on hydrogel behaviour in biomedical engineering

Santatriniaina, Nirina 06 October 2015 (has links)
Dans la première partie on propose un outil mathématique pour traiter les conditions aux limites dynamiques d'un problème couplé d'EDP. La simulation avec des conditions aux limites dynamiques nécessite quelques fois une condition de "switch" en temps des conditions aux limites de Dirichlet en Neumann. La méthode numérique (St DN) a été validée avec des mesures expérimentales pour le cas de la contamination croisée en industrie micro-électronique. Cet outil sera utilisé par la suite pour simuler le phénomène de « self-heating » dans les polymères et les hydrogels sous sollicitations dynamiques. Dans la deuxième partie, on s'intéresse à la modélisation du phénomène de self-heating dans les polymères, les hydrogels et les tissus biologiques. D'abord, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la modélisation de la loi constitutive de l'hydrogel de type HEMA-EGDMA. Nous avons utilisé la théorie des invariants polynomiaux pour définir la loi constitutive du matériau. Ensuite, nous avons mis en place un modèle théorique en thermomécanique couplée d'un milieu continu classique pour analyser la production de chaleur dans ce matériau. Deux potentiels thermodynamiques ont été proposés et identifiés avec les mesures expérimentales. Une nouvelle forme d'équation du mouvement non-linéaire et couplée a été obtenue (un système d'équation aux dérivées partielles parabolique et hyperbolique non-linéaire couplé avec des conditions aux limites dynamiques). Dans la troisième partie, une méthode numérique des équations thermomécaniques (couplage parabolique-hyperbolique) pour les modèles a été utilisée. Cette étape nous a permis, entre autres, de résoudre ce système couplé. La méthode est basée sur la méthode des éléments finis. Divers résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur ce phénomène de self-heating sont présentés dans ce travail suivi d'une étude de corrélations des résultats théoriques et expérimentaux. Dans la dernière partie de ce travail, ces divers résultats sont repris et leurs conséquences sur la modélisation du comportement de l'hydrogel naturel utilisé dans le domaine biomédical sont discutées. / In the first part, we propose a mathematical tool for treating the dynamic boundary conditions. The simulation within dynamic boundary condition requires sometimes ''switch'' condition in time of the Dirichlet to Neumann boundary condition (St DN). We propose a numerical method validated with experimental measurements for the case of cross-contamination in microelectronics industry. This tool will be used to compute self-heating in the polymers and hydrogels under dynamic loading. In the second part we focus on modeling the self-heating phenomenon in polymers, hydrogels and biological tissues. We develop constitutive law of the hydrogel type HEMA-EGDMA, focusing on the heat e.ects (dissipation) in this material. Then we set up a theoretical model of coupled thermo-mechanical classic continuum for a better understanding of the heat production in this media. We use polynomial invariants theory to define the constitutive law of the media. Two original thermodynamic potentials are proposed. Original non-linear and coupled governing equations were obtained and identified with the experimental measurements (non-linear parabolic-hyperbolic system with the dynamic boundary condition). In the third part, numerical methods were used to solve thermo-mechanical formalism for the model. This step deals with a numerical method of a coupled partial di.erential equation system of the self-heating (parabolic-hyperbolic coupling). Then, is step allows us, among other things, to propose an appropriate numerical methods to solve this system. The numerical method is based on the finite element methods. Numerous experimental results on the self-heating phenomenon are presented in this work together with correlations studies between the theoretical and experimental results. In the last part of the thesis, these various results will be presented and their impact on the modeling of the behavior of the natural hydrogel used in the biomedical field will be discussed.
227

Uma prova funcional analítica da limitação uniforme de atratores para uma família de problemas parabólicos em R2 / An analytic functional proof of the uniform limitation of attractors for a family of parabolic problems in R2

Bianca Paolini Lorenzi 22 September 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar as constantes que aparecem em desigualdades relacionadas a operadores setoriais e suas potências fracionárias. Demonstramos que tais constantes dependem essencialmente do setor e da constante na desigualdade do resolvente associados ao operador. Como uma aplicação desses resultados, fornecemos uma prova alternativa para a limitação uniforme dos atratores de uma classe de problemas parabólicos semilineares obtidos por perturbação suave de um domínio. / This work has as main purpose to study the constants that appear in inequalities related to sectorial operators and their fractional powers. We show that these constants depend essentially on the sector and the constant in the resolvent inequality associated with the operator. As an application of these results, we provide an alternative proof for the uniform bound of the attractors of a class of semilinear parabolic problems obtained by smooth perturbation of a domain.
228

Rate of convergence of attractors for abstract semilinear problems / Taxa de convergência de atratores para problemas semilineares abstratos

Leonardo Pires 23 September 2016 (has links)
In this work we study rate of convergence of attractors for parabolic equations. We consider various types of problems where the diffusion coefficient has varied profiles: large diffusion, localized large diffusion and large diffusion except in the neighborhood of a point where it becomes small. In all cases we obtain a singular perturbation where a rate of convergence of attractors is obtained. / Neste trabalho estudamos taxa de convergência de atratores para equações parabólicas. Consideramos vários tipos de problemas onde o coeficiente de difusão apresenta perfís variados: difusão grande, difusão grande localizada e difusão grande exceto na vizinhança de um ponto onde ela torna-se pequena. Em todos os casos consideramos perturbações singulares e uma taxa de convergência para os atratores é obtida.
229

Rate of convergence of attractors for abstract semilinear problems / Taxa de convergência de atratores para problemas semilineares abstratos

