Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-169).

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Ottawa, 2008. / Includes bibliographies.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Ottawa, 2008. / Includes bibliographies.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_jc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1017456 bytes, checksum: afccc05d3c64e8ba5f09879994b239ae (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho buscamos aprofundar reflexões que iniciamos em nossa dissertação de mestrado. Estabelecemos, como objetivo geral, compreender a hesitação numa perspectiva discursiva. Tomamos a hesitação como processo de negociação problemática com os outros constitutivos do sujeito/ do discurso que mostra (i) a deriva que está sempre virtualmente se instalando e (ii) a ancoragem do sujeito que, numa leitura retroativa do dizer, tenta organizar recortes mobilizados de seu inconsciente. Baseamo-nos em material composto por conversações entre um documentador fonoaudiólogo (JN) e um parkinsoniano (NL), gravadas para o Projeto Atividade discursiva oral e escrita de parkinsonianos: formação de um banco de dados. Percebemos a determinação desse material pelo contexto institucional da saúde no qual JN e NL se conheceram, tal que o objeto discursivo saúde/ doença se mostrava na cadeia significante. Selecionamos, pois, seis recortes representativos da circulação da saúde/ doença no processo discursivo JN/NL e delineamos três objetivos específicos para sua análise: (a) determinar em que pontos da cadeia significante o objeto discursivo se mostrava; (b) identificar as posições discursivas engendradas no processo discursivo JN/NL e sua relação com o objeto discursivo; (c) analisar a hesitação no contexto da relação entre as posições discursivas e os outros mobilizados no processo discursivo. A análise permitiu: (a) determinar que o objeto discursivo era mostrado na forma de metáforas – sob a perspectiva das experiências desagradáveis com a doença e sob a perspectiva da possibilidade de solucionar problemas atribuídos à doença –, bem como permitiu determinar sua ressonância em pontos em que não era mostrado na cadeia; (b) identificar que o objeto discursivo ancorava, em alguma mediada, as posições de pesquisador (que escuta/ questionador), de... / In this work we intend to deepen reflections that began in our Masters dissertation. We, as a general objective, proposed to understand hesitation in a discursive perspective. We take hesitation as a problematic negotiation process with the others constitutives of discourse/ subject that show (i) a drift which is always virtually installing and (ii) anchoring the subject that, in backward reading, attempts to organize snips mobilized from his unconscious. We based on material composed of conversations between a speech pathologist documenter (JN) and a parkinsonian (NL), recorded for the Project Atividade discursiva oral e escrita de parkinsonianos: formação de um banco de dados. We realized the determination of this material by the institutional context of health in which JN e NL knew each other, so that the discursive object health/ disease was shown on the significant chain. We have, therefore, selected six representative snips of the movement of health/disease in JN/NL discursive process and we have outlined three specific goals for their analysis: (a) determine where on the significant chain the discursive object was shown; (b) identify the discursive positions engendered in JN/NL discursive process and their relationship with the discursive object; (c) analyze the hesitation in the context of the relationship between the discursive positions and the others mobilized in the discursive process. The analysis allowed us to: (a) determine that the discursive object was shown in metaphors form – on the perspective of unpleasant experiences with the disease and under the perspective of the possibility of troubleshooting assigned to the disease –, as well as allowed to determine its resonance points where it wasn’t shown in the chain; (b) identify that the discursive object anchored, to some extent, the discursive positions of researcher (who listens/questions), of search ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

No description available.

Parkinson's disease (PD) primarily manifests as loss of motor control through the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) locus is highly genetically associated with PD, wherein the H1 haplotype confers disease risk and the H2 haplotype is protective. As this haplotype variation does not alter the amino acid sequence, disease risk may be conferred by altered gene expression, either of total MAPT or of specific isoforms, of which there are six in adult human brain. To investigate haplotype-specific control of MAPT expression in the neurons that die in PD, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from H1/H2 heterozygous individuals were differentiated into dopaminergic neuronal cultures that expressed all six mature isoforms of MAPT after six months' maturation. A reporter construct using the human tyrosine hydroxylase locus was also generated to identify human dopaminergic neurons in mixed cultures. Haplotype-specific differences in the inclusion of exon 3 and total MAPT were observed in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuronal cultures and a novel variant in MAPT intron 10 increased the inclusion of exon 10 by two-fold. RNA interference tools were generated to knockdown total MAPT or specific isoforms, wherein knockdown of the 4-repeat isoform of tau protein increased the velocity of axonal transport in iPSC-derived neurons. MAPT knockdown also reduced p62 levels, suggesting an impact of tau on macroautophagy, likely through altered axonal transport. These results demonstrate how variation at a disease susceptibility locus can alter gene expression, thereby impacting on neuronal function.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of dance and exercise to music on mood in those with Parkinson's disease (PD). A series of five studies were conducted in order to explore whether there are physical and psychological benefits of dance and exercise to music for those with PD. This programme of research collected data in a variety of ways, over a number of weeks (study one - 10 weeks), through survey data (study two) and in peoples own homes (study three, four and five). These studies have focused on the effect of these activities on mood and as the programme of research developed, the role of socialisation became a key factor. These studies have concluded that mood is significantly improved following dance and movement to music, but that this may be moderated by social interaction. Mood effects observed during a social dance class initially appeared to be comparable to 30 minutes of exercise to music at home. This suggests that music and movement without the social aspect of a class could also evoke an improvement in mood. After further investigation, however, it appeared that mood may have been affected by the presence of the researcher as a social factor. Overall, this programme of research has suggested that dance and music to movement is a beneficial form of activity but that the social aspect of this is imperative to have an effect on mood.

La dysarthrie dans la maladie de Parkinson (MP) fait partie des symptômes qui ne répondent pas de manière satisfaisante aux prises en charge médicales. Bien que largement étudiée, certains aspects de la dysarthrie restent insuffisamment détaillés : quels sont ses corrélats physiologiques, ses liens avec des fonctions non-motrices et ses répercussions fonctionnelles ? Construit en quatre axes, ce projet doctoral avait pour objectif d'apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questionnements.Un premier axe a exploré les bases physiopathologiques de la dysarthrie. Considérant les effets du traitement médicamenteux et de la neurochirurgie, nous avons montré qu'aucun de ces traitements ne permettait de restaurer un profil neuro-fonctionnel similaire à celui de participants sains, d'autant plus lors d'une tâche combinant motricités axiale et distale. Le second axe a porté sur les liens entre dysarthrie et fonctions non-motrices. Nos résultats suggèrent que ces deux catégories de fonctions pourraient évoluer conjointement, mais aussi se majorer mutuellement. À l'aide de comparaisons inter-dysarthrie et inter-linguistique, le troisième axe a considéré l'impact fonctionnel de la dysarthrie. Nous avons rapporté que les conséquences de la dysarthrie ne sont pas fonction de l'intelligibilité, qu'elle affecte davantage les patients ayant un profil akinéto-rigide et qu'elle réduit les différences inter-linguistiques. L'étude des rééducations orthophoniques a constitué notre axe quatre. Nos conclusions ont relevé que pour être efficaces, les rééducations doivent être focalisées sur un unique paramètre de parole, être réalisées de manière intensive et apporter un retour au patient. / Dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the symptoms that do not respond well to treatments. Even though it has been widely described, some aspects of dysarthria remain insufficiently detailed: what are its physiological correlates, its relations with non-motor functions and its functional consequences? Structured in four axes, this thesis aimed at bringing some elements to address these issues.The first axis explored the pathophysiology of dysarthria. Considering the effects of pharmacological and neurosurgical treatments, we demonstrated that none of these treatments allowed to restore a neuro-functional profile equivalent to healthy controls, especially during a task combining axial and distal actions. The second axis focused on the relations between dysarthria and non-motor functions. Some outcomes suggested that these two categories of functions could progress jointly, but also reinforce each other. Using between-dysarthria and between-linguistic comparisons, the third axis considered the functional consequences of dysarthria. We reported that the consequences of dysarthria do not depend on the intelligibility degradation, that it impacts more the patients with an akineto-rigid profile, and that it tends to weaken the between-linguistic differences. The study of speech therapies represented our fourth axis. We concluded that, to be effective, speech therapies in PD have to focus on a unique speech parameter, to be realised intensively and to give feedback to the patient on their productions.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as funções executivas (FE) e alterações do humor em pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP). O primeiro estudo procurou apresentar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o tema. No artigo seguinte, em um estudo empírico, comparou-se o desempenho das FE e alterações do humor em um grupo de pacientes com DP (N= 40) e um grupo controle (N= 30). O grupo clínico apresentou desempenho significativamente inferior em diversas medidas de avaliação cognitiva, especialmente no instrumento Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), mas não para as variáveis ansiedade e depressão (p< 0,05). Os resultados demonstram que as alterações das FE e depressão são transtornos frequentes, mesmo em fases iniciais da DP. / This work aimed to investigate the executive functions (EF) and mood changes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The first study sought to present a systematic review of the literature on the subject. In the second, in an empirical study, we compared the performance in EF and mood in a group of PD patients (N = 40) and a control group (N = 30). The clinical group had a significantly poorer performance on several measures of cognitive assessment, especially the BADS, but not for the variables anxiety and depression (p <0.05). The results show that changes in EF are frequent disorders, even in early stages of PD.