Pires, Leonardo 23 September 2016 (has links)
In this work we study rate of convergence of attractors for parabolic equations. We consider various types of problems where the diffusion coefficient has varied profiles: large diffusion, localized large diffusion and large diffusion except in the neighborhood of a point where it becomes small. In all cases we obtain a singular perturbation where a rate of convergence of attractors is obtained. / Neste trabalho estudamos taxa de convergência de atratores para equações parabólicas. Consideramos vários tipos de problemas onde o coeficiente de difusão apresenta perfís variados: difusão grande, difusão grande localizada e difusão grande exceto na vizinhança de um ponto onde ela torna-se pequena. Em todos os casos consideramos perturbações singulares e uma taxa de convergência para os atratores é obtida.
230

Modélisation d’aquifères peu profonds en interaction avec les eaux de surfaces / Modeling of shallow aquifers in interaction with surface waters

Tsegmid, Munkhgerel 26 June 2019 (has links)
Nous présentons une classe de nouveaux modèles pour décrire les écoulements d’eau dans des aquifères peu profonds non confinés. Cette classe de modèles offre une alternative au modèle Richards 3d plus classique mais moins maniable. Leur dérivation est guidée par deux ambitions : le nouveau modèle doit d’une part être peu coûteux en temps de calcul et doit d’autre part donner des résultats pertinents à toute échelle de temps. Deux types d’écoulements dominants apparaissent dans ce contexte lorsque le rapport de l’épaisseur sur la longueur de l’aquifère est petit : le premier écoulement apparaît en temps court et est décrit par un problème vertical Richards 1d ; le second correspond aux grandes échelles de temps, la charge hydraulique est alors considérée comme indépendante de la variable verticale. Ces deux types d’écoulements sont donc modélisés de manière appropriée par le couplage d’une équation 1d pour la partie insaturée de l’aquifère et d’une équation 2d pour la partie saturée. Ces équations sont couplées au niveau d’une interface de profondeur h (t,x) en dessous de laquelle l’hypothèse de Dupuit est vérifiée. Le couplage est assuré de telle sorte que la masse globale du système soit conservée. Notons que la profondeur h (t,x) peut être une inconnue du problème ou être fixée artificiellement. Nous prouvons (dans le cas d’aquifères minces) en utilisant des développements asymptotiques que le problème Richards 3d se comporte de la même manière que les modèles de cette classe à toutes les échelles de temps considérées (courte, moyenne et grande). Nous décrivons un schéma numérique pour approcher le modèle couplé non linéaire. Une approximation par éléments finis est combinée à une méthode d’Euler implicite en temps. Ensuite, nous utilisons une reformulation de l’équation discrète en introduisant un opérateur de Dirichlet-to-Neumann pour gérer le couplage non linéaire en temps. Une méthode de point fixe est appliquée pour résoudre l’équation discrète reformulée. Le modèle couplé est testé numériquement dans différentes situations et pour différents types d’aquifère. Pour chacune des simulations, les résultats numériques obtenus sont en accord avec ceux obtenus à partir du problème de Richards original. Nous concluons notre travail par l’analyse mathématique d’un modèle couplant le modèle Richards 3d à celui de Dupuit. Il diffère du premier parce que nous ne supposons plus un écoulement purement vertical dans la frange capillaire supérieure. Ce modèle consiste donc en un système couplé non linéaire d’équation Richards 3d avec une équation parabolique non linéaire décrivant l’évolution de l’interface h (t,x) entre les zones saturées et non saturées de l’aquifère. Les principales difficultés à résoudre sont celles inhérentes à l’équation 3D-Richards, la prise en compte de la frontière libre h (t,x) et la présence de termes dégénérés apparaissant dans les termes diffusifs et dans les dérivées temporelles. / We present a class of new efficient models for water flow in shallow unconfined aquifers, giving an alternative to the classical but less tractable 3D-Richards model. Its derivation is guided by two ambitions : any new model should be low cost in computational time and should still give relevant results at every time scale.We thus keep track of two types of flow occurring in such a context and which are dominant when the ratio thickness over longitudinal length is small : the first one is dominant in a small time scale and is described by a vertical 1D-Richards problem ; the second one corresponds to a large time scale, when the evolution of the hydraulic head turns to become independent of the vertical variable. These two types of flow are appropriately modelled by, respectively, a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional system of PDEs boundary value problems. They are coupled along an artificial level below which the Dupuit hypothesis holds true (i.e. the vertical flow is instantaneous below the function h(t,x)) in away ensuring that the global model is mass conservative. Tuning the artificial level, which even can depend on an unknown of the problem, we browse the new class of models. We prove using asymptotic expansions that the 3DRichards problem and eachmodel of the class behaves the same at every considered time scale (short, intermediate and large) in thin aquifers. We describe a numerical scheme to approximate the non-linear coupled model. The standard Galerkin’s finite element approximation in space and Backward Euler method in time are used for discretization. Then we reformulate the discrete equation by introducing the Dirichlet to Neumann operator to handle the nonlinear coupling in time. The fixed point iterative method is applied to solve the reformulated discrete equation. We have examined the coupled model in different boundary conditions and different aquifers. In the every situations, the numerical results of the coupled models fit well with the original Richards problem. We conclude our work by the mathematical analysis of a model coupling 3D-Richards flow and Dupuit horizontal flow. It differs from the first one because we no longer assume a purely vertical flow in the upper capillary fringe. This model thus consists in a nonlinear coupled system of 3D-Richards equation with a nonlinear parabolic equation describing the evolution of the interface h(t,x) between the saturated and unsaturated zones of the aquifer. The main difficulties to be solved are those inherent to the 3D-Richards equation, the consideration of the free boundary h(t,x) and the presence of degenerate terms appearing in the diffusive terms and in the time derivatives.

